Thermal energy accounts for approximately 45% of global-energy-related CO₂ emissions worldwide. Specifically, 20% of these emissions comes from industrial heat.¹

The ceramics industry significantly contributes to these emissions. Each year, the energy consumption for firing ceramics using natural gas is approximately 182 TWh.² At an average CO₂ release rate of 0.22t/MWh, this firing results in roughly 40 million tons of carbon dioxide emission every year. As wealth increases and more countries industrialize, a study by the Long Duration Energy Storage Council estimates industrial heat generation will increase by up to 60% by 2050, resulting in even higher levels of emissions.¹