AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology To infinity and beyond: 3-D printing for outer space F5 Downloaded from bui nefractory cawamaterial? | Recycling refractories | ACerS Annual Meeting and MS&T preview AUGUST 2018 When it comes to Heat, We Sweat the Details! Your firing needs are unique. So why use an “off the shelf” kiln in your process? At Harrop, we get it. That\'s why, for nearly a century, we\'ve been putting in the hard work to design and service custom kilns. Is it harder to do things this way? Yes. Is the extra effort worth it? You bet! At Harrop, we don\'t stop there. If you aren\'t sure what you need, we can help. Our laboratory can run tests to help identify your process boundaries. Through our toll firing facility, we can help to further define the equipment/processing combination that works best for your material. And if you are not ready for a new kiln, we can toll fire your material to help meet your production needs. Does your current kiln company sweat the details? HARROP Fire our imagination Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.harropusa.com 1.614.231.3621 contents August • Vol. 97 No.6 feature articles 14 International Rhine Ceramic Round Table The first International Rhine Ceramic Round Table was organized to better address younger researchers\' needs as well as share ideas and initiatives to promote ceramic science and technology internationally. by Sanjay Mathur and Thomas Fischer departments Letter to the editor. . News & Trends Spotlight. Ceramics in Energy Research Briefs... Ceramics in the Environment cover story To infinity and beyond: Outer space 23 applications of 3-D ceramics printed via ink jet methods Colonizing the moon or Mars will require small, functional ceramic components. Additive manufacturing using \"local\" soils may be an efficient way to get them there. by David Crenshaw, Patrick Cigno, Phillip Kurtis, Gerry Wynick, Xingwu Wang, Ryan Jeffrey, Carol Craig, Sam Deriso, and Jim Royston High-performance refractory ceramics of 29 percolated mullite from waste materials An Australian university-industry partnership produced thermal shock resistant monolithic refractories by incorporating high-silica content fly ash. by Pramod Koshy, Sandor Alex Koszo, Erik Severin, and Charles Christopher Sorrell columns IMFORMED insights Mineral recycling is evolving fast by Mike O\'Driscoll Deciphering the Discipline Glass binder for radioactive waste immobilization by Levi Gardner meetings MS&T18. Journal GRC CRONO International Journal of Meet the editors of the Journal of the 35 American Ceramic Society Applied Ceramic TECHNOLOGY Applied Glass SCIENCE Improvements to the ACerS journal submission process and an expanded editorial staff have streamlined the experience for authors, resulting in a quicker timeline from submission to publication. by Jonathon Foreman Correction to the June-July 2018 ACers Bulletin New products was erroneously omitted from the print issue. It appears on page 44 of the electronic version. Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.6 | www.ceramics.org 38 Ceramic Business and Leadership Summit Clay 2018 recap Cements 2018 recap 42 43 44 resources Calendar 44 Classified Advertising Display Ad Index.. 44 45 47 1 3 7 16 17 .20 21 48 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Obulletin Editorial and Production Eileen De Guire, Editor ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815 edeguire@ceramics.org Faye Oney, Assistant Editor Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Fei Chen, Wuhan University of Technology, China Thomas Fischer, University of Cologne, Germany Kang Lee, NASA Glenn Research Center Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline Inc. Gurpreet Singh, Chair, Kansas State University Chunlei Wan, Tsinghua University, China Eileen De Guire, Staff Liaison, The American Ceramic Society Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics.org Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Charles Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher cspahr@ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Director of Communications & Marketing edeguire@ceramics.org Marcus Fish, Development Director Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation mfish@ceramics.org Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations mjohnson@ceramics.org Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec. Assistant slabute@ceramics.org Mark Mecklenborg, Director of Membership, Meetings & Technical Publications mmecklenborg@ceramics.org Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership kthompson@ceramics.org Officers Michael Alexander, President Sylvia Johnson, President-Elect William Lee, Past President Daniel Lease, Treasurer Charles Spahr, Secretary Board of Directors Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015-2018 Doreen Edwards, Director 2016-2019 Kevin Fox, Director 2017-2020 Dana Goski, Director 2016-2019 Martin Harmer, Director 2015-2018 Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016-2019 Sanjay Mathur, Director 2017-2020 online www.ceramics.org August 2018 • Vol. 97 No.6 in g+ f http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... ** Watch these 3-D printed magnetic devices change shape and perform tricks Researchers at MIT have fabricated small flexible magnetic structures using a 3-D printer and ink fused with magnetic particles. The structures could be used to remotely control biomedical devices for drug delivery or for pumping blood, among other functions. read more at www.ceramics.org/roughness As seen in the June/July 2018 ACerS Bulletin... Extreme durability in ancient Roman concretes By revealing the secrets hidden within ancient Roman structures, cementitious materials science is opening new opportunities to develop concrete formulations with improved durability and service life to aid ailing infrastructures and address materials encapsulation needs. Martha Mecartney, Director 2017-2020 Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015-2018 David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian read more at www.ceramics.org/romanconcretes American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. The American Ceramic Society is not responsible for the accuracy of information in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. Readers should independently evaluate the accuracy of any statement in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2018. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a \"dual-media\" magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramics.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100. Single issues, January-October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 97, No. 6, pp 1-48. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 The great glass science debate of the last century letter to the editor Dear Editor, Rustum C. Roy This month, under the direction of John C. Mauro and sponsorship by The American Ceramic Society, The Pennsylvania State University hosted the 20th University Conference on Glass Science. Announcement of the 20th conference brought to mind the 6th in this series, also held at Penn State in 1981, when a historic debate on the atomic structure of glass took place between two of the foremost and highly respected materials scientists of that time-the late Rustum C. Roy and Alfred R. Cooper. The conference theme of the 1981 Penn State meeting was \"Glass microstructure: surface and bulk.\" At Cooper\'s suggestion, the opening session was dedicated to William H. Zachariasen, who had authored fifty years earlier arguably one of the most profound scientific contributions in glass science, \"The Atomic Arrangement in Glass.\" Intensely debated over its meaning and validity compared to other structural models, it gave rise to the random network theory (RNT) of glass structure. Cooper presented the keynote address of this session, \"W.H. Zachariasen-The melody lingers on.” Therein lies the origin of the debate. Shortly after the start of Cooper\'s presentation, Roy entered the conference room. At the end of Cooper\'s presentation, the usual polite questions were raised and answered with corresponding politeness. Breaking with standard presentation protocol, Roy then joined Cooper on the presentation stage and proclaimed he fully agreed that the \"Zachariasen melody lingers on; the only trouble-it is off key.\" Game on! Given the worldwide professional standing of Cooper and Roy, it was a time for assistant professors to listen, learn, and remain silent. Multiple overhead transparencies supported respective points and counterpoints, beliefs and counter-beliefs, conclusions and counter-conclusions, either for or against the validity of the Zachariasen model. Cooper fully embraced the model, which he believed gave significant insight into the properties of glass and glass formation, not only in oxide systems but also metallic systems. Ostensibly opposed to what he believed was an over-embracement of the Zachariasen model, Roy argued several objections could be raised including the existence of inherent thermodynamic driving forces in glass-forming systems, which give rise to more ordered atomic structures-a Roy and Cooper inspired ACerS award lectures at MS&T The intellectual rigor of these two protagonists lives on in awards in their memory: ACerS Frontiers of Science and Society— Rustum Roy Lecture and the Glass and Optical Materials Division Alfred R. Cooper Scholars Award. Coming full-circle to glass this year, David Morse, chief technology officer at Corning, will deliver the Rustum Roy Lecture titled, “Imagination and innovation in the land of machines.” (Tuesday, Oct. 16, 1-2 p.m.). Tanguy Rouxel, University of Rennes 1 (France) will deliver the Alfred R. Cooper Distinguished Lecture during the Cooper Award Session (Tuesday, Oct. 16, 2–4:30 p.m.) A student will be awarded the Alfred R. Cooper Scholars award and will give a talk at the same session. ACerS 120th Annual Meeting and MS&T18 are in Columbus, Ohio, October 14-18, 2018. www.matscitech.org. Downloaded from bulletin-archive ferm.6 | www.ceramics.org viewpoint supported in part by theories of amorphous phase separation and homogenous crystal nucleation. He further argued that glass formation is more of a kinetic than structure-based phenomenon as set forth in the Zachariasen model. In the end, the debate seemed to result in an amicable draw between the two internationally renowned scientists. That so many of us remember this moment to this day speaks to a belief that we had witnessed a seminal moment in the history of glass science. The enduring and perhaps greater meaning of this debate is in realizing it was but one chapter in the ongoing development of theory related to the structure, properties, processing, and application of glass. Alfred R. Cooper We should also be mindful that while there are many desired outcomes of science as a discipline, by far the greatest is developing theory for what can be observed, measured, and validated. That is, the essence of science is to predict. To obtain a full understanding of glass structure theory, predications should involve both characterization and property measurements, which, in turn, support processing and applications. Further, new theories are built on past successes. Thus, with its emphasis on chemical bonding, localized structure and ion size, the RNT gave rise to development of the band and ligand field theories of glass and the strengthening of glass by ion exchange. Similarly, structural information obtained through advanced characterization methods, including computer simulations, are readily interpreted in terms of the localized structure described by Zachariasen and later expanded by G.N. Greaves with his \"modified random network theory\" for glass structure. This structure-based approach coupled with the kinetic theory of glass formation promoted by Roy and developed by D.R. Uhlmann and others, has proved very useful in exploring new glass-forming systems. Collectively, both considerations have paved the way for a greater understanding of the properties of glass for the making of glass for specific applications. A presentation by Adrian C. Wright at the May Glass and Optical Materials Division meeting in San Antonio entitled \"Oxide glass structure: Toward a working hypothesis for the 21st century,\" and the planned program for next year\'s International Congress on Glass (Boston, June 9-14, 2019) forecasts there will be further refinements of various theories related to structure and glass formation in general. To receive an expanded version of this note giving a history of the University Conferences on Glass Science also held at MS&T, Alfred University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Lehigh University, contact the authors. Sincerely, L. David Pye, Carlo G. Pantano, Delbert E. Day, Minoru Tomozawa, Himanshu Jain, Richard K. Brow, John C. Mauro, and Adrian C.Wright 3 news & trends A workout for your glass-Nanoparticle coating makes glass stronger, boosts impact resistance A company called MetaShield (St. George, Utah) has developed a nanoparticle-based coating that significantly enhances the impact resistance of glass. Such strength-boosting coatings could be useful in glass\'s many applications, including automobile windows, mobile devices, windows, medical equipment, glass containers, eyeglasses, and more. \"Our unique coating, the result of several years of development using the combined work of theoretical physicists, chemists, and engineers, adds only a negligible size and weight,\" Jacob Schliesser, materials chemist at MetaShield, says in a MetaShield press release. “Because it is transparent, thin, and simple to apply, MetaShieldGLASS can be easily integrated into existing manufacturing processes.\" The transparent MetaShieldGLASS coating-applied via spray, dip, or flood coating and then cured with UV light-can be applied in just five minutes, the company says, and requires no fancy, specialized equipment. It is designed for use with Improving Ceramic Raw Materials And Reducing Cost. Additive-A • Lower Losses • Higher Extrusion Efficiency • Increased Plasticity Reduced Water Content BioKeram Improved Rheology • Improved Green/Dry Strength • Faster Drying • Reduced Cracking Additive-A and BioKeram are a range of products from Borregaard, the world\'s leading supplier of high performance bipolymers to the ceramics industry, with more than 50 years experience in the ceramics market. Bill Daidone bill.daidone@borregaard.com Phone (940)781-1715 Borregaard LignoTech Miguel Ten miguel.ten@borregaard.com +(34) 93 479-1101 www.borregaard.com IMPROVINGCERAMICS.COM commercially available systems, making the potential opportunities quite attractive. MetaShield is, not surprisingly, mum on the details of the materials that make up their patent-pending coating. But according to its website, the coating is a silica-based formula containing functional nanoparticles, which can be tailored to give the coating specific properties for a particular application. The company recently reported that results from independent testing of its MetaShieldGLASS coating reveal it significantly enhances the impact resistance of both untempered and tempered aluminosilicate glass. The lab, InterTek, measured impact resistance-following standards developed by Asahi Glass to more accurately assess thin cover glass-by dropping a weighted ball from a specified height onto a test sample of glass. By testing many samples (here, n = 30) and measuring at what drop height each sample breaks. These drop-ball tests provide a relative measure of the average kinetic energy required to break each glass sample type. The testing examined two kinds of glass: 0.55-mm thick untempered aluminosilicate glass, and 0.55-mm thick tempered aluminosilicate glass-better known as Corning\'s Gorilla Glass 3. These dynamic impact tests showed that a MetaShield coating of just 0.09 mm is enough to significantly increase impact resistance of both untempered aluminosilicate glass and Gorilla Glass 3. Overall, MetaShield reports that its coating improves the break resistance of untempered glass by 83% in blunt impacts and 100% in sharp impact. For Gorilla Glass 3, the coating improves the break resistance by 222% in blunt impact and 150% in sharp impact. You can download the full independent testing report at www.bit.ly/MetaShieldreport. MetaShield originally started working on coatings several years ago to increase the efficiency of solar panels, and actually developed a coating that could boost the efficiency of triple junction solar cells by 1%, which is a rather significant boost. MetaShield\'s nanoparticle-based coating enhances the impact resistance of glass in products such as car windshields, mobile devices, eyeglasses, and many more. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Lauren Robson Photography; Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Then, two and a half years ago, the company found the coatings\' effects on glass-almost by accident, he says. And because of the widespread applications and potential with glass, MetaShield has grown and diversified its coatings\' potential applications. \"Something is happening in advanced materials right now-things are starting to percolate,\" Ben-Dayan says. \"For many years, physical objects like automobiles remained largely the same. But now they\'re changing. We\'re creating things that are much better, thanks to all discoveries with advanced materials. And MetaShield is part of that. To be continued.\" ACers journals increase impact-5 highlights from Clarivate\'s latest Journal Impact Factor report The recently released 2018 Journal Impact Factor (JIF) report from Clarivate shows the increasing influence of the American Ceramic Society\'s journals and Bulletin in the field of ceramic science and engineering. According to Clarivate, the Impact Factor is a journal-level metric and represents the average number of times a journal\'s articles were cited in a given year for articles published during the previous two years. The 2018 report contains journal articles that were cited in 2017. The most important highlights from this year\'s report include: • All ACerS publications have higher impact factors than last year • The International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology moved up three spots in the category ranking and has returned to the top 10 of the category • The Journal of the American Ceramic Society continues to be the most cited journal in the category, with nearly 42,000 citations in 2017 Glass Science garnered nearly 50% more citations than it had in 2016 • ACerS Bulletin also moved up three spots in the category AMERICAN The data further demonstrates that ACerS publications have enduring quality. All long-term metrics including cited half-life (the mid-point \"age\" of the cited chemet CORPORATION Cupric Oxide Blue and Red Glazes and Glass Ferrites Copper Granules Iron Spot Brick Cuprous Oxide Blue Glass and Glaze Zinc Oxide For Ferrite, Brick, Fibre Glass www.chemet.com sales@chemet.com • The International Journal of Applied Downloaded from bulletin-archive ferm.6 | www.ceramics.org 5 Onews & trends Journal American Ceramic Society WILEY JACers continues to be the most cited journal in its category in the Journal Impact Factor report. Credit: Wiley articles) and 5-year impact factor all increased as well. In addition, all publications had higher \"immediacy index\" values. This item measures citations in 2017 of articles published in 2017. In other words, not only do ACerS publications have lasting influence, but they continue to publish highly relevant articles that are getting noticed earlier. It is important to note that ACerS made many significant changes to its journal publishing scheduling in late 2017. Due to the highly lagging nature of the JIF, these changes did not affect the 2017 impact factors. We expect to see large improvements this time next year when the 2019 report is issued-and even bigger changes in 2020. US DOE funds $106 million in new energy projects The federal government recently announced funding for two initiatives of the Department of Energy within a week of each other. High-temperature concentrating solar power technology The DOE is awarding $72 million for projects that focus on high-temperature concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. CSP is a technology that uses mirrors to reflect sunlight for collection and conversion into heat, according to a DOE press Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org release. The energy is also stored and used for electricity when needed. The DOE has already selected three organizations that will compete in its Generation 3 CSP program over a twoyear period to build The U.S. Department of Energy is spending $106 million to fund a thermal energy solar energy projects plus small business R&D to advance the system to \"efficiently DOE\'s mission. receive solar heat and deliver it to a working fluid at greater than 700°C temperature while incorporating thermal energy storage.\" The finalist will get an additional $25 million over the next three years to design and build a test facility for next generation CSP technology. Eight other organizations will split nearly $14 million in additional funding to develop technology that supports the DOE\'s goal of an integrated testing site. In addition, DOE is awarding $10 million to seven national lab partners to support this initiative. To learn more about the project and awardees, visit www.bit.ly/ DOECSPfunding. Small business research and development grants The DOE also is awarding $34 million in grants to 183 businesses in 41 states through its Small Business Business news Corning opens world\'s largest LCD glass substrate facility in China (www.corning. com)... Kyocera develops new coating technology and base material to improve steel machining (www.kyocera.com) . Electric vehicles: Australia\'s Kidman Resources will supply lithium to Tesla (www.roskill.com) ... Growing panes: will smart glass stimulate mineral demand? (www.indmin.com) ... Buehler obtains ISO certification for Vickers and Knoop reference hardness testing blocks (www. buehler.com)... Goodfellow offers new line of additive manufacturing materials and services (www.goodfellowusa.com) ... Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer programs, according to a recent news release. The 219 grants are earmarked for Phase I research and development. Phase I grants will give small businesses the opportunity to participate and compete in research and innovation to advance the DOE\'s mission. Although the grants are only for a period of 6-12 months, the median award amount is $150,000, according to the release. If successful, Phase I grant recipients would be able to participate in Phase II in 2019, the next level in the competition. With a median award amount of $1,000,000 and up to a two-year duration, Phase II grant recipients will be able to further develop their research into actual prototypes and procedures. To see the list of eight specific grants from the respective DOE offices, visit www.bit.ly/DOESBgrants. Dynamic Glass expands to Austin with Berry Glass acquisition (www.usglassmag.com) ...AR glass targets broader field of view (www.osa-opn.org)...US bank backs first float manufacturing plant in Nigeria (www. glass-international.com) ... Micromeritics Instrument Corp. acquires Freeman Technology (www.micromeritics.com) Şişecam Group acquires its second flat glass manufacturing facility in Italy (www. usglassmag.com) ... ZEISS unveils next generation of ophthalmic laser VISULAS green at World Ophthalmology Congress (www.zeiss.com) www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Sandia Labs, National Solar Thermal Test Facility; Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Oacers spotlight Society and Division news Welcome new corporate partners! ACerS is pleased to welcome Imerys Aluminates as the newest Diamond Corporate Partner, and Almatis Premium Alumina and Harbison Walker International as the two newest Sapphire Corporate Partners Diamond Corporate Partners IMERYS Aluminates Sapphire Corporate Partners ALMATISHWI PREMIUM ALUMINA HarbisonWalker International ACerS Corporate Partnership program offers member companies the benefits of individual membership plus marketing and educational opportunities for company employees. To learn how your company can gain exposure to a global audience through the Corporate Partnership program, contact Kevin Thompson, membership director, at (614) 794-5894 o kthompson@ceramics.org. or Please support our corporate partners, who can be found on the Corporate Partner roster page on ACerS website at www.bit.ly/CPRoster. ACerS names 2018-2019 Board and Division officers The new slate of ACerS officers is official. There were no contested offices and no write-in candidates, automatically making all nominees \"elected.\" ACerS rules eliminate the need to prepare a ballot or hold an election when only one name is submitted for each office. The new term will begin October 18, 2018, at the conclusion of MS&T. (Biographies of the President-elect and Board of Directors appeared in the June/ July ACerS Bulletin.) ACers Board of Directors To serve a one-year term from October 18, 2018 to October 3, 2019 President-Sylvia Johnson President-elect-Tatsuki Ohji Parliamentarian-Stephen Freiman KYOCERA: A leading global manufacturer of Fine Ceramics Material Technology Process Technology Design Technology Measurement Evaluation Technology For more information please contact fcsales@kyocera.com or visit global.kyocera.com/prdct/fc/ 9 Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.6 | www.ceramics.org KYOCERA 7 acers spotlight Society and Division news (continued) To serve a two-year term from October 18, 2018 to October 8, 2020 Treasurer-Stephen Houseman To serve three-year terms from October 18, 2018 to October 21, 2021 Mario Affatigato John Kieffer Jingyang Wang DIVISION AND CLASS OFFICERS Art, Archaeology, and Conservation Science Division Chair: Blythe McCarthy Vice chair: Patricia Marie McGuiggan Secretary: Glenn Gates Treasurer: Marie Jackson Trustee: Ed Fuller Basic Science Division Chair: Paul Salvador Chair-elect: John Blendell Vice chair: Kristen Brosnan Secretary: Yiquan Wu Bioceramics Division Chair: Steven Jung Chair-elect: Roger Narayan Vice chair: Julian Jones Secretary: Ashutosh Goel Cements Division Chair: David Corr Chair-elect: Denise Silva Secretary: Shiho Kawashima Trustee: Maria Juenger MOUNT KILIMANJARO CONGRATULATIONS YOU ARE NOW AT UHURU PEAK TANZANIA 5895N/19341Ft AMSL AFRICA\'S HIGHEST P WORLD\'S HIGHEST FREE-ST The ADRES American Ceramic Society ITA G MOUNTAIN ES Reimanis climbs Mount Kilimanjaro, affirms ACerS membership ACerS Fellow Ivar Reimanis recently climbed to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa, after reaching the summit of Mount Denali in 2016. \"ACerS provides great opportunities for career growth accomplished through activities like leadership and volunteer opportunities,\" he says, [and] \"creates opportunities to stay in touch with the younger materials generation. It also gives me a good excuse to climb mountains!\" Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Education and Professional Development Council Co-chair: Marissa Reigel Co-chair: Janet Callahan Electronics Division Chair: Rick Ubic Chair-elect: Jon lhlefeld Vice chair: Alp Sehirlioglu Secretary: Claire Xiong Secretary-elect: Jenny Andrew Trustee: Steven Tidrow Engineering Ceramics Division Chair: Manabu Fukushima Chair-elect: Surojit Gupta Vice chair/Treasurer: Valerie Wiesner Secretary: Hisayuki Suematsu Trustee: Michael Halbig Glass & Optical Materials Division Chair: Liping Huang Chair-elect: Jincheng Du Vice chair: John Mauro Secretary: Sabyasachi Sen Manufacturing Division Chair: Keith DeCarlo Chair-elect: Matthew Creedon Vice chair: Steven Jung Secretary: TBD Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division Division chair: Cory Trivelpiece Vice chair: Phil Edmondson Secretary: Kyle Brinkman Advisor: Kevin Fox Refractory Ceramics Division (term begins March 2018) Chair: Simon Leiderman Vice chair: Ashley Hampton Secretary: Steven Ashlock Trustee: Louis J. Trostel, Jr. Structural Clay Products Division (term begins March 2018) Chair: Luke Odenthal Chair-elect: Mike Walker Vice chair: Jed Lee Secretary: Holly Rohrer Trustee: John Dowdle www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS FOR POWDER COMPACTION Gasbarre | PTX-Pentronix | Simac GASBARRE ELECTRIC PRESSES Precision & Efficiency with a Light Footprint Names in the news Callahan named engineering dean at Michigan Tech Janet Callahan was named dean of Michigan Technological University\'s College of Callahan Engineering. She was previously chair and professor of the Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering at Boise State University. Callahan serves on ACerS Education and Professional Development Council. Myers presented with lifetime achievement award Marquis Who\'s Who presented Ronald E. Myers with the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award. The award recognizes individuals for outstanding achievements, leadership qualities, career successes, and noteworthy accomplishments. As principal and owner of Myers Consulting Services, Myers provides technical expertise to a variety of chemistry and materials science industries. Myers HYDRAULIC PRESSES Simple to Complex Parts, Intuitive & Flexible Setup MONOSTATIC AND DENSOMATIC ISOSTATIC PRESSES Featuring Dry Bag Pressing GASBARRE 590 Division Street | DuBois, PA 15801 814.371.3015 | press-sales@gasbarre.com www.gasbarre.com PRESS GROUP Discover the potentials of Advanced Ceramics CeramTec High-Performance Ceramics open up new potentials in a wide range of applications worldwide, such as in medical technology, the automotive industry, electronics, energy and environmental technology, and mechanical and plant engineering. We will take you further. www.ceramtec.com Downloaded from bulletin-archive ferm.6 | www.ceramics.org CeramTec THE CERAMIC EXPERTS 9 acers spotlight Society and Division news (continued) Biomaterials for healthcare subject of workshop Endorsed by Credit: Nandita Keshavan Do you qualify for Emeritus member status? If you will be at least 65 years old by December 31, 2018 and will have 35 years of continuous membership in ACerS, you are eligible for Emeritus status. Emeritus members enjoy waived membership dues and reduced meeting registration rates. To verify eligibility, contact Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org. Attendees at the New Materials for Healthcare: Ideas Generation Workshop learned of the many challenges and research opportunities in a variety of healthcare fields. The Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore) and Tata Steel New Materials Business (Jharkhand) hosted a workshop, \"New Materials for Healthcare: Ideas Generation Workshop” at Hotel Oberoi, Bangalore, India, on May 6, 2018. The purpose was to understand challenges ACerS board approves three new Sections ACerS Board of Directors approved three petitions to establish new Sections at its May 2018 meeting. The newlyapproved Sections include: Central Ohio Section, Washington DC/Maryland/ Northern Virginia Section, and Dayton/ Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Section. For more information, contact the Section leaders listed on the U.S. Section page of ACerS website. Interested in helping to establish a new ACerS Section in your area? Contact Belinda Raines, outreach manager at braines@ceramics.org. ACerS establishes new international chapter in Germany ACerS Board of Directors approved establishment of an international chapter in Germany. Officers are Sanjay Mathur, chair; Yakup Gönüllü, vice Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org faced by practicing clinicians involving biomaterials. Attendees heard presentations from experts in orthopedics, dentistry, neurosurgery, ear, nose and throat, and urology, which highlighted muchneeded solutions and the magnitude of research opportunities. chair; Emanuel Ionescu, secretary; and Thomas Fischer, treasurer. The new Germany Chapter serves ACerS members in or near cities of Cologne, Bonn, Aachen, Dusseldorf, and Dortmund, and joins other international chapters in Canada, India, Italy, and the United Kingdom. ACerS offers special MS&T registration for Distinguished Life, Senior, and Emeritus members ACerS offers complimentary MS&T18 registration for Distinguished Life Members and reduced registration for Senior and Emeritus members. These special offers are only available through ACerS and are not offered on the MS&T registration site. Download registration forms at www.bit.ly/ SpecialMSTRates and submit to Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics. org by August 15, 2018. In memoriam Thomas Place Edward A. Starkey Marvin Tetenbaum Clarence E. Vance Dongming Zhu Some detailed obituaries can also be found on the ACers website, www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam. Awards and deadlines Upcoming nomination deadlines August 15, 2018 Engineering Ceramics Division secretary: Nominees will be presented for approval at the ECD annual business meeting at MS&T18 and included on ACerS spring 2019 division officer ballot. Submit nominations, including a short description of the candidate\'s qualifications to Soshu Kirihara, ECD nominating committee chair, Osaka University, kirihara@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp, Mrityunjay Singh, Ohio Aerospace Institute, mrityunjaysingh@oai.org, or Lisa M. Rueschhoff, Air Force Research Laboratory, lisa.rueschhoff.ctr@us.af.mi For more information, visit www.ceramics.org/divisions. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Awards and deadlines (continued) August 30, 2018 2019 Class of Society Fellows recognizes members who have made outstanding contributions to the ceramic arts or sciences through productive scholarship or conspicuous achievement in the industry or by outstanding service to the Society. Nominees shall be persons of good reputation who have reached their 35th birthday and who have been continuous members of the Society for at least five years. Visit www.bit.ly/ Society FellowsAward to download the nomination form. September 1, 2018 Varshneya Frontiers of Glass Lectures: The Frontiers of Glass Science and the Frontiers of Glass Technology lectures encourage scientific and technical dialogue in glass topics of significance that define new horizons, highlight new research concepts, or demonstrate potential to develop products and processes for the benefit of humankind. Both will be presented at the GOMD meeting in May 2019 in Boston, Mass. Submit nominations to Erica Zimmerman, ezimmerman@ceramics.org. For more details visit www.bit.ly/VarshneyaLectures. January 15, 2019 ACerS and Morgan Advanced Materials present the Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award which recognizes a distinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and glass discipline. Nominees must have been members of the Global Graduate Researcher Network (GGRN) and have completed a doctoral dissertation as well as all other graduation requirements set by their institution for a doctoral degree within 12 months prior to application deadline. The award consists of a $1,000 nonorarium, certificate, and complimentary MS&T registration, and will be presented at the awards banquet at ACerS Annual Meeting at MS&T. Students and outreach Congratulations to 2018 GOMD student poster winners! The Glass & Optical Materials Division awarded best student poster prizes to the following winners at its annual meeting in May. Special thanks to Corning Inc. for sponsoring the annual contest. Graduate Student Posters 1st place: Hongshen Liu, Pennsylvania State University Effects of surface initial condition on aqueous corrosion of glass 2nd place: Michael Kindle, Washington State University Synthesis and characterization of modified vanadium glass cathodes 3rd place: Junjie Zhao, Zhejiang University and University of North Texas Phase separation in SiO₂-Al2O3-BaO-BaF₂ oxyfluoride glasses from molecular dynamics simulations A world leader in bioactive and custom glass solutions Mo-Sci offers a wide variety of custom glass solutions and will work with you to create tailored glass materials to match your application. Contact us today to discuss your next project. mo-sci.com/contact mo.sci CORPORATION www.mo-sci.com 573.364.2338 ISO 9001:2008 • AS9100C Downloaded from bulletin archief.6 | www.ceramics.org @moscicorp f @MoSciCorp linkedin.com/company/moscicorp in 11 acers spotlight Students and outreach (continued) Undergraduate Student Posters 1st place: James Brigham Clawson, Brigham Young University Multicomponent glass surface hydroxyl groups by temperature-resolved TOF-SIMS: Viability and challenges 2nd place: Taylor Mehmen, Coe College An anomaly in the glass transition widths of mixed alkali lithium cesium borate glasses 3rd place: Yue Zhai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Residual stress field around sharp indent Students Present your research at MS&T18 undergraduate student poster contest The undergraduate student poster contest allows students to present their undergraduate research experiences and improve communication skills. Entries must be the work of an undergraduate and completed during the student\'s undergraduate education. Work presented does not have to be performed at the student\'s home institution but could be from a project performed as part of a co-op experience, a summer internship, or Research Experience for Undergraduates project. First, second, and third place prizes are awarded in amounts of $250, $150, and $100, respectively. Winners will be announced at the student awards ceremony at MS&T18. To enter, submit your name, title of poster, and an abstract of no more than 100 words to Yolanda Natividad at ynatividad@ceramics.org before September 24, 2018. Submissions will be displayed at MS&T18 in the exhibit hall on Tuesday, October 16 and Wednesday, October 17 during regular expo hall hours. Ceramographic competition and Roland B. Snow Award The Roland B. Snow award promotes use of microscopy and microanalysis as tools in the scientific investigation of ceramic materials and is presented to Best of Show winner of the Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition at MS&T18. The Best of Show winner will be announced at the Sosman Lecture and the Basic Science Division business meeting and will receive $1,500 and a commemorative glass piece. Digital posters can be printed by the Basic Science Division at no charge. They also can be mailed to the organizer by October 5, 2018, or brought to the exhibit area at the venue on October 14, noon-5 p.m. For more information visit www.bit.ly/ RBSAward2018. ELCAN INDUSTRIES Advanced Screening | Toll Manufacturing | Expert Solutions ELCAN\'S HI-SIFTER ㅓ The Latest Breakthrough in Advanced Screening Technology. HI-SIFTER ✓ 100% Polished Stainless Steel Construction ✓ No Organic Contact Parts ✓ FDA Compliant ✓ Aerospace/Biomedical ✓ Quick Change Mesh ✓ Inert Gas Capabilities ✓ Explosion Proof Motor Mechanically Separate under 10 Micron (914) 381-7500 20 Marbledale Rd. Tuckahoe, NY 10707 www.ElcanIndustries.com Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Grad students: Advance your career with GGRN Build an international network of peers and contacts within the ceramic and glass community by joining ACerS Global Graduate Researcher Network. GGRN is an ACerS membership that addresses professional and career development needs of graduate-level research students who have a primary interest in ceramics and glass science. GGRN members receive all ACerS individual member benefits plus special events at meetings and free webinars on targeted topics relevant to the ceramic and glass graduate student community. Membership is only $30 per year. Visit www.ceramics.org/ ggrn to learn how GGRN can help further your career or contact Yolanda Natividad, ACerS member engagement manager, at ynatividad@ceramics.org Recent grads-Stay connected to your peers through special ACerS memberships ACerS offers a one-year Associate Membership at no charge for recent graduates who have completed their terminal degree. Start receiving immediate member benefits in the www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 world\'s premier membership organization for ceramics and glass professionals by visiting www.ceramics.org/associate. ACerS Young Professionals Network is designed for members who have completed their degree and are between 25-40 years old. Visit www.ceramics.org/ypn or contact Yolanda Natividad at ynatividad@ceramics.org. CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION Starbar and Moly-D elements are made in the U.S.A. with a focus on providing the highest quality heating elements and service to the global market. CGIF participates in USA\'s largest science festival CGIF staff members and volunteers participated in the 2018 USA Science & Engineering Festival in Washington, D.C., April 6-8. The festival was an exciting opportunity for STEM teachers, students, and families to visit CGIF\'s exhibit to learn about ceramic and glass science through fun, interactive demonstrations. More than 370,000 people attended the festival. Special thanks to those who volunteered their time to demonstrate science lessons and inspire young people to learn more about glass and ceramic science and materials: Babak Ashourirad, Victoria Blair, Yomery Espinal, Russell Maier, Carlie Moorehead, Taylor Shoulders, Miriam Silton, and James Wollmershauser. HWI and CGIF sponsor teacher workshop HarbisonWalker International is partnering with the CGIF and ACerS to provide a free Materials Science Workshop for Teachers on Wednesday, August 1, 2018, 9:00 a.m.-3 p.m. at HWI\'s Advanced Technology & Research Center, 1001 Pittsburgh-McKeesport Boulevard, West Mifflin, Pa. The workshop will help 7th-12th-grade teachers bring materials science education into their classrooms through the CGIF\'s Materials Science Classroom Kit. The kit makes materials science concepts relevant, interesting, and fun for young adults. The hands-on demonstrations and labs are a proven way of getting students interested in subject matter they will need to know as they prepare to enter the high-tech workforce of today. Each workshop participant will receive a Materials Science Classroom Kit and \"The Magic of Ceramics\" book ($250 value), sponsored by HWI. For registration information see www.bit.ly/MSTWorkshop2018. Downloaded from bulletin archive frame. 6 | www.ceramics.org IR -- Over 50 years of service and reliability 53 1964 - 2017 I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511 Fax: (716)542-2100 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com www.isquaredrelement.com The American Ceramic Society Accredited Nadcap Materials Testing Laboratory ANAB ACCREDITED 150/IEC 17025 TESTING LABORATORY materials testing trusted Chemical Testing of Ceramics (Bulk and Trace Analysis) Alumina Boron Carbide Boron Nitride Chrome Oxide Magnesium Oxide Silica Silicon Carbide Titanium Dioxide Zinc Oxide Zirconia Rare Earth Oxides And more... Trust NSL, contact us at NSLanalytical.com/Ceramics or call 877.560.3875 PMSL ANALYTICAL Technology | Turnaround 4450 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128 Trust 13 International Rhine Ceramic Round Table Internatio Rhine Ro Table 20 Emerging Fronti Materials and Cer 74 July 2 Group photo of Round Table attendees: Kwang-Ho Kim (Busan National University, Korea), Taejin Hwang (KITECH, Korea), Eduard Saiz Gutierrez (ACerS UK Chapter), Witold Gulbinski (Technical University, Koszalin, Poland), Joachim Heym (president, German Ceramic Society), Uwe Schulz (DLR, Cologne), Thomas Fischer (University of Cologne, Germany), Bruce Koel (Princeton University, USA), Tatsuki Ohji (president-elect, ACerS & AIST Japan), Monica Ferraris (ACers Chapter, Italy), Alexander Michaelis, (Fraunhofer IKTS, Germany), Sanjay Mathur (organizer, University of Cologne, Germany), Mrityunjay Singh (past president, ACerS), Moritz von Witzleben (president, ECerS), Yogendra Mishra (CAU, Kiel), Mustafa Uergen (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey), Girish Kale (University of Leeds, UK), Hidehiro Kamiya (Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Japan). University of Col By Sanjay Mathur and Thomas Fischer Moritz von Witzleben Moritz von Witzleben (president, ECers; left) explains European ceramic societies\' international strategy; Witold Gulbinski (right). Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Mathur, University of Cologne W ith the aim of catalyzing a dialogue among professional ceramic societies through both formal and familiar channels, the first International Rhine Ceramic Round Table was organized on July 7th, 2017 at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Discussions targeted promoting international collaboration to better address the educational and professional needs of younger researchers in ceramic science and engineering. The need for new ideas and thinking was unanimously endorsed by the representatives of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS), the European Ceramic Society (ECerS), German Ceramic Society (DKG), German Materials Society (DGM), as well as representatives from ACerS chapters in Britain (Imperial College London) www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 IDNI International Rhine Round Table 2017 Emerging Frontiers is Materials and Ceramics tion (e.g., jointly organized symposia or endorsement of sponsorships), and how to address the pressing need of internationalization and diversity. Mrityunjay Singh (past president, ACerS; center) highlights ACerS international strategy to Alexander Michaelis, (vice president, German Ceramic Society; left) and Joachim Heym president, German Ceramic Society; right) and Italy (Politechnico di Torino), who were invited to the Round Table to discuss, share, and coordi nate ideas and initiatives on promoting ceramic science and technology at an international and interdisciplinary level. This Round Table was embedded in the 6th Advanced Materials Challenges for Alternative Energy Solutions Workshop and Summer School at the University of Cologne, Germany. Officers and members of represented professional societies and organizations addressed several crucial topics: how to enhance collaboration among the professional societies to offer a unique value proposition to members and volunteers, how to harness the potential existing with individual societies through active cooperation without diluting the impact of ongoing efforts, how to increase visibility of different societies through intersociety cooperaAttracting young scientists early in their careers and keeping them actively engaged with professional societies is a major issue faced by all societies. Members expect more globalized perspectives, while maintaining national and regional activities with the motto \"think global and act local.\" Participants emphasized the need to identify and jointly promote ceramic science and technology apart from academic and industrial requirements, to reach out to the interested public, as well as schools and other educational institutions to raise awareness of the impact of ceramics in daily life. Participants discussed how new initiatives such as the international chapters of ACerS jointly recognized by European and/or national organizations and viceversa could serve as nodal points for bringing together academia and industry and in promoting young scientists. The local host, Sanjay Mathur, says \"more active collaboration among professional societies and formalization of such cooperative relationships could bring excellent leverage in terms of both international partnerships and more value to the members of the individual societies.\" Credit: Mathur, University of Cologne ECerS president, Moritz von Witzleben, says the European Ceramic Society is interested in \"creating more synergies through mutually benefiting partnerships that would reward the members of the global ceramics community for their engagement.\" This Round Table, with globally acclaimed professional voices, initiated an important discussion on the most critical challenges of science and technology of functional materials and ceramics. More importantly, this expert group underlined the role of professional societies in enabling open innovation and global collaboration for augmenting professional recognition and visibility of the field. All panel members and attendees agreed to maintain a more thorough and continuous exchange and supported the agenda “act locally, connect globally\" with the aim of increasing the value proposition for members and catering to the pressing needs of diversity and internationalization. For more information, contact Sanjay Mathur at sanjay.mathur@uni-koeln.de. Sanjay Mathur (University of Cologne; front) explains the importance of serving the different needs and demands of current and future members and connecting the global ceramic community. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics, 0.6 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society No. 15 Credit: Mathur, University of Cologne Oceramics in energy\'Pickled\' electrolyte improves Li-ion batteries Despite ample research, increasing energy storage capacity for longer lasting, higher performing lithium-ion batteries—a critical issue for electric vehicles technology-remains elusive. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy\'s Argonne National Laboratory recently discovered that a performanceenhancing additive mixed into a lithium-ion battery\'s electrolyte can suppress its decomposition. High-voltage cathode materials promote degradation of the electrolyte over time with charge and discharge cycles. Researchers used the additive trimethylsilyl phosphite (TMSPi), to modify \"the cathode surface by forming a protective layer that stalls the electrolyte decomposition,\" according to an Argonne National Laboratory news release. The scientists observed that a chemical derivative of TMPSiPF,OSiMe3-slowly formed when salt in the electrolyte reacted with the TMSPi and protected the cathode. They recognized the chemical process was similar to cucumbers fermenting in brine, that is, the same chemical process that goes into making dill pickles. According to senior materials scientist Daniel Abraham, this process decreases the electrical resistance that typically happens during battery charge-discharge cycling and allows for quicker charges and discharges. The PF₂OSiMe3 also reduces transition metal loss that occurs in the cathode as well as the parasitic oxidation currents during prolonged cell cycling, according to the team\'s paper. \"Battery performance actually improves as the TMPSi electrolyte additive ages,\" Abraham explains in the release. \"Key to success in this study was the identification of the origin of these beneficial effects.\" \"Now that we better understand the mechanism for the cathode-protective action by the phosphite,\" Abraham adds, \"we can be more systematic in finding new ways of achieving and improving this pickling of the electrolyte additive.\" For more, read “Chemical “pickling\" of phosphite additives mitigates impedance rise in Li ion batteries\" in The Journal of Physical Chemistry (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b02056). TT TevTech MATERIALS PROCESSING SOLUTIONS Custom Designed Vacuum Furnaces for: CVD SIC Etch & RTP rings CVD/CVI systems for CMC components ⚫ Sintering, Debind, Annealing Unsurpassed thermal and deposition uniformity Each system custom designed to suit your specific requirements Laboratory to Production Exceptional automated control systems providing improved product quality, consistency and monitoring Worldwide commissioning, training and service www.tevtechllc.com Tel. (978) 667-4557 100 Billerica Ave, Billerica, MA 01862 Fax. (978) 667-4554 sales@tevtechllc.com Thermcraft incorporated eXPRESS-LINE Laboratory Furnaces & Ovens • Horizontal & Vertical Tube Furnaces, Single and Multi-Zone • Box Furnaces & Ovens • Temperatures up to 1700°C • Made in the U.S.A. • Available within Two Weeks Pickled electrolyte molecules (PF₂OSiMe3) binding to reaction centers on the cathode surface. For the ball-and-stick molecules attached to cathode surface, olive green indicates phosphorus (P); purple, fluorine (F); red, oxygen (O); and structure above oxygen, SiMe3. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Credit: Argonne National Laboratory/Juan C. Garcia SmartControl Touch Screen Control System www.thermcraftinc.com • info@thermcraftinc.com +1.336.784.4800 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 After compression Before compression 8=9% E=10% -10% 12% =12% research briefs 25°C 200°C 400°C 500°C 600°C Advanced Energy Ow Optical Temperature Pyrometers Reduce risk. Increase quality. Maximize yield. SSS www SCR Power Controllers Credit: Purdue University/Jaehun Cho Enable precise, consistent, reliable performance in temperature-critical environments. A Purdue University team demonstrated plastic deformation of flash-sintered, nanograin YSZ. Ductile YSZ with flash-sintering Much of the buzz about flash sintering relates to rapid densification at low sintering temperatures. A research team at Purdue University (West Lafayette, Ind.) recently reported on an investigation into the mechanical properties of flashsintered yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Using an in situ, hightemperature nanomechanical testing technique, they observed YSZ micropillars exhibiting plastic deformation similar to metal deformation. Flash sintering involves applying an electric field during heat treatment and densifies YSZ within a few seconds. The team used nanoscale powders, and because densification occurs so fast, the nanograin structure persists into the sintered material. The team built micropillars and subjected them to microcompression tests in an SEM at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600°C. At room temperature samples sustained giant strain of 8% owing to strain-induced martensitic transformation toughening. However, once cracks nucleate, failure is inevitable and catastrophic. However, at 400°C, flash-sintered YSZ micropillars undergo a brittle-to-ductile transformation, which enables plastic deformation due to dislocation creep. According to the paper, \"The enhanced plasticity at elevated temperatures arises from the transition from phase transformation toughening to dislocation creep, as the dominant inelastic deformation mechanism due to the existence of a high density of dislocations... and/or early initiation of grain boundary sliding of ultra-fine grains.\" The work has urgent practical applications. \"YSZ is a very typical thermal barrier coating—it basically protects a metal core from heat,\" sayes Haiyan Wang, Purdue\'s Basil S. Turner Professor of Engineering in the release. “But it tends to suffer from a lot of fractures when an engine heats up and cools down due to residual stresses.\" Instead, says Jaehun Cho, a graduate research assistant in materials engineering, \"These dislocations will move under compression or tension, such that the material doesn\'t fail.” A comforting thought from the window seat at 30,000 feet. Downloaded from bulletin archive frame. 6 | www.ceramics.org Δ advanced-energy.com Höganäs H H.C.Starck Surface Technology and Ceramic Powders A part of the Höganäs Group High Quality Ceramic Powders, Expertise and Care for Customers H.C. Starck\'s Surface Technology and Ceramic Powders GmbH (STC) is now part of Höganäs AB. Together we will continue to invest and develop state-of-the-art powders for different industries and applications in automotive, aerospace, electronics, pyrotechnics, thermal management and many more. We are ready to partner with you to find the right material solution to satisfy your specific requirements. • Boron, Borides, Carbides, Nitrides, Silicides and other specialties Powders of consistent quality Customization of powders for customer specific applications Research and product development in line with technology trends www.hoganas.com 17 Matmatch research briefs Advanced Ceramics Suppliers: Learn about emerging opportunities and discover how to take advantage of them Visit matmat.ch/acers AdValue Technology Your Valuable Partner In Material Science! Tubing Sapphire Tubing Plate Powder Alumina Sample Pan Boat Sapphire Sample Pan Sapphire Substrates Alumina Crucible Alumina Powder & Parts Sapphire Products Powder Wool Crucible Tubing Custom The open access paper, published in Nature Communications, is \"High temperature deformability of ductile flash-sintered ceramics via in-situ compression\" (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-01804333-2). Two materials, one component with 3-D printing Additive manufacturing, or 3-D printing, has come a long way since the 1980s. Advances in technology have lowered barriers to entry and opened up opportunities for manufacturers in a variety of industries and applications. However, most 3-D components have been single-material structures. In new research, scientists from Washington State University have 3-D-printed a structure with two different materials. Led by Herman and Brita Lindholm Endowed Chair Professor in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Amit Bandyopadhyay, the research team printed a ceramic and metal structure as well as a bimetallic tube that is magnetic at one end and nonmagnetic at the other, according to a Washington State University news release. \"This is a step towards the next level of manufacturing and the next generation of design, validation, optimization, and manufac turing using 3-D printing,” Bandyopadhyay says in the release. \"You could be joining two very strong materials together, but their connection will only be as strong as their adhesive.\" \"Multimaterial, additive manufacturing helps get rid of the weak point,\" he says. The team used a nickel-chromium alloy (Inconel 718) and copper to make their sample component-in this case, an object that could be used in rockets or airplane engines. Using laser engineering net shaping (LENS), they 3-D laser-printed the two materials together, resulting in a final object containing critical properties of both materials: The high-temperature tolerance of nickel-chromium and the thermal conductivity of copper. Bandyopadhyay mentions that they are securing patents for their process. \"At present, there are a couple of U.S. patents that are pending based on our technology,” he writes in an email. Quartz from Sand to Wool & Fused Quartz Components Cerium Oxide Polishing Powders Agate Mortar UV Quartz Cuvettes Zirconia Crucibles Ceramic Membrane Other Supplies for Material Processing and Characterization Http://www.advaluetech.com Tel: 1-520-514-1100, Fax: 1-520-747-4024 Email: sales@advaluetech.com 3158 S. Chrysler Ave., Tucson, AZ 85713, U.S.A Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Multimaterial samples printed by Washington State University researchers. Multimaterial 3-D printed designs can eliminate the need for adhesives and allow for greater design variety and specificity. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Washington State University TETHON D Where will our materials take your business? Their research could have huge implications for additive manufacturing and could very well replace welding and other materials joining technologies. “Applications are very broad,” Bandyopadhyay says in his email. “Today, we use welding or brazing to make multi-materials parts. Our approach shows how to avoid such joining technologies and use a one-step process to make multi-material parts.” The paper, published in Additive Manufacturing, is \"Additive manufacturing of Inconel 718-Copper alloy bimetallic structure using laser engineered net shaping (LENS™)\" (DOI: 10.1016/j.addma. 2018.02.007). Shaping fused silica with \'Glassomer\' Genesis Genesis™ base resin blends with your ceramic or metal powders. Porcelite Vitrolièr Castalite Credit: Markus Breig, KIT Ceramic resins and powders compatible in most UV and binder-jet printers. TETHON3D.COM Glassomer can be milled, turned, lasered or processed in CNC machines-just like a conventional polymer Bastian Rapp and his research team at the NeptunLab interdisciplinary research group of KIT\'s Institute of Microstructure Technology created a hybrid material by mixing glass with liquid polymer to fabricate a solid, machinable nanocomposite. Called (what else?) \"Glassomer,\" the new material offers the strength of glass while behaving like a polymer. \"It has always been a big challenge to combine highly pure quartz glass and its excellent properties with a simple structuring technology,” Rapp says in a KIT news release. The researchers mixed 40 nm quartz glass particles with a liquid polymer, forming a consistency similar to sponge cake, according to the news release. Heat treatment and light exposure results in a 60/40 ratio of glass and polymer composite. Glassomer can be processed in machines “just like a conventional polymer\" the release states, enabling smaller, more intricate and detailed structures to be produced. Rapp\'s team fabricated small nuts, bolts, and diffractive optical elements. \"Our process is suited for mass production,” Rapp adds in the release. \"Production and use of quartz glass are much cheaper, more sustainable, and more energy-efficient than those of a special polymer.\" For more see \"Glassomer-Processing Fused Silica Glass Like a Polymer\" in Advanced Materials (DOI: 10.1002/ adma.201707100). Downloaded from bulletin-archive ferm.6 | www.ceramics.org India\'s leading refractory R&D, technology & training center, recognized by SIRO, Department of Science & Technology, Govt of India, and with 50 patents to its credit, is calling for partnerships & alliances in the field of: • Raw material R&D (mineral beneficiation & composites) Study & analysis of interaction of refractory with different materials in manufacturing of Iron, Steel, Glass, Cement, Copper, Nickel, Aluminum etc. (e.g. simulations, slag-refractory, metal-refractory interaction in different atmospheric conditions) • Physical, chemical, thermo-mechanical, pyro-chemical & mineralogical evaluation including refractory failure analysis Email us at info@dalmiainstitute.in or call +91-9437046494 today! DALMIA INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH Rajgangpur - 770017, Distt. Sundargarh, Odisha, INDIA 19 9-10 OCTOBER, 2018 AM CERAMICS VIENNA REGISTER TODAY AT: www.am-ceramics.dkg.de The key event for additive manufacturing of high-performance ceramics that gives you the opportunity to connect with 3D-printing professionals from all over the world. For more information write or call us: +43 1 934 66 12 210 or team-uk@lithoz.com DIGITAL PRESS INC DIGITAL PRESS USA 90 South Commerce Way Suite 340 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017 The Digital Press PowderMate CNC Hydraulic Powder Compaction Press has been in service for over 43 years with a reputation of longevity, dependability and increased productivity. Available in 15, 40, 80, 150, 250, 350, and 550 tons with 800 and 1,200-ton machines available in mid-2019 Sharing the same genealogy, we upgrade Mannesmann, Bussmann, Alpha and Sutinen presses to perform as a new Powder-Mate. Telephone: +1.610.758.9680 Fax: +1.610.758.8510 sales@digitalpressusa.com www.DigitalPressUSA.com ●ceramics in the environment Vitrification process turns radioactive waste into durable glass for safe disposal Safe storage and disposal of nuclear waste is an ongoing concern for nuclear power, but also at nuclear research and production facilities. For example the Hanford Nuclear Site (Columbia River region, Wash.) was established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project to produce plutonium. Plutonium production ceased in the 1980, and now 56 million gallons of radioactive waste reside in 177 underground tanks. Researchers at the Department of Energy\'s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have been working on vitrification processing for disposing of the low-level radioactive waste in those underground tanks. Vitrification of radioactive waste into glass showed promise with simulated waste. PNNL researchers demonstrated vitrification of three gallons of actual tank waste-an important first step toward disposing of the plutonium waste. \"This was the first time low-activity Hanford tank waste has been vitrified in a continuous process, very similar to the treatment process that will be used at Hanford, rather than as a single batch,\" glass scientist with DOE\'s Office of River Protection Albert Kruger says in a PNNL news release. \"The experience from this test will help us as we prepare for full-scale operations.\" The researchers melted liquid waste with silica and glass-forming materials in a melter at 2,100°F and produced 20 pounds of glass in 20 hours. \"This successful test confirms the science and engineering approach,\" Will Eaton, PNNL lead for the vitrification demonstration, says in the release. \"Seeing actual Hanford low-activity waste being converted to glass is really exciting. It ties together 20 years of work from the design and construction of the Waste Treatment Plant to the research and testing that has supported that effort.\" is The researchers plan to conduct another vitrification test later this year, using waste from another tank on the premises. Their test part of a larger effort at Hanford to send low-activity waste from tank farms directly to a vitrification facility through a system currently under construction, called Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste (DFLAW). Scientists melt radioactive waste into glass in a test platform at PNNL designed to mimic Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste system being constructed at Hanford. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory O IMFORMED insights A snapshot of ceramic and glass raw material markets and trends from a non-metallic minerals industry expert. Mike O\'Driscoll Director, IMFORMED Mineral recycling is evolving fast One of the fastest evolving sectors of the ceramic raw materials industry is that of recycling minerals, or sourcing \"secondary raw materials.\" The primary drivers of environmental pressure and scarcity of certain mineral resources is reshaping the traditional mineral supply chain. Instead of having a mineral deposit as the main source, traders and consumers are now considering securing specific industrial waste streams to be carefully processed in order to reclaim a range of mineral products. This trend has created the pursuit of new alliances between waste producers and recyclers, as well as supporting increasing development and marketing of processing and sorting technology to facilitate successful recycling. IMFORMED\'s Mineral Recycling Forum has taken the spotlight to this fast growing industry since 2016. This year\'s conference took place in Cologne March 15-16, 2018, where international delegates networked and discussed the latest trends and developments in recycling steel waste, refractories, foundry chromite sand, salt, phosphorus, and fly ash. The conference was preceded by a well-attended and quite exceptional one-day tour of recycling leader Horn & Co. Group\'s facilities at Weitefeld, Hunsborn, and Siegen. Delegates were able to see first-hand how steel and refractory waste was expertly sorted (by both hand and laser based sensor system (LIBS)), crushed, sized, and MINERAL FORUM 2018 OG packaged ready for customer delivery. Of particular interest was the state-of-the-art analytical laboratory at Hunsborn as well as the operational LIBS unit at Siegen. \"Circularity without sustainability is stillborn\" Proceedings were opened by the keynote \"The role of industrial minerals in the circular economy\" by Roger Doome, secretary general, IMA-Europe, Belgium. Doome explained how the circularity of the industrial mineral sector was driven by resource optimization, functional recycling, and recovery of secondary raw materials. However, he stressed that \"Industrial mineral recycling and re-use alone will not be sufficient to meet the demand for raw materials. Circularity without sustainability is stillborn.\" Doome went on to detail industrial minerals use in certain sectors with a view to future recycling, such as in renewable energy, mobile phones, and transport highlighting the EU Raw Materials Initiative and the 2018 measures for \"An Ambitious EU Circular Economy Package.\" Waste valorization examples included limestone processing waste slurry (calcite, wollastonite, dolomite, and silicates) used as filter sand and kaolin waste used to make lightweight materials for construction. According to Doome, today the industrial minerals sector estimates that Downloaded from bulletin archive cera 6 | www.ceramics.org up to 50% of all minerals consumed in Europe are recycled along with the steel, glass, paper, plastic, and concrete they are used in. He concluded: \"Industrial minerals consumption would increase by 50% in the absence of functional recycling. Recycling should be sustainable.\" Refractory recycling \"Building a refractory recycling business through the use of PDCA/SDCA methodology\" by Mario López, recycling specialist, RHI Magnesita, outlined Brazilian environmental policy and regulations and South American refractory recycling rates, before detailing the methodology involved in creating a sound refractory recycling system. The results spoke for themselves, with vastly increased recycling volumes and 2017 targets either hit or exceeded. The 2018 action plan includes projects on developing supply and production chains for mag-carbon recycling in Brazil and mag-spinel recycling in Argentina. In Brazil, total spent refractories are estimated at 50,000 tpa. In 2016, RHI Magnesita recycled 15,500 tonnes. Since the beginning of the project in 2016, some 50,000 tonnes of spent MgO refractories have been recycled, equivalent to 98,000 tonnes of magnesite ore and 3,500 litres of fuel. In \"RHI Magnesita refractory recycling: The past and the future\" Michael Postmann, RHI Magnesita recycled refractory consumption Approx. 100,000 tpa 14% 7% 13% 15% ■ Europe ■ India ■ SAM 51% ■China NAM Source: Michael Postmann, RHI Magnesita (2018) CIMFORMED 2018 | imformed.com 21 IMFORMED insights (continued) recycling manager, RHI Magnesita, presented a very frank review of where the company is now and where it wants to be in refractory recycling. At present, RHI Magnesita possesses only limited crushing/drying capacity for recycling material at various plant sites, and there is no single plant with a sole focus on refractory recycling. Postmann said: \"Use of recycling material is limited due to quality and econom ics, and RHI Magnesita is using at present around 100,000 tpa of recycling materials in its own products globally.\" Looking ahead, Postmann said that RHI Magnesita aims to gain access and participate in sourcing of alternative raw materials, to open its product portfolio to use more recycled materials, and develop new products for recycled materials. A very comprehensive review of Sidenor\'s strategy and activities was presented by David Maza, R&D - knowledge group leader, Sidenor in \"Refractory waste valorisation under Sidenor steel plant strategy\" This was illustrated by some superb images and a memorable video clip of a spent refractory wreck-out of a steel ladle. Maza reviewed the last five years of the company\'s efforts in refractory waste management, demonstrating how best practices were consolidated in 2014-15, the ISOVAL (isostatic refractory valorisation, eg. nozzles, stoppers, LS tubes) project of 2015-16, to the pursuit of excellence in recycling by 2017. Today, Sidenor is using emergency ladles totally lined with recycled bricks and manufacturing higher value added products from recycled isostatic refractories, such as LS tubes. Foundry sand reclamation Another important area of recycling in the metallurgical industry is with foundry sands. Chris Wilding, sales director, Omega Foundry Machinery Ltd. provided an excellent summary in \"Chromite sand reclamation from foundry waste.\" SECOPTA laser sensor sorting Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Design of sorting plant Operating area ⚫ Material feed ⚫ Control station copta\'s LBS unit at Hom & Co Group, Siegen Wilding started with an overview of the chromite sand market, underlining, with a view to the enhanced value of recycling foundry sands, the rather stark outlook of a potential chrome ore deficit of up to one million tonnes in the short to medium term, driven by burgeoning stainless steel demand. With increased interest in recycling chromite foundry sands for obvious reasons, Wilding explained that for foundry sands to be recycled, a good separation process is required to give >98% purity in the final product. Omega\'s process uses a combination of medium and high intensity drum magnets, plus a density separator. Up to 99% purity of chromite sand is achieved with this system, and the sand can be re-used in the foundry from 50% up to 75%. The separated silica sand can also be reused. Wilding commented that the chromite becomes more magnetic as it is Sidenor Basauri plant refractory waste generation zones PLATES Y NOZZLES EAF BRICKS LADLE BRICKS LLED Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org VACUUM SHIELD REFRACTORY TUNDISH REFRACTORIES reused, so it is eventually removed by the ferrite magnet. Of significance for future potential \"resources\" of chromite foundry sand, Wilding said: \"We can also start looking at recovering previously dumped chromite/silica sand deposits in landfill sites.\" He revealed that Omega was already involved in conducting such work at a site in Turkey. LIBS sensors Pneumatic actuators. MFORMED 2018 Linded.com Sorting with laser sensors Already familiar to those delegates on the earlier Horn field trip, “Maximising value in recycling: Mining and metal applications by fast inline elemental analysis (LIBS)\" by Dr. Christian Bohling, general manager, SECOPTA Analytics GmbH, provided the science and development behind this state-of-the-art laser sensor sorting system. Bohling introduced the basics of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), an innovative universal elemental analysis technique. \"For fast inline measurements without sample preparation, LIBS is much more precise than other process measurement techniques like XRF or neutrons,\" Bohling said. LIBS is extremely fast, achieving >350 measurements/second, and can be used under harsh industrial environmental conditions for sorting primary and secondary raw materials, such as refractory bricks at Horn\'s Siegen facility. About the author Mike O\'Driscoll is director of IMFORMED and has over 30 years\' experience in the industrial minerals business. IMFORMED provides conferences and market research for the industrial minerals industry. The latest trends and developments in Chinese & East Asian refractory and abrasive mineral supply and demand will be discussed at China Refractory & Abrasive Minerals Forum 2018, Shanghai, September 10-12, 2018. For details see imformed.com or contact mike@imformed.com. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 (a) (b) Credit: NASA O bulletin | cover story To infinity and beyond: Outer space applications of 3-D ceramics printed via ink jet methods Figure 1. (a) NASA\'s Resource Prospector prototype utility vehicle in the rock yard of NASA Johnson Space Center. (b) Resource Prospector can drill into the ground to collect soil samples. Colonizing the moon or Mars will require small, functional ceramic components. Additive manufacturing using \"local\" soils may be an efficient way to get them there. Table 1. Weight percentages of oxides for lunar and Martian soils Average Apollo 15 lunar soil Average Pathfinder Martian soil (weight%) (APXS data) (weight%) Oxide SiO2 46.61 42.3 TiO2 1.36 1.0 Al2O3 17.18 8.0 FeO 11.62 20.1 MgO 10.46 8.7 CaO 11.64 6.5 Na²0 0.46 1.1 K₂O 0.20 0.6 P₂O5 0.19 1.0 MnO 0.16 0.5 Cr₂03 0.25 0.3 SO3 6.8 Additional Cl content: 0.6 By David Crenshaw, Patrick Cigno, Phillip Kurtis, Gerry Wynick, Xingwu Wang, Ryan Jeffrey, Carol Craig, Sam Deriso, and Jim Royston inders have been used in 3-D ceramic printing processes since the 1980s. For example, a 3-D printing process developed by Yoo et al.\' selectively prints latex binder after a layer of submicron alumina powder is spread evenly on a flat “table.” Binders also may be useful materials for printing 3-D ceramics on the moon and Mars using available materials, because adhesive materials are already routinely used by astronauts.² To achieve in situ resource utilization goals for space exploration missions, new techniques are needed to allow affordable and sustainable human exploration to deep-space destinations. For many manufacturing processes on earth, printed green bodies can be heat-treated in furnaces. However, for in situ manufacturing processes on the moon or Mars, selective laser or light sintering of 3-D parts may be more feasible than heat treatment in a furnace. Another important consideration is the ability to use materials present at the destination for necessary exploration and survival functions. In 2020, NASA will send a utility vehicle called \"Resource Prospector\" to the moon, where it will “drill” into the ground and collect soils (Figure 1).³ This expedition will provide useful information about the compositions of lunar (regolith) soils, although some information is already known from past missions. For average Apollo 15 soils with grain sizes of <1 mm, Table 1 shows tabulated weight percentages of metal oxides. 4-5 In addition, a NASA reference publication documents grain sizes of lunar soils. For example, Figure 2 plots weight percentage as a function of sieve size for soil sample No. 75080, showing that approximately 91% of grains have sizes of <1 mm. For Martian soils, weight percentDownloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, O. 6 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Bulletin, 23 Capsule summary TO INFINITY AND BEYOND Establishing exploratory bases on the moon or Mars will require small, functional ceramic components such as radiation detectors, humidity sensors, and chemical sniffers. Eventually, larger structural components will be needed to build human-worthy habitats. ages of compositions can be derived from alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) techniques, as illustrated in Table 1.7 Due to the extreme environment of space, materials used in space applications must be carefully designed and tested for their specific application. For example, adjusting fabrication conditions can vary the porosity of samples. Further, mixing alumina with frit or coating alumina with glazing materials forms additional glass phases, adding another dimension of control and variability to these materials. Exposing alumina to radiation similar to that of outer space will reduce its bulk electrical resistivity, while exposing glasses to radiation creates bubbles.9-11 Before considering 3-D printing ceramics from lunar or Martian simulant soils, we conducted binder jetting experiments with aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide, and sodium oxide materials. For these experiments, we focused on alumina-based materials because of their potential of use in small functional devices. 8-13 However, lunar or Martian soils are silica-based materiWeight% SHIP MACHINES, NOT SOILS Shipping components to outer space destinations is expensive and limits inventory on site. Additive manufacturing with “local” soils allows custom building of parts as needed. als, which we are currently preparing for future printing and analysis studies. Ink jetting simulant soils We used two commercially available ink jet printers-ExOne binder jetting machines Innovent and M-Flex-to compare material batches and techniques and to fabricate samples for radiation damage experiments aboard a scheduled outer space flight. Our working theory is that the binders will be used to 3-D print in space, as they are more suitable in low gravity or low atmosphere manufacturing environments. Although both printers are based on the same technology principles, the end uses are different. As far as this study is concerned, Innovent is used for small sample sizes and limited number of samples, while M-Flex is used for large sample sizes and more samples. When 3-D printers are sent on outer space missions, smaller printers will be favored because of their substantially lower shipping costs compared to larger printers. The printers can print one layer in 0.5-1.0 min, with a layer thickness of Weight vs. Sieve size 18 16 14 • 12 4 2 0 10 100 Sieve size (micrometer) 1000 10000 Credit: J. C. Graf and Xingwu Wang WILL IT WORK? Because of low gravity, binders will be essential, but how will they behave? How will 3-D-printed parts respond to the harsh radiation environments of outer space? An experiment scheduled for the International Space Station* plans to answer some of these questions. * ISS operates in low earth orbit. Figure 3. 3-D-printed ceramic object, with an outer diameter of ~5 cm, and height of ~3 cm. ~ 100 μm. Maximum dimensions for Innovent printed objects are 16 cm × 6.5 cm x 6.5 cm, while those for M-Flex are 40 cm × 25 cm × 25 cm. ExOne uses a \"solvent-based” binder that we used to print various objects. We printed various shapes, including discs, washers, bars, and simple sculptures. Figure 3 shows a cylindricalshaped object with different sized holes (outer diameter =~5 cm; height = ~3 cm), which can be used for humidity sensors and chemical sniffers. We prepared two batches of printing materials with different porosity distributions and glass phases in grain boundaries: batch A has a uniform porosity distribution, while batch B has denser sample surfaces than interiors. In terms of glass phases between alumina grain boundaries, batch A has relatively uniform distributions throughout, while batch B has more surface distributions than interior distributions. These differences may be useful for radiation damage testing. First, glass bubbles created by radiation on the surFigure 2. Weight percentages and sieve sizes for lunar soil No. 75080 (data from J. C. Graf, “Lunar Soils Grain Size Catalog”). Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: David Crenshaw Table 2. Frit composition Oxide frit Composition CaO 19.51% Na₂O 10.14% Al₂03 2.00% B₂O3 22.79% SiO2 45.56% Table 3. Heating profile Step Holding temperature Holding time Binder curing 185°C 8 hours Binder burnout 300°C 2 hours 400°C Firing temperature 1,500°C 3 hours 1 hour 200 μη faces of samples will be more apparent for samples from batch B than batch A. Second, reductions in resistivity caused by radiation will be more apparent for batch A than batch B. We prepared batch A from precursor materials composed of 80 wt% fused alumina (25 μm, Electro Abrasives) and 20 wt% calcia-borosilicate frits (400 mesh, Ferro 3134). Table 2 lists tabulated frit compositions. Table 3 shows the heating profile, with a heating rate of 5°C/min for each step. After the last step, the furnace was turned off and Figure 4. Scanning electron micrograph of a fracture surface of a batch A sample, prepared for testing the effects of outer space radiation. allowed to cool to room temperature. To prepare batch B, we used the same fused alumina as batch A to print 3-D objects, which were then dip-coated with clear glaze materials (56% boric acid, 3.44% soda ash, 8.94% whiting, 13.41% flint, and 17.88% EPK kaolin; SiO,, B₂O3, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and Fe2O3). Objects were heat-treated at a maximum temperature of 1,500 C. The role of glaze was two-fold: to create a denser surface than interior, so that samples can withstand vibration during lift-off from earth; and to create different glass phase distributions to obtain different radiation damage signatures, including creation of bubbles in glass phases and reductions in resistivity. The processing method for both batches is relatively cheaper and easier than other methods, such as hot isostatic pressing or melt infiltration. Our goal was to achieve appropriate surface or bulk porosity to allow testing in outer space while guaranteeing sample integrity during lift-off. 50μm A Credit: Gerry Wynick 5μm Figure 5. Higher magnification of a scanning electron micrograph charge contrast image showing a glassy phase (A), which will be monitored for the effects of radiation exposure, and a representative alumina grain (B) in a batch A sample. The area inside the rectangle is enlarged in Figure 6. Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, o 6.6 | www.ceramics.org Figure 6. Higher magnification scanning electron micrograph of batch A sample showing the area within the rectangle in Figure 5. 25 Credit: Gerry Wynick 10 CPS 25.2K 22,4K 19.6K 16.8K 14.0K 11.2K Al To infinity and beyond: Outer space applications of 3-D ceramics printed via ink jet methods 8.4K 5.6K 2.8K Na K Ca Ca 0.0K 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 keV Figure 7. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum of 3-D-printed batch A sample, showing Al, Si, Na, and O signatures. Credit: Gerry Wynick Mag HV WD Spot Sig 5/10/2017 50x 15.0 kV 11.1 mm 4.7 10 21 01 AM 1.0mmBillet 5 Figure 9a. Scanning electron micrograph of top view of a batch B sample. Scale bar represents 1 mm. Credit: Gerry Wynick c/s 7 5 SLEN TIXσ0 1200 1000 800 600 015 -Na KLL Binding energy (eV) -Ca2p3 -C1s 400 200 -A2P Figure 8. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of batch A sample, showing Al, Si, Na, Ca, O, and C signatures. Analysis of printed materials For batch A, the average porosity is 0.28±0.02, with a mass density of 2.56±0.06 g/cm². For batch B without dip coatings, the average porosity is 0.46±0.02, with a mass density of 1.34±0.03 g/cm². 14 Therefore, these porous materials could have space applications such as radiation detectors, humidity sensors, and chemical sniffers.8-13 Scanning electron microscopy images of batch A samples show the baseline condition of the 3-D-printed structure prior to testing in space. Figure 4 shows the typical pore size and distribution. A higher magnification charge contrast image in Figure 5 illustrates a glassy phase (labeled A) that will be monitored for the effects of radiation exposure and a representative alumina grain (labeled B). The area inside Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org the rectangle is shown at still higher magnification in Figure 6. Because this area is expected to experience the most change per unit volume due to radiation damage, we will monitor this area closely during in-flight testing. 9-11 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of batch A detected Al, Si, Na, and O signatures (Figure 7). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the same sample revealed Al, Si, Na, Ca, O, and C signatures (Figure 8).15 The carbon signature may be mainly due to sample handling and possibly related to residual carbon from organic binder materials that require more extensive heat treatment processes, such as longer furnace holding times. Other signatures are all related to precursor materials. For batch B, an SEM (top-view) image in Figure 9a shows much larger pore Credit: Jim Thiebaud Mag HV WD Spot Sig 5/10/2017 100x 15.0 kV 11.0mm 4710 14:18 AM 500 QumBillet 5 Figure 9b. Higher magnification scanning electron micrograph of top view of a batch B sample. Scale bar represents 500 μm. Mag HV WD Spot Sig 5/10/2017 500x 15.0 kV 11.1 mm 4.7 10:19:42 AM 100 OumBillet 5 Figure 9c. Higher magnification scanning electron micrograph of top view of a batch B sample. Scale bar represents 100 μm. more clearly reveals glassy phases among polycrystalline phases (Figure 9b,c). In-flight testing in outer space These 3-D-printed samples will be exposed to outer space environments for six months aboard the Japanese www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Gerry Wynick Craig-X (a) (b) NanoRacks External Figure 10. A dozen 3-D-printed samples will be assembled in holders and placed in a Craig-X flight test platform (a), which will be mounted inside of the NanoRacks External Platform (b) located on the back side of the Japanese External Module - Exposed Facility. External Module - Exposed Facility (JEM-EF). A dozen samples will be assembled in holders and placed in a Craig-X flight test platform (Figure 10), which will be mounted inside the Nano Racks external platform located on the back side of the JEM-EF. The tentative launch date for this mission is late 2018 or early 2019. After being launched into outer space, samples will be exposed to outer space environments for six months. During that period, certain satellite environments can be obtained via the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration websites. In six months, cumulative radiation exposure amounts can reach approximately several joules to several hundred joules. Assuming the mass of a glass phase is <1 mg, the radiation exposure or dosage will exceed several million Gy, which can cause radiation damage to glasses as disclosed in earlier studies. 10-11 This damage, known as radiolytic bubble formation, can be divided by three different sources: gamma, ion, and electron irradiation. After six months of exposure to outer space during flight, the 3-D-printed objects will be reexamined via SEM. Once we separate damage in the samples due to electron beams in SEM, we will be able to establish damage to the materials due to outer space radiation. Then or 8 we will compare the electrical resistivity of 3-D-printed alumina samples with or without radiation exposure. Earlier studies indicate that radiation can permanently reduce alumina resistivity. Thus, radiation detection may be achievable through resistivity measurements and/ or analysis of bubble formations in glass phases. Importantly, resistivity is used as a signature in designs for sensors, detectors, and sniffers. Many factors should be considered for outer space experiments, including: packaging for ceramic samples, changes in temperatures and humidity, and vibrations during rocket launch. Therefore, we will assess sample sets via three tests. The first set of samples will be wrapped with Gore-Tex fabric with pore sizes of 10 μm and will be examined by \"drop tests.\" The second set will be tested on a mechanical shaking table with varying amplitudes, velocities, and accelerations. The third set will be placed in a \"environmental chamber\" with temperatures varying between -250°C and 300°C, and humidity varied between 100% and 0%. pass Samples that these three tests will be used as prototypes for humidity and gas sensing applications. 12-13 Additionally, preflight testing will be used to purposely select better samples for outer space flight experiments and Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, 0.6 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Bulletin, ensure that the samples can survive launch and flight conditions. While there is no published cost of payloads to the moon or Mars in the public domain, the cost to the International Space Station (ISS) provides a reference. Currently, cargo shipping cost to the ISS is estimated to be $20k-$60k per kilogram, with a futuretargeted goal of ~$2k per kilogram. 16 Thus, if raw materials for missions to the moon or Mars can be obtained on site, shipping costs could be substantially reduced. Further, beyond small devices such as radiation detectors, humidity sensors, and chemical sniffers, large amounts of raw materials will be needed for human habitats based on ceramics. 17 Future missions Binders connecting metal oxides provide a material solution to explore the possibilities of future 3-D printing endeavors in lunar and Martian missions. As an early step towards these possibilities, this preliminary work included three parts: • Studying lunar/Martian soils that may contain various metal oxides and small particle sizes; Fabricating alumina-based 3-D ceramic samples via binder jet printing technologies; and 27 Credit: Ryan Jeffrey and Carol Craig To infinity and beyond: Outer space applications of 3-D ceramics printed via ink jet methods Exploring opportunities to test these samples in an outer space experiment. As a next step, we are conducting additional experiments to fabricate and characterize samples for testing. Further, we are using mathematical models to study the economic impacts of 3-D-printed ceramics for space exploration missions. About the authors David Crenshaw, Patrick Cigno, Phillip Kurtis, Gerry Wynick, and Xingwu Wang are with Alfred University (Alfred, N.Y.). Ryan Jeffrey and Carol Craig are with Craig Technologies (Cape Canaveral, Fla.). Sam Deriso and Jim Royston are with L2 Aerospace (Melbourne, Fla.). Contact Wang at fwangx@alfred.edu. Acknowledgements The authors thank the following personnel in various organizations for their help and support: Nick Studley, Linda Crum, Jesse Blacker, and Gabe Doman (ExOne); Mike Hall (MARS Habitat); and provost Rick Stephens, dean Alastair Cormack, professor William Carty, Jim Thiebaud, Jennifer Zheng, Elizabeth Walsh, Kyle Silbstein, and Avery Sandler (Alfred University). References J. Yoo, M.J. Cima, S. Khanuja, E.M. Sachs, \"Structural Ceramic Components by 3D Printing,\" p. 40-50 in Solid Freeform Fabrications Proceedings, ed. by H. L. Marcus et al., Austin, TX (1993). Accessed on January 28, 2018. www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Bourell/ publication/277848732_Solid_Freeform_Fabrication_ Symposium Proceedings_Held_in_Austin_Texas_on_ August 9-11 1993/links/588b4a36a6fdcca09485ebd3/ Solid-Freeform-Fabrication-Symposium-Proceedings-Heldin-Austin-Texas-on-August-9-11-1993.pdf www.octanecreative.com/ducttape/NASA. Accessed on January 28, 2018. 3www.nasa.gov/resource-prospector. Accessed on January 28, 2018. J. Lindsay, \"Lunar Stratigraphy and Sedimentology,\" p. 237, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, Netherlands (1976). 5S. R. Taylor, \"Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View,\" p. 62, 64, 234, Pergamon, New York (1975). J. C. Graf, \"Lunar Soils Grain Size Catalog,\" p. 414, NASA Reference Publication 1265 (1993). J. Bruckner, G. Dreibus, R. Rieder, H. Wanke, \"Refined data of Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer analyses of soils and rocks at the Mars Pathfinder site: Implications for surface chemistry,\" J. Geophy. Res. 108 (12), 8094 (2003). 8W.Y. Wu, C. Patuwathavithane, R.H. Zee, \"Radiation Induced Conductivity in Ceramics Insulators for Thermionic Systems,\" p. 1147-1152, Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion: Eleventh Symposium, AIP Conference Proceedings, 301 (1994). 9W.J. Weber, R.C. Ewing, C.A. Angell, G.W. Arnold, A.N. Cormack, J.M. Delaye, D.L. Griscom, L.W. Hobbs, A. Navrotsky, D.L. Price, A.M. Stoneham, M.C. Weinberg, \"Radiation Effects in Glasses Used for Immobilization of High-Level Waste and Plutonium Disposition,\" J. Mater. Res., 12, 1946-1978 (1997). 10J.F. DeNatale, D.G. Howitt, \"Radiation Damages in a Nuclear Waste Glass,\" Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 61, 582-584 (1982). \"D.G. Howitt, H.W. Chan, J.F. DeNatale, J.P. Heuer, \"Mechanism for the Radiolytically Induced Decomposition of Soda-Silicate Glasses,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 74, 1145-1147 (1991). 12Y. Kim, B. Jung, H. Lee, H. Kim, K. Lee, H. Park, \"Capacitive Humidity Sensor Design based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide,\" Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 141, 441-446 (2001). 13C. Wang, L. Yin, L. Zhang, D. Xiang, R. Gao, \"Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors,\" Sensors, 10, 2088-2106 (2010). 14Data obtained by J. Zheng and E. Walsh. 15Data obtained by J. Thiebaud. 16S. Kramer, D. Mosher, \"Here\'s how much money it actu ally costs to launch stuff into space,\" Tech Insider, July 20, 2016. www.businessinsider.com/spacex-rocket-cargo-priceby-weight-2016-6#does-this-sound-ridiculously-expensive-10 \"Alfred University recently conducted a preliminary/ conceptual design for Mars\' habitat, sponsored by \"NASA Mars Base Eagle Project,\" Wings of Eagles, Horseheads, N.Y. CALL FOR PAPERS ABSTRACTS DUE JANUARY 15, 2019 www.ceramics.org/icg2019 25 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON GLASS (ICG2019) HOSTED BY ACERS GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION 100 years JUNE 9-14, 2019 | BOSTON PARK PLAZA HOTEL AND TOWERS | BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS | USA Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 High-performance refractory ceramics of percolated mullite from Fly ash production and disposal With the inc ith the exponential increase With energy consumption owing to rapid industrial growth, there has been an associated significant increase in waste materials production from thermal power stations. In coal-powered stations, waste materials large volumes of coal combustion products By Pramod Koshy, Sandor Alex Koszo, Erik Severin, and Charles Christopher Sorrell An Australian university-industry partnership produced thermal shock resistant monolithic refractories with refractoriness >1,500°C by incorporating high-silica content fly ash. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics etin-archive ceramics, OK. 6 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. (CCPs) are produced, including fly ash, bottom ash, and cenospheres. Fly ash is the fine fraction transported by flue gases and collected in electrostatic precipitators; bottom ash is the larger particulate ash that settles at the bottom of the boiler; and cenospheres are hollow fly ash particles. Fly ash is the major component of CCPs and comprises ~80-90% of the ~600 mT of global CCPs that were produced annually in 2013.12 Owing to the large volumes produced, coal ash is considered as the world\'s fifth largest raw material resource. Despite the large volume of fly ash produced, only ~16% are utilised with the major applications being pozzolanic additions to cementitious products and geopolymers, and as filler for land reclamation. Other research in the conversion of fly ash to zeolites and as a glass-ceramic precursor is underway. 24 A major factor limiting the increased utilization of fly ash is variability in composition, which results from differences in the characteristics of thermal coal blends used in power stations. Unused fly ash generally is stored in silos at power stations or fly ash slurries are pumped to collection ponds. These storage methods represent significant potential environmental and economic issues owing to the potential for leaching of toxic elements from the fly ash as well as the costs of storage and water and soil remediation.\" 29 Capsule summary TONS OF FLY ASH Coal-fired power plants generate hundreds of millions of tons of fly ash annually. The cement industry uses approximately 16%, with the rest entering waste streams. a) COSTLY REFRACTORY RAW MATERIALS Because there are no commercially viable deposits of mullite, relatively expensive raw materials are used to make aluminosilicate refractories. b) 100 μm 20 30 40 50 Diffraction angle (20) Figure 1. (a) Scanning electron micrograph of Class F fly ash, (b) X-ray powder diffraction pattern of a typical Class F fly ash sample (Q - Quartz, M - - Mullite) These have led to the dumping of fly ash in water sources, particularly in developing countries. As shown in Figure 1(a), fly ash is comprised of spherical particles, with typical particle size average ~30 μm and in the range 1-200 μm. Particles appear grey to black in color, depending on the unburnt or partially burnt carbon content. Sphere minerology is a matrix of high-SiO2 glass with embedded needles of mullite (3A1,03.2SiO2) and α-quartz grains. Hematite and other trace phases also may be present. The two main types of fly ash are Class C and Class F. Class C fly ash compositions have Al₂O + SiO2 + Fe2O3 of 50 wt % or less, while the combined oxide content of Class F fly ash is 70 wt% or less. Some Class C fly ashes contain more than 10 wt% CaO.5 While Class C fly ashes derive largely from lignite and subbituminous coals, Class F fly ashes result from anthracite and bituminous coals. Typical compositions of a range of Class F fly ashes from Australia and China are given in Table 1. Fly ash for refractories The global refractories market is worth more than US$29 billion annually, with China, USA, and Japan the major producers. The most important system for refractories manufacture is aluminasilica (Al2O3-SiO2), the phase diagram and associated characteristics of which are shown in Figure 2. As there are no commercially viable deposits of the only atmospheric-pressure intermediate phase in this system, mullite, various high-purity and relatively expensive raw materials are used to fabricate a range of aluminosiliTable 1. Chemical analyses (wt%) of Class F fly ashes from Australia and China WIN-WIN SOLUTION High-silica fly ash promotes extensive growth of single-crystal mullite needles and a monolithic network of percolated mullite. The resulting refractories are dense, dimensionally stable at temperature, and thermal shock resistant. cate refractories. Mullite-based refractories (25-75 wt%Al2O3) are manufactured conventionally by heating at 1,500°1,600°C for sintered products or ~1,800°C for fused-cast products. 8,9 Although the pyrometric cone equivalents (PCEs) of alumina-based refractories (>75 wt% Al2O3) are high, it is common for the hot faces in long-term service to exhibit shrinkage and creep at lower temperatures owing to softening of the glass phase that facilitates densification. Mullite is an attractive phase for refractory applications owing to its high melting point (~1,850°C), high flexural strengths at high temperatures (300-400 MPa to 1,200°C), low thermal expansion coefficient (~5.3 x 10-6 °C-¹), stability in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, and generally good chemical stability.” What is a pyrometric cone equivalent? PCE is a measure of the refractoriness of materials in the 1,500–1,800°C range. A cone of test material is placed near a series of known PCE cones. The PCE cone that matches the behaviour of the test material at temperature is the pyrometric cone equivalent. ISO and ASTM both offer PCE standards. Fly ash SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Na₂O K₂O CaO MgO TiO2 LOI* Other A 74.4 18.5 1.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 1.3 2.2 1.5 B 33.8 31.3 2.5 0.1 0.4 1.6 0.4 1.3 25.0 3.6 с 63.0 27.3 4.5 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.7 0.6 0.4 D 38.0 35.5 3.2 0.0 0.4 2.9 0.4 0.4 16.6 2.6 E 65.6 25.7 0.9 0.2 2.6 0.5 0.3 1.1 2.8 0.3 F 52.2 34.6 5.1 0.3 1.2 3.2 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 G 66.3 23.7 5.0 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 H 52.1 27.0 5.8 0.3 1.5 4.0 0.9 1.1 6.1 1.2 *Loss on ignition Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Mullite has an orthorhombic crystal structure and the Al2O3:SiO2 stoichiometry ranges from 3:2 to 2:1, depending on the starting composition and processing conditions. The morphology of mullite is either acicular or equiaxed, and these are a function of the Al2O3:SiO2 ratio, sintering temperature, glass softening range, and presence of impurities. Mullite grain morphology can be altered by the addition of oxides, which can decrease (V, Fe, and Mn) or increase (Al and Ti) the glass viscosity. 89. Reducing the glass viscos ity allows mullite to grow into needles, while increasing viscosity results in predominantly equiaxed mullite grains. There is an established body of research on the fabrication of mullite ceramics from fly ash. High-alumina fly ash (>45 wt% Al2O3) has been sintered to produce mullite without additives at 1,600°C, 10 although other work involved pretreatment with alkali followed by sintering at 1,500°-1,600°C.11 Stoichiometric 3:2 mullite has been fabricated by compensating the fly ash composition with high amounts of Al2O3, followed by sintering at 1,600°C. 12 Most researchers have targeted the stoichiometric range of mullite compositions owing to the decrease in refractoriness from the glass in the fly ash. Percolated mullite: UNSW-Vecor collaborative research Research at UNSW Sydney in partnership with Vecor Pty. Ltd. (Rozelle, Australia) on developing value-added products from fly ash commenced in 2010. Vecor is a green technology company that aims to maximize utilization of fly ash and other coal-combustion products to minimize their environmental impact. Collaborative work on refractories from fly ash has demonstrated outstanding thermal properties in these products, exhibiting long-term thermal stability at 1,500°C 13 and shortterm stability to at least 1,600°C. It is counterintuitive to produce refractories using vitreous raw materials, such as fly ash, as it is well known that intergranular glass is the near-universal cause of deformation of aluminosilicate refractories at temperatures of typically Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, ok. 6 ~1,200°C. It is equally counterintuitive to use a composition that is high-SiO2 relative to mullite as this would be expected to subject the refractory to Temperature (°C) 2200 Liquid 2000 1850°C 1840°C 1800 Mullite Mullite + Al2O3 Liquid + Mullite 1595°C 1600 SiO2 (Cristobalite) + Mullite 1400 1200 SiO2 (Tridymite) + Mullite glass softening at the lower ranges of 1000 High Silica High Alumina 800 temperatures. SiO2 (B-Quartz) + Mullite 600 400 SiO2 (a-Quartz) + Mullite 0 20 40 60 80 100 SiO2 Al2O3 However, the key to achieving stable thermal performance up to ~1,600°C is the use of excess silica as a diffusive and deformable medium that facilitates the extensive growth of single-crystal mullite needles. During heat treatment, these needles establish continuous intergrowths that exclude any intergranular glass phase, thereby effecting true direct bonding and establishing a completely monolithic network of percolated mullite. Any residual glass is located in the triple points and so does not affect Refractoriness (°C) 2000 1900 Pyrophyllite 1800 35 PCE 32 1700 1600 Super-Duty S Silica 27 Semi-Silica 20 Fireclay Alumina Wt% Kaolinite Aluminous Sillimanite Mullite + Topaz 37 36 60 60 1500 0 20 40 SiO2 Alumina Wt% 40 80 Mullite High-Alumina PCE=42 41. Alumina 100 80 Al2O3 Figure 2. Al₂O₂-SiO2 phase diagram along with different refractory classifications and raw materials (adapted from Jianfeng et al.1º). the thermal expansion or creep characteristics. 13 Consequently, these microstructures uniquely exhibit the isotropic thermal expansion and creep characteristics of single-crystal mullite compacts. Figure 3(a) shows a typical polished and etched microstructure of percolated mullite and Figure 3(b) illustrates the long-term dimensional stability of percolated mullite at 1,500°C. Percolation in this highly dense microstructure is achieved by heating at this temperature for only ~2 h. Image analysis was used to quantify the microstructural changes in the microstructures occurring during soaking, and these data revealed that fiber American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 | www.ceramics.org length increased significantly as did the number of interfiber connections. More significantly, the ultimate mullite content reached as high as ~95 vol%. Percolated mullite products Refractory shapes based on percolated mullite have been manufactured from fly ash by Vecor in China. Vecor is an Australian company with production facilities in China. The processing is conventional and includes semidry pressing, vibratory casting, and heat treatment. Brick-sized products are heated at >1500°C over a relatively short firing cycle according to the intended enduse temperature. The products to date 31 Credit: Kosley, et al. a) High-performance refractory ceramics of percolated mullite from waste materials b) 25 20 FLY ASH 1 15FLY ASH 2 Diametral Shrinkage (%) 1025 μm 20 40 Time (h) 60 80 100 Figure 3. (a) Polished and etched microstructure after sintering at 1,500°C for 24 h, (b) dimensional stability of sintered fly ash samples during heat treatment at 1,500°C for extended times. Samples were disc-shaped with sintered dimensions of ~20mm diameter and 5-613 have been categorized as High-Grade and Medium-Grade, as dictated by the extent of mullite percolation and associated high-temperature shrinkage. That is, the former is dimensionally stable upon long-term heating at 1,500°C, but the latter exhibits shrinkage upon heating at 1,250°C. These grades effectively demarcate the targeted industrial and craft refractory capabilities, respectively. The notable unique feature of the Vecor products is the achievement of full or partial mullite percolation in the dense and porous products, as shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), respectively. This distinct percolation of single-crystal fibers sets these products apart from conventional sintered mullite products, which invariably contain a large proportion of glassbonded polycrystalline grains. Further, Table 2. Typical properties of mullite-based products Properties Alumina content (wt%) Bulk density (kg/m³) Apparent porosity (%) Cold compressive strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) Thermal conductivity/1,000°C (W/m-K) Thermal expansion/25°–1,000°C (°(+¹) Refractoriness (°C) Thermal shock resistance (Japanese Standard JIS 2657-1995 (25 mm H x 20 mm Ø) Dense aluminosilicate refractories 60-78 2,300-2,700 Insulating aluminosilicate refractories 40-75 900-1,200 Vecor refractories 40-60 1,600 -2,000 10-20 50-60 5-30 50-70 2-5 45-70 15-20 1-3 20-30 1.3 0.5 0.5-1.1 5.0-6.0 × 10-6 1,770 -1,810 4.5-5.5 × 10-6 4.5-5.5 × 10-6 1,580-1,800 ~1,800 Not available Not available Good (Survived >50 cycles) even fused-cast mullite products contain a significant proportion of residual glass interposing the single-crystal grains. A Credit: Koshy et al. second unique feature of the Vecor dense product is the presence of uniformly distributed closed spherical pores, which a) b) 500 μm Figure 4. SEM images of microstructures of (a) dense refractory product, (b) porous refractory product. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org 500 μm www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Koshy, et al. serve to decrease the thermal conductivity without diminishing impermeability or impacting significantly on strength. Performance An outstanding characteristic of these percolated mullite microstructures is creep resistance as suggested by the thermal expansion, which is contrasted with those of other oxide refractories in Figure 5. It can be seen that there is no shrinkage up to the limitation of the instrument, which was 1,600°C. In principle, if slip does not cause deformation, the performance may extend as high as 1,800°C. More broadly, some of the key differences between Vecor and conventional mullite-based refractory products are summarized in Table 3. Aggregates Another Vecor product variant is mullite refractory aggregates, with Figure 6 showing examples of sintered refractory shapes fabricated using these aggregates. Normally, shrinkages during firing and use are minimized with the use of deadburned aggregates. Percolated mullite shows no permanent linear shrinkage, which suggests obvious applicability as an aggregate. Refractory shapes comprised of these aggregates have been shown to exhibit outstanding thermal shock resistance, in common with the same shapes of dense products that have been trialled. Summary The present work introduces an alternative approach to refractory design. Linear Thermal Expansion (%) 2.4 2.0 MgO 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 Cryo.MgO Percolated Mullite Refractory Cr₂O Calcined Kaolinite Refractory (54 wt% SIO₂) Siliceous Clay Refractory (70-80 wt% SiO2) High-Alumina Refractory (80-90 wt% Al₂O;) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Temperature (°C) Figure 5. Thermal expansion behavior of commercial refractories in comparison to percolated mullite (adapted from¹4) The use of siliceous waste materials to fabricate high-performance materials is possible through the unique mechanism of the percolation of single-crystal mullite in fly ash to generate true direct bonding in a monolithic ceramic. This imparts unprecedented long-term dimensional stability during heating at 1,500°C and potentially as high as 1,800°C to a dense but thermal-shock-resistant oxide refractory. The products that are manufactured this way are characterized by a range of performance advantages but they also benefit from environmentaland energy-savings advantages relative to similar products. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the long-term financial support from Vecor Pty. Ltd., the Table 3. Summary of differences between Vecor and conventional mullite-based products Vecor Mullite Refractory Lower alumina content but higher mullite content No cristobalite present No shrinkage during long-term soaking at 1,500°C No shrinkage during short-term heating at 1,600°C No permanent linear change Microstructure of direct-bonded single-crystal mullite Closed spherical pores / impermeable (dense) Heat transfer by radiation through continuous porosity absent/no heat transfer by convection Combined high-strength and low thermal conductivity Conventional Mullite-Based Refractory Higher alumina content but lower mullite content Cristobalite present Finite shrinkage during long-term soaking at lower temperatures Finite shrinkage during short-term heating at 1,600°C Finite permanent linear change Microstructure of mixed direct- and glass-bonded polycrystalline mullite Mixture of closed and open pores / permeable Heat transfer by radiation through continuous porosity present / heat transfer by convection Mutually exclusive high strength or low thermal conductivity Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics, 6.6 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society Credit: Koshy et al. current funding through the Australian Research Council Linkage Program (ARCLP), and the characterization facilities at the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia. About the authors Pramod Koshy is senior research associate at UNSW Sydney, Australia; Sandor Alex Koszo is CEO of Vecor Pty. Ltd., and Eric Severin is director of R&D, Vecor. Charles Christopher Sorrell is professor of ceramic engineering at UNSW Sydney, Australia. Contact Koshy at koshy@unsw.edu.au. References \'Ash Development Association of Australia, Coal Combustion Products Handbook, 2nd Edition. Ward C., Heidrich C., Yeatman O. (Eds.). HBM Group, Port Kembla, Wollongong, Australia, 2014. 2Ahmaruzzaman M., A review on the utilization of fly ash. Prog. Energ. Comb. Sci., (2010) 36 [3] 327-63. Yoon S.D., Yun Y.H., Waste glass and fly ash derived glass-ceramic. J. Mater. Sci., (2006) 41 [13] 4315-4319. *McCarthy M.J., Dhir R.K., Development of high volume fly ash cements for use in concrete construction, Fuel (2005) 84 [11] 1423-1432. 5ASTM C618-05, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, 2005. 33 High-performance refractory ceramics of percolated mullite from waste materials 500 μm Figure 6. SEM images of microstructures of refractory shapes fabricated using Vecor mullite aggregates. http://unitecr2017.org/descargas/weoperspectives-to-consider-in-the-refractoryindustry.pdf. \'Plibrico Japan Company, Limited, Technology of Monolithic Refractories. Toppan Printing Company, Ltd., Tokyo, 1984. 8Schneider H., Schreuer J., Hildmann B.. Structure and properties of mullite-A review, J. Europ. Ceram. Soc., (2008) 28 [2] 329-344. \'Schneider H., Komarneni S., Mullite, WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, Germany, 2005. 10Jiangfeng C.H., Longyi S.H., Jing L.U., Synthesis of mullite from high-alumina fly ash: A case from the Jungar power plant in inner Mongolia, northern China, Acta Geol. Sinica (Eng. Ed.), (2008) 82 [1] 99-104. \"Lin B., Li S., Hou X., Li H., Preparation of high performance mullite ceramics from high-aluminum fly ash by an effective meth500 μm od, J. Alloys Comp., (2015) 623, 359-361. 12Jung J.S., Park H.C., Stevens R., Mullite ceramics derived from coal fly ash, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., (2001) 20 [12] 1089-1091. 13 Sorrell C.C., Koshy P., Koszo S., Percolated Mullite and a Method of Forming Same. US Patent 9,527,775, 27 December 2016. 14http://www.solar-cera.com/technology.html (accessed June 22, 2018) ACERS - NIST PHASE EQUILIBRIA DIAGRAMS A Trusted Research Tool Order Version 4.2 today! ORDER PHASE EQUILIBRIA VERSION 4.2 TODAY! Single User License $1,095 Multiple User License $1,895 Get more information at ceramics.org/buyphase The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org NIST ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibria Diagrams PC Database Version 4.2 Now Available on USB! led from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org SEPTIMENT OF COMMERCE www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Downloaded Credit: Koshy et al. Meet the editors of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society Journal the American Ceramic Society Journal Tha 6mencan CAFORTING Society Downloaded from American Ceramic Society American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. om WILEY WILEY letin-archive ceramics, 0.6 | www.ceramics.org By Jonathon Foreman Ch hange can be scary; change can be good. The journals group of The American Ceramic Society has made significant changes over the past year to meet the needs of our authors, editors, reviewers, and audience. It is now easier to submit manuscripts to our journals, and the time from submission to citable article is greatly reduced, while maintaining the high standards synonymous with the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, the International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, and the International Journal of Applied Glass Science. What changed? We instituted major procedure changes for all our journals. We now accept, and even encourage, authors to submit original manuscripts as single documents with embedded images. This allows authors, editors, and referees to focus on the quality of the content and address the formatting of files, text, and images much later in the process. Our publishing partner, Wiley, has sped up article publication, which enhances article discovery. Accepted articles are posted, with citable DOIS to the journal websites within a week of acceptance. Furthermore, the indexable journal issues are now released months prior to their calendar dates. Our flagship JACerS also underwent a major transition, expanding from four to twelve editors plus the editor-in-chief, and most editors are ACerS Fellows. This quantum leap places greater expertise at the beginning of a streamlined peer-review process, leading to quicker decisions. The effects of the new structure are already visible with nearly twice as many decisions being made within six weeks of original submission, and 90% of all first decisions within 10 weeks. So who are the editors? We\'re glad you asked William G. (Bill) Fahrenholtz, JACerS editor-in-chief, is Curators\' Distinguished Professor of Ceramic Engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology. He joined ACers more than 30 years ago and previously chaired the ACerS Publications Committee. Fahrenholtz specializes in process35 Meet the editors of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society Fahrenholtz ing, characterization, and thermodynamic analysis of ceramics. His two main research areas are currently ultra-high temperature ceramics and rare-earth based coatings for corrosion protection. He has won several international awards including Academician of World Academy of Ceramics, and is proud of the excellent students he has had the pleasure to mentor along the way. While Fahrenholtz was a first generation college graduate, his sons are following in his footsteps, with one studying nuclear engineering at Missouri S&T. Brennecka Geoffrey Brennecka, assistant professor at the Colorado School of Mines, specializes in processing and integration of electrical ceramics. With experience both in academia and national laboratories, he is heavily involved in both ACerS and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Since joining ACerS in 1997, Brennecka has held many leadership roles including vice president of Keramos, president of National Institute of Ceramic Engineers, Electronics Division chair, and ACerS Board of Directors. He promotes development of the next generation of ceramists through his involvement with ACerS President\'s Council of Student Advisors and the Education and Professional Development Council. Elizabeth Dickey is North Carolina State University professor of materials science and engineering, director of graduate programs, and director of the Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics. More recently, she developed and now directs a National Science Foundation research traineeship program on data enabled science and engiDickey Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org neering of atomic structure at N.C. State in conjunction with North Carolina Central University. Her research focuses on the application of microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy techniques to understand the role of material defects on electrical and ionic transport in ceramic materials. She is passionate about promoting a climate and infrastructure to advance scholarly creativity, diversity, and engagement. Ferreira | José M. Ferreira, associate professor with Habilitation at University of Aveiro (Portugal), earned his Ph.D. for colloidal processing of silicon carbide after finishing secondary school at night while working in a ceramics factory. His current work in colloidal science includes both aqueous processing and direct consolidation techniques such as epoxy gel casting, which confers high green strength to high aspect ratio microcomponents. Ferreira is a Fellow of the European Ceramic Society. He helped launch two startup companies aimed at commercializing his research in the fields of bone graft materials and tissue engineering. Halloran John Halloran is professor emeritus, materials science and engineering, University of Michigan. His research focused on ceramic process and structural properties, along with topics such as additive manufacturing and ceramic matrix composites. Before joining Michigan, he was with Ceramic Process Systems (Norton, Mass.) and the faculties of Pennsylvania State University and Case Western Reserve University. He cofounded DDM Systems Inc. (Atlanta, Ga.), a spin-off from research projects at University of Michigan and Georgia Tech on direct digital manufacturing for turbine components. Klein Lisa C. Klein is professor at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. She earned a B.S. in metallurgy and Ph.D. in ceramics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She has been a visiting scientist at Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, N.M.; University of Grenoble, France; and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. She received the Achievement Award of the Society of Women Engineers for \"breakthrough contributions in sol-gel science and engineering, particularly sol-gel applications in electrolytes, electrochromics, membranes and nanocomposites.\" She has been a JACerS editor since 1998, has served on national and international advisory boards, and is a Fellow of the Society of Glass Technology. Mauro | John C. Mauro is professor of materials science and engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Mauro earned dual B.S. degrees in glass engineering science and computer science, and his Ph.D. in glass science, all from Alfred University. His expertise lies in fundamental and applied glass science, statistical mechanics, computational and condensed matter physics, thermodynamics, and topology of disordered networks. Prior to Penn State, Mauro worked at Corning Inc., where he invented or coinvented several new glass compositions including Gorilla Glass products. Mauro holds an adjunct faculty appointment at Wuhan University of Technology and is guest chair professor at Qilu University of Technology, both in China. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 McKittrick | Joanna McKittrick is professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and materials science and Engineering program, University of California, San Diego. McKittrick researches luminescent materials and biomaterials. Research coverage and images from her work on biological and bioinspired structures, such as the sea horse tail as a model for flexible armor, have been featured in over 100 media outlets. Her work on luminescent materials has involved developing phosphors for heads up displays, flat panel displays, and scintil lators for drug delivery systems. More recently, her work focuses on the synthesis and development of phosphors for LED-based solid-state lighting. Ohji Tatsuki Ohji is fellow scientist, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan, specializing in mechanical properties of ceramics and ceramic composites. He has edited more than 40 ACerS conference volumes and books, serves as associate editor for IJACT, and sits on editorial boards of many international journals. Ohji is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ASM International, the Ceramic Society of Japan, and is Academician of the World Academy of Ceramics. Ohji is Society president-elect. Ohji says, \"ACerS has given me a lot of great opportunities to create strong heart-to-heart human network worldwide, which is now my most important and valuable treasure.\' Riedel Ralf Riedel \" (Academic Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c.),Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany) stepped down as dean of materials and geosciences just in time to become a JACerS editor. After earning a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry in 1986, he joined the MaxPlanck-Institute for Metals Research as a post-doctoral researcher, where he worked with mentors Gerd Becker, Günter Petzow, Richard Brook, and Fritz Aldinger. Riedel specializes in polymer-derived ceramics and glasses, and ultra-high pressure ceramic synthesis, and has found a number of novel preceramic materials and processing routes resulting in ceramics with excellent function and structural properties. Also an entrepreneur, he founded Ceramtrade, a company that imports technical ceramics from China to Europe. Viehland Dwight Viehland is Jack E. Cowling Professor of Engineering in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Virginia Tech. He researches electrical, magnetic, and structural properties of oxides, publishing extensively on magnetoelectric materials, phase transformations and domain structures in ferroelectrics, and epitaxial deposition of all oxide heterostructures. Viehland earned his Ph.D. in solid state science at Pennsylvania State University under the guidance of Eric Cross, co-advised by Manfred Wuttig (UMD) after his undergraduate work at the University of Missouri-Rolla. Outside interests include paleo-archaic Clovis culture artifacts (the first polycrystalline oxide technology) and numismatics. Xie Rong-Jun Xie is professor of the College of Materials at Xiamen University (China) and researcher at guest National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. He earned his Ph.D. in ceramics from Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His areas of expertise include luminescent materials and solid-state Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, 0.6 | www.ceramics.org lighting (phosphors, QDs, ceramics), crystal chemistry, and sintering. His many awards for scientific achievements include the Prizes for Science and Technology by the Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Besides many peer-reviewed articles, he authored the book \"Nitride Phosphors and Solid-State Lighting.” Zhou Yanchun Zhou, professor and deputy director of science and technology of Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory at the Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology of China, holds a B.Sc. and M.S. in ceramics and Ph.D. in metals. He researches design and understanding of structural-property relations of damage tolerant ceramics such as MAX and MAB phases for highand ultra-high temperature applications. He discovered more than 15 new ternary carbides, nitrides, and borides. He brings significant experience as a principal editor, editor-in-chief, associate editor, and editorial board member of 10 international journals in materials research, including IJACT. Zhou is Academician of the World Academy of Ceramics and of Asian-Pacific Academy of Materials. Jonathon Foreman is managing editor of ACerS journals. Contact him a jforeman@ceramics.org. CERAMIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION International Journal of Applied Ceramic TECHNOLOGY AUGUST 2015 Applied Glass ISSUE THEME General Glass Science WILEY SCIENCE 37 REGISTER BEFORE SEPTEMBER 12, 2018 TO SAVE! MS&T 18 www.MATSCITECH.ORG OCTOBER 14 - 18, 2018 | GREATER COLUMBUS CONVENTION CENTER | COLUMBUS, OHIO, USA Now in its 14th year, MS&T hosts 3,000-plus attendees, more than 2,000 presentations, a robust plenary speaker lineup, society based special events, and a collaboration among five leading materials science societies. If you work in any facet of materials science, this is the conference for you. The MS&T technical program is unmatched, addressing structure, properties, processing, and performance across the materials community. MS&T brings together scientists, engineers, students, suppliers, and business leaders to discuss current research and technical applications, and to shape the future of materials science and technology. Schedule current as of 7.11.2018 PLENARY LECTURES ACERS EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; Director, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut, USA Regenerative Engineering: Materials in Convergence TUESDAY, OCT 16, 2018 | 8:00 - 10:40 a.m. AIST ADOLF MARTENS MEMORIAL ASM/TMS JOINT DISTINGUISHED STEEL LECTURE John G. Speer, FASM, John Henry Moore Professor of Physical Metallurgy at Colorado School of Mines, and Director of the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, USA Steel A Lot to Learn LECTURESHIP IN MATERIALS AND SOCIETY Lynnette D. Madsen, Program Director, National Science Foundation, USA The Ecosystem of Research, Education, and Community Join us at MS&T18 for the ACers 120th Annual Meeting LEARN WHAT\'S GOING ON IN YOUR INDUSTRY. VOICE YOUR OPINION. NETWORK WITH CERAMIC AND GLASS COLLEAGUES. YOUR EXPERIENCE INCLUDES: - ACers award lectures -The 120th annual ACers Membership Meeting - The ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Reception and Banquet Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org - ACers division-led business meetings -And more! www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 HOTEL INFORMATION RESERVATION DEADLINE: SEPTEMBER 15, 2018 For best availability and immediate confirmation, make your reservation online at www.matscitech.org. Rooms sell out quickly! Hilton Columbus Downtown - ACERS HQ US $195 plus tax/night single or double Beware of Room Poachers! Unauthorized third-party companies have been contacting members to get them to reserve hotel rooms. This is a scam! You will NEVER receive a phone call directly from MS&T organizers or vendors on their behalf. Please use the links on www.matscitech.org to make a legitimate hotel room reservation. U.S. Government Rate rooms are extremely limited; proof of federal government employment must be shown at check-in or higher rate will be charged. U.S. Government rate is the prevailing government rate. Cancellation: Reservations cancelled less than 72 hours prior to noon of scheduled arrival date will be charged one night rate and tax. Organizers: The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org AIST ASSOCIATION FOR IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY ASM MET SOC TMS INTERNATIONAL The Minerals, Metais & Materials Society Metallurgy & Materials Society Sponsored by: NACE INTERNATIONAL The Worldwide Corrosion Authority\" ACERS LECTURES AND AWARDS MONDAY, OCT 15 9 - 10 a.m. ACerS/EPDC Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture - Jennifer A. Lewis, Harvard University, USA Digital Assembly of Colloidal Suspensions, Gels and Foams 24:40 p.m. ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award Session - Naoya Shibata, University of Tokyo, Japan Atomic-scale Understanding of Ceramic Interfaces by Advanced Electron Microscopy - Yosuke Takahashi, Noritaki Co., Ltd., Japan Development of Ceramics and Glass Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Oxygen Permeable Membrane Mark D. Waugh, Murata Electronics North America, Inc., USA Blending Cultures to Achieve Innovation - Shinichiro Kawanda, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Japan Potassium Sodium Niobate-based Multilayer Piezoelectric Ceramics Co-fired with Nickel Inner Electrodes - John McCloy, Washington State University, USA Undividing the Discipline: Social Interfaces in Ceramics Science and Engineering TUESDAY, OCT 16 8 - 10:40 a.m. MS&T PLENARY SESSION 1-2 p.m. ACers Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture _ · Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; Director, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut, USA Regenerative Engineering: Materials in Convergence ACers Frontiers of Science and Society Rustum Roy Lecture - David L. Morse, Corning Incorporated, USA Imagination and Innovation in the Land of Machines 24:40 p.m. ACERS GOMD ALFRED R. COOPER AWARD SESSION WEDNESDAY, 1 – 2 p.m. Cooper Distinguished Lecture - Tanguy Rouxel, University of Rennes 1, France A Multiscale Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Glass 2018 Alfred R. Cooper Young Scholar Award Presentation - Ricardo F. Lancelotti, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil is the Cooper Young Scholar winner this year OCT 17 ACers Basic Science Division Robert B. Sosman Lecture - Jürgen Rödel, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Lead-Free Piezoceramics: From Local Structures to Application Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.6 | www.ceramics.org 39 MS&T18 OCTOBER 14 - 18, 2018 | GREATER COLUMBUS CONVENTION CENTER | COLUMBUS, OHIO, USA STUDENT ACTIVITES MATERIAL ADVANTAGE CHAPTER TRAVEL USD GRANTS The Material Advantage Student Program offers $500 travel grants to student chapters to support MS&T attendance. Travel grants are awarded on a first come, first serve basis, so act early! Application deadline: October 7, 2018. SUNDAY, OCT 14 10 a.m. - Noon 1-3 p.m. 3-4 p.m. 7-9 p.m. STUDENT MONITORS Want to save money while attending MS&T? Students may partially defray expenses by serving as session monitors. Visit matscitech.org/students for more information. Material Advantage Chapter Officer Workshop Undergraduate Student Speaking Contest So Many Choices, Yet So Little TimePlanning Your Next Move After Graduating Student Networking Mixer MONDAY, OCT 15 UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENT POSTER CONTESTS For more information about competing in poster contests, contact Yolanda Natividad at ynatividad@ceramics.org. Deadline for undergraduate poster abstracts is September 24, 2018. Visit matscitech.org/ students for more information. Ceramic Careers Mentoring Roundtable ACers Student Tour Time TBD Noon - 5 p.m. TUESDAY, OCT 16 11:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. 12:30-1:30 p.m. 2-3 p.m Ceramic Mug Drop Contest Ceramic Disc Golf Contest Student Awards Ceremony VIEW ALL STUDENTS ACTIVITIES AT MATSCITECH.ORG/STUDENTS SPECIAL EVENTS SUNDAY, OCT 14 5-6 p.m. 5-7 p.m. 5-7 p.m. MONDAY, OCT 15 8 a.m. - 6 p.m. 1-2 p.m. 5-6 p.m. NEW 6:45 7:30 p.m. 7:30 -10 p.m. TUESDAY, OCT 16 MS&T Women in Materials Science Reception 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. ACerS Keramos Reception 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. PCSA Alumni Reception ACers Basic Science Division Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition ACers 120th Annual Membership Meeting MS&T Partners\' Welcome Reception ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Banquet Reception 11 a.m. – 1 p.m. Noon - 2 p.m. 1-6 p.m. 4-6 p.m. ACers Basic Science Division Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition Exhibition Show Hours General Poster Session with Presenters MS&T Food Court General Poster Viewing Exhibitor Networking Reception WEDNESDAY, OCT 17 7 a.m. - Noon 9:30 a.m. - 2 p.m. ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Banquet 9:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Noon - 2 p.m. ACers Basic Science Division Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition General Poster Viewing Exhibition Show Hours MS&T Food Court Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org WWW.MATSCITECH.ORG RESERVE YOUR SPACE TODAY AND EXHIBIT TO 3,000 ATTENDEES IN ONE LOCATION! EXHIBITION RENTAL RATES $3,050 USD $100 USD per corner charge 10\' x 10\' booth includes: • (1) Complimentary full conference technical badge •Company listing in show directory Unlimited exhibitor staff badges • Post-conference attendees list (emails not included) SHORT COURSES 9 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. SATURDAY, OCT 13 SUNDAY, OCT 14 9 a.m.- 2:30 p.m. Did You Hear H THURSDAY, OCT 18 8 a.m. - Noon 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. SINTERING OF CERAMICS Ricardo Castro, University of California, Davis INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE - Joshua Tappan and Bryce Meredig, Citrine Informatics, John Mauro, The Pennsylvania State University THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF FLASH SINTERING OF CERAMICS Rishi Raj, University of Colorado Boulder Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.6 | www.ceramics.org The R an innovators NOLOGY Visit our MS&T exhibitors! EXHIBITS DATES AND HOURS TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2018 Show hours: 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. Exhibitor networking reception: 4 - 6 p.m. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 17, 2018 Contact: Show hours: 9:30 a.m. - 2 p.m. Mona Thiel | Phone: 614-794-5834 | mthiel@ceramics.org *Times are subject to change. 41 THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY\'S 7TH CERAMIC BUSINESS AND LEADERSHIP SUMMIT The American Ceramic Society OCTOBER 16 – 17, 2018 COLUMBUS, OHIO HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH MS&T18 ceramics.org/cbls2018 SUCCEEDING IN TODAY\'S MANUFACTURING MARKETPLACE Join industry leaders for a leadership event focused on the latest trends and topics in today\'s ceramic and glass markets from experts in the field. The 7th annual Ceramic Business and Leadership Summit is held in conjunction with MS&T18 in Columbus, Ohio. As a part of your registration, you will receive a pass to attend ACerS Frontiers of Science and Society-Rustum Roy Lecture on Tuesday, October 16 from 1 – 2 p.m., featuring David L. Morse, chief technology officer and executive vice president at Corning Inc. CBLS SPEAKERS Federal Funding and Legislation Outlook for Advanced Ceramics Glen Mandigo Executive Director, United States Advanced Ceramics Association Emerging and Evolving Technologies that will Impact Manufacturing and their Economic Predictions Jon Riley Senior Vice President of Technology, National Center for Manufacturing Sciences The Profit Equation: Five Key Numbers to Better Manage Your Business Daniel J. Gisser Business Advisor, AdviCoach TENTATIVE SCHEDULE Tuesday, October 16 1-2 p.m. 4-6 p.m. Frontiers of Science and Society-Rustum Roy Lecture featuring David L. Morse, Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President at Corning Inc. Happy hour reception at the MS&T trade show Wednesday, October 17 8:30 - 9 a.m. 9 - 9:30 a.m. Continental breakfast Introductions of all participants and overview by Dana Goski, Vice President, Research & Development, Allied Mineral Products, Inc. 9:30-10:15 a.m. Federal Funding and Legislation Outlook for Advanced Ceramics 10:15 10:30 a.m. Break 10:30-11:15 a.m. Emerging and Evolving Technologies that will Impact Manufacturing and their Economic Predictions 11:15-12:15 p.m. Case Study: Digital Transformation in the Ceramics Industry: Using Simulation to Optimize Sintering Processes Lunch (included) 12:15 1:15 p.m. 1:15-2:15 p.m. The Profit Equation: Five Key Numbers to Better Manage Your Business Innovative and Modern Ways to Hire and Retain Talent 2:15-2:45 p.m. Jono Starr 2:45-3 p.m. President, StarrTrax Recruiting Digital Transformation in the Ceramics Industry: Using Simulation to Optimize Sintering Processes Marc-Antoine Thermitus Senior Application Scientist, NETZSCH Instruments, NA 3-3:45 p.m. 3:45 4:00 p.m. 4- 4:30 p.m. Table discussions Break Innovative and Modern Ways to Hire and Retain Talent Human Resources Q&A Facilitated Discussions 4:30-5:30 p.m. Networking reception Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 WELCOMES Technical meetings, networking, awards, brick plant tours highlight successful. brick meeting M ore than 90 attendees converged in Columbia, S.C., June 5-8 to take part in the combined I meeting of ACerS Structural Clay Products Division, ACerS Southwest Section, and Clemson University\'s National Brick Research Center. A record number of 18 companies sponsored this year\'s meeting. The meeting kicked off with the NBRC Spring Executive Committee meeting on Wednesday morning. NBRC director John Sanders, testing services manager, Mike Walker, and other NBRC staff provided members with updates on current research and other activities at the Center. Attendees also heard from 12 industry experts on a wide range of topics, including energy to power a brick plant with the sun at Palmetto Brick; results of an energy efficiency project at Meridian Brick\'s Muskogee, Okla., plant; faster drying and firing considerations; and an update on energy savings at the kiln. Other topics included advances in automation and robotics, thin brick processing and testing, tools to determine extrudability, advances in die technology, OSHA\'s silica rule, and an overview on clay brick standards. Attendees also toured two brick plants-Carolina Ceramics and Meridian Brick. Carolina Ceramics has the flexibility to produce a wide variety of sizes and colors using a combination of shale and kaolin raw materials and various additives. After the tour, Carolina Brick treated attendees to a much-appreciated barbeque lunch. Silica-Are you ready? Acers SCPD chair John Dowdle and SW Section chair-elect David Ziegler welcome attendees. CEO Michael Borden greets attendees at Carolina Ceramics. (Credit all images: ACerS) Meridian Brick has a rich history and established commercial architectural line featuring unique colors and textures drawn from three supporting mines on 900 acres. The site also employs a dual saw to cut brick for its Authintic Brick line. Meeting attendees reconnected with old friends and built new relationships each evening at the suppliers\' mixer reception on Wednesday and at another reception mixer sponsored by Danser Inc. preceding the awards banquet. During the banquet, ACerS president Mike Alexander presented John Sanders and Fred McMann with Global Ambassador Awards. John Dowdle received a certificate of appreciation for his service as SCPD chair and Japa Castro received the SW Section Past Chair Award. Glenn Holladay received the SW Section Harry E. Ebright Award. To read more about the meeting, visit www.bit.ly/SCPD18wrapup. Agama Attendees listen to a presentation about OSHA\'s silica rule that went into effect on June 12. Downloade ceramics.org Attendees receive instructions from operations manager Jason Smith, before the start of the tour of Meridian Brick\'s Plant 4 and its thin brick production facility. 43 43 رم Credit: Penn State College of Engineering Cements 2019 features latest cements research, workshops, and Della Roy Lecture A Cers Cements Division hosted its 9th Advances in Cement-Based Materials meeting June 11-12 on the expansive Pennsylvania State University campus in University Park. Highlights from the event included a student reception, poster session, National Science Foundation program update, Della Roy Lecture, and a 3-D printing workshop. Monday\'s program opened with keynote speakers Kimberly Kurtis and Maria Juenger, who kicked off the day of concurrent technical sessions. During the Cements Division business meeting, chair Matt D\'Ambrosia presented Division updates, including ACerS supplemental funding and budget usage, and Division membership growth. Jan Olek of Purdue University (Lafayette, Ind.) delivered the Della Roy Lecture, \"Green concrete-The past, the present and the future,\" to a packed auditorium. The evening poster session featured 30 posters representing cements research. The Elsevier-sponsored Della Roy reception concluded Monday\'s activities. Jan Olek, Reza Moini, Joseph Biernacki, and Ali Kazemian conducted a 3-D printing workshop on Tuesday morning. Several sessions throughout the day included talks on rheology and additive manufacturing, smart materials and computational materials science, alternative cementitious materials, and durability and service-life modeling. The afternoon\'s closing presentations featured David Lange\'s session on \"Quantifying the performance of nuclear power plant concrete structures affected by ASR\" and Steve Feldman\'s talk, \"Concrete as granular fluid.” Jeffrey Bullard received the Brunauer Best Paper Award for his contribution to the 2017 winning paper: \"An ideal solid solution model for C-S-H,\" Journal of the American Ceramic - 05-0 + Oft-St Tird Colociatic Quant: 1507 (OH), OH), (+) Starck Maricic and Microcystaline Qug Chert 0 Experts in cements research shared the latest findings at the technical sessions. The poster session was another way for presenters to show their research. Society, (2016) authored by Jeffrey Bullard and George Scherer. To view this year\'s YouTube research video contest winners and the poster session winners, visit www.bit.ly/cements18awards. Cements 2019, to be held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, will again provide exciting and thought-provoking topics. Check ACerS website and the Bulletin for details in early 2019. resources Calendar of events August 2018 13-17 20th University Conference on Glass - Ruth Pike Auditorium, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.; https://research. matse.psu.edu/glass 20-23 MCARE2018: Materials Challenges in Alternative & Renewable Energy Sheraton Vancouver Wall Centre Hotel, Vancouver, BC, Canada; www.ceramics.org/mcare2018 September 2018 10-12 China Refractory & Abrasive Minerals Forum 2018 - Regal Int\'l East Asia Hotel, Shanghai, China; www.bit.ly/CRAMF2018 17-19 Advanced Ceramics and Applications VII: New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Processing - Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia; www.serbianceramicsociety.rs/index.htm 26-27 61st Int\'l Colloquium on Refractories 2018 - Eurogress Aachen, Aachen, Germany; http://bit.ly/Collqon Refr October 2018 1-4 MMA 2018: 10th Int\'l Conference of Microwave Materials and their Applications - Nakanoshima Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; www. jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp/~conf/MMA2018 8-12 ic-cmtp5: 5th Int\'l Conference on Competitive Materials and Technology Processes - Hunguest Hotel Palota, Miskolc, Hungary; www.ic-cmtp5.eu 14-18 MS&T18, combined with ACerS 120th Annual Meeting - Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.matscitech.org Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue. Entries in BLUE denote ACerS events. denotes meetings that ACerS cosponsors, endorses, or otherwise cooperates in organizing. denotes Corporate partner Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 classified advertising Career Opportunities ACers is Hiring... WRITER AND EDITOR Bulletin and Ceramic Tech Today Do you enjoy writing and communicating science as much as you love doing the science? Do your colleagues and peers seek your help with their manuscripts? If so, have you considered a career in science writing and publishing? The American Ceramic Society is hiring a Science Writer/Managing Editor to report on trends in the field, attend Society events, plan editorial content, and manage magazine production. Experience with web-based publishing systems, email vendors, and publishing processes are required. This full-time position is located in the ACerS headquarters office in Westerville, Ohio. Information on the position requirements and application process can be found on the ACerS Career Center at careers.ceramics.org The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Custom Machining Five Modern CNC Routers Two Shifts a Day, Five Days a Week! Low Mass, High Temp. Products Ours or Yours! Free Samples! Zircar ICERAMICS Contact Us Today! Tel: (845) 651-6600 Email: sales@zircarceramics.com www.zircarceramics.com The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) values and seeks diverse and inclusive participation within the field of ceramic science and engineering. ACerS strives to promote involvement and access to leadership opportunity regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, age, sexual orientation, nationality, disability, appearance, geographic location, career path or academic level. 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Advertising Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-899-6109 Downloaded from bulletin archive frame. 6 | www.ceramics.org www.harropusa.com www.mohrcorp.com www.prematechac.com www.pptechnology.com www.qualityexec.com www.rauschert.com www.sgiglass.com www.spectrochemicalme.com www.ceramics.org www.zircarceramics.com www.zircarzirconia.com Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Advertising Assistant Pamela J. Wilson pwilson@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5826 fx: 614-794-5842 467744444 45 45 45 46 46 45 45 46 47 O deciphering the discipline A regular column offering the student perspective of the next generation of ceramic and glass scientists, organized by the ACerS Presidents Council of Student Advisors. Levi Gardner Guest columnist Glass binders for radioactive waste immobilization This past December marked 75 years since the world\'s first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. From the Manhattan Project and marine propulsion to baseload electricity generation and radiation therapy, nuclear energy has proven to be a truly transformational technology. These diverse applications have resulted in an equally diverse set of waste streams. These materials, with various chemical compositions and levels of radioactivity, present real hazards and must be carefully managed to prevent contamination of surrounding environments. So how do we address the waste issues facing the United States and international stakeholders? A variety of technologies have been deployed to process and immobilize remnant radioactive material. Waste forms are available in essentially every type of engineering material including cements, polymers, metals, sorbents, and glass.¹ Different glass processing techniques can be particularly effective in waste form production. One technique, vitrification, involves directly incorporating waste media into a glass forming melt and cooling it into an amorphous solid. Glass-ceramic composites also show promising ability to dispose of a variety of wastes. Other wastes are isolated into ceramic structures by ion exchange and bound in glassy matrices.² My research involves characterizing novel binder glasses for use in processing chloride-containing waste from nuclear fuel reprocessing. The infographic shows the two-step process used to (1) reduce waste volume through dehalogenation and (2) immobilize the waste in a glassy matrix. In the first step, an ion exchange takes place between the fission product cation and hydrogen in an ultrastable HY-zeolite structure. The fission product is incorporated into the ceramic and the hydrogen reacts with the free chloride, producing Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Fission product cations (in chloride form) exchange with hydrogen from HY zeolite during encapsulation, producing HCI gas Waste-loaded zeolites are bound via sintering in a glassy matrix for long-term storage HCI Gas H+ CIFP+ Two-Step Glass-Bonded Zeolite Synthesis HCl gas. This ion-exchanged zeolite, in powder form, must now be bound into a monolithic product to prevent erosive dispersion. This binding and densification step is accomplished by mixing the zeolite with glass frit and sintering to produce a chemically durable waste form. With both the zeolite and the binder matrix protecting against chemical attack, this glass-bonded zeolite composite is a true hierarchical waste form. In addition to chemical durability, a binder glass must possess a favorable working temperature range to allow for successful waste form synthesis. Material densification is best achieved by controlling viscous flow of binder glasses. Processes that run too cold may produce segregated regions rich or lean in glass, while runs that are too hot may cause excess glass fluidity, leading to collapse in zeolite structures. These processing complexities require an understanding of glass viscosity, glass transition, and crystallization behavior. One candidate glass family proposed for use in the binding process is bismuth aluminoborosilicate. The physical properties of these glasses have been studied at length. Results reveal lower working temperature ranges compared to more traditional glasses used in waste forms such as alkali borosilicates. Preliminary chemical durability results also show bismuth aluminoborosilicates possess resistance comparable to other Fission Products (Cs, K, Li, Na, Pr, Sr, Y) HY Zeolite Binder Glass waste form glasses. These findings point to the potential of this system for use in binding fission product-loaded zeolites in glass-bonded ceramic waste forms. In as much as this two-step immobilization process was developed for chloride waste from spent fuel reprocessing, it naturally shows future commercial potential for the disposal of waste from molten salt reactors. This and many other advanced nuclear technologies are at various phases of development globally.³ In contrast to the narrow scope of my work in waste immobilization research, the totality of multinational efforts in waste management constitute a long list of accomplishments. These past successes foreshadow a future of increased environmental remediation to preserve the health of humankind and the environment. References \'M.S. Yim and K.L. Murty, \"Materials Issues in NuclearWaste Management,\" JOM: The Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 52, 9 (26-29) 2000. 2M.F. Simpson, M.N. Patterson, J. Lee, Y. Wang, J. Versey, and S. Phongikaroon, “Management of Salt Waste from Electrochemical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel,\" Global 2013 (1043-1049) 2013. 3V. Nian, \"Global developments in advanced reactor technologies and international cooperation,\" Energy Procedia, 143 (605-610) 2017. Levi Gardner is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Utah. In his spare time, he enjoys camping and playing volleyball. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 6 Credit: Gardner MMorgan Advanced Materials Metals and Joining Center of Excellence Hayward, CA Morgan Advanced Materials Global Centers of Excellence Carbon Science Center of Excellence Penn State University State College, PA Insulating Fiber Center of Excellence Bromborough, UK Structural Ceramics Center of Excellence Stourport, UK A global team of expert material scientists • Employing a collaborative approach • Investment in new capabilities to drive innovation • Specialized materials development and characterization Braze Alloys Structural Ceramics Electrical Carbon Insulating Fiber Seeking to collaborate Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org How can we help you with needed materials solutions? 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