Perovskites are universal materials that find applications in many realms, including energy storage and conversion, photovoltaics, photocatalysts, thermoelectrics, supercapacitors, and superconductors.

The concept of perovskite, named after Russian mineralogist Lev Perovski, originally referred to the mineral CaTiO₃. Now, the term describes a rich landscape of materials bearing stoichiometric and structural resemblance to CaTiO₃, generically known as ABX₃, where A and B are metal cations of different ionic sizes, and X represents an anion bonding to both.