AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2016 Global groundbreaker: France innovates and collaborates to serve society COINE President reports on ACerS initiatives • OSHA\'s silica rules affect workplaces Map out your trip to MS&T16 • Your kiln. Like no other. Your kiln needs are unique, and Harrop responds with engineered solutions to meet your exact firing requirements. For more than 90 years, we have been supplying custom kilns across a wide range of both traditional and advanced ceramic markets. Hundreds of our clients will tell you that our three-phase application engineering process is what separates Harrop from \"cookie cutter\" kiln suppliers. • Thorough technical and economic analysis to create the \"right\" kiln for your specific needs Robust, industrial design and construction • After-sale service for commissioning and operator training. Harrop\'s experienced staff is exceptionally qualified to become your partners in providing the kiln most appropriate to your application. Learn more at www.harropusa.com, or call us at 614-231-3621 to discuss your special requirements. HARROP Fire our imagination www.harropusa.com cover story contents October/November 2016 • Vol. 95 No.8 feature articles 22 President\'s report on ACerS strategic initiatives ACerS president Mrityunjay Singh reports on the strategic plans that will steer ACerS on a path toward continued growth. by Mrityunjay Singh 24 Global groundbreaker: France innovates and collaborates to serve society From bioceramic breakthroughs to sodium-ion innovations, France\'s research teams catalyze ceramic and glass advances. by Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht meetings MS&T16 EMA 2017 ICACC\'17 Biomed 2016 recap columns 34 38 40 42 Deciphering the Discipline ...48 Exploring alternative matrix concepts for SiC-based ceramic matrix composites. by Robert Golden departments News and Trends Spotlight 7 Ceramics in Energy 13 Research Briefs 14 Ceramics in Biomedicine. 20 32 New silica dust regulations will require changes in workplaces How new OSHA rules for silica will affect your operation. by John Keaser Cover photo credit: Vincent Lock, Flickr CC BY 2.0 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org resources Calendar 43 New Products 44 Classified Advertising 45 Display Ad Index 47 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Obulletin Editorial and Production Eileen De Guire, Editor ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815 edeguire@ceramics.org April Gocha, Managing Editor Stephanie Liverani, Associate Editor Russell Jordan, Contributing Editor Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Thomas Fischer, Chair, University of Cologne, Germany John McCloy, Washington State University Fei Peng, Clemson University Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline, Inc. Gurpreet Singh, Kansas State University Chunlei Wan, Tsinghua University, China Eileen De Guire, Staff Liaison, The American Ceramic Society Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics.org Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Charles Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher cspahr@ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Director of Communications & Marketing edeguire@ceramics.org Marcus Fish, Development Director Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation mfish@ceramics.org Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations mjohnson@ceramics.org Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec. Assistant slabute@ceramics.org Mark Mecklenborg, Director of Membership, Meetings & Technical Publications mmecklenborg@ceramics.org Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership kthompson@ceramics.org Officers Mrityunjay Singh, President William Lee, President-Elect Kathleen Richardson, Past President Daniel Lease, Treasurer Charles Spahr, Secretary Board of Directors Michael Alexander, Director 2014-2017 Geoff Brennecka, Director 2014-2017 Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015-2018 Doreen Edwards, Director 2016-2019 Dana Goski, Director 2016-2019 Martin Harmer, Director 2015-2018 Hua-Tay (H.T.) Lin, Director 2014-2017 Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016-2019 Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015-2018 David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian contents October/November 2016 • Vol. 95 No. 8 Connect with ACers online! in g+ f http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss Ceramic TechToday FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Ceramic Tech Today delivers the most relevant ceramic and glass materials, applications, and business news-saving you time and keeping you informed. Check out the latest stories at ceramics.org/ctt Subscribe today! bit.ly/acersctt Want more ceramics and glass news throughout the month? Subscribe to our e-newsletter, Ceramic Tech Today, and recieve the latest ceramics, glass, and Society news straight to your inbox every Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday! Sign up at http://bit.ly/acersctt. Top Tweets Have you connected with @acersnews on Twitter? Here are some recent top posts: Bend it like... concrete? New type of concrete can bend without breaking under pressure bit.ly/2bM9pcs Crystal unclear Why might this uncanny crystal change laser design? bit.ly/2cisrl0 New spin on silicon Liquid precursor fabricates silicon nanowires to boost battery capacity bit.ly/2bMiPEW American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2015. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a \"dual-media\" magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramicbulletin.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100. Single issues, January-October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 95, No. 8, pp 1-48. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents. 2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 RETSCH - New High Energy Ball Mill Emax The Emax is an entirely new type of ball mill for high energy milling. The unique combination of high friction and impact results in extremely fine particles within the shortest amount of time. The high energy input is a result of an unrivaled speed of 2000 min-1 and the optimized jar design. Thanks to the revolutionary cooling system with water, the high energy input is effectively used for the grinding process without overheating the NEW! sample. Due to the special grinding jar geometry, the sample is thoroughly mixed which results in a narrow particle size distribution. www.retsch.com/emax VERDER scientific Science for Solids NEW! CARBOLITE - New Compact Modular Tube Furnaces The new 1200 °C E-series of tube furnaces from CARBOLITE offer an extensive range of compact split and non-split tube furnaces for laboratory use. The furnaces are available with heated lengths of 150, 300, 450 and 600 mm and a maximum tube diameter of 60 mm. The split tube furnaces are hinged, allowing them to be opened to reduce the cool-down time. In combination with the fast heat up rates, this results in a high sample throughput. The three-zone models ensures a longer uniform zone compared with a single zone furnace. An easy to use angle adjustment option on the vertical furnaces also allows horizontal and multi-angle configurations. www.carbolite.com/eha Em CARBOLITE GERO Chamber Furnaces for High Temperature and Vacuum Applications The HTK range of Carbolite Gero high temperature furnaces consists of metallic furnaces made of Molybdenum and Tungsten. Metallic furnaces have no fibre insulation, permitting the greatest possible purity of the process atmospheres or the best possible final vacuum. CARBOLITE GERO \" The sophisticated designs are employed for specimens requiring treatment in carbon-free atmospheres. They find application in the lighting industry, metal powder injection molding, tempering of sapphires, heat treatment of metals, sintering of pellets in the nuclear industry, manufacture of radar tubes, metallization of ceramic components, high vacuum brazing etc. www.carbolite-gero.com/htk VERDER scientific SCIENCE FOR SOLIDS The VERDER SCIENTIFIC Division of the VERDER Group sets standards in scientific equipment for quality control, research and development of solid matter. It unites the leading manufacturing companies CARBOLITE, CARBOLITE-GERO, ELTRA, RETSCH and RETSCH TECHNOLOGY. www.verder-scientific.com CARBOLITE CARBOLITE IGERO 30-3000C Laboratory & Industrial Furnaces & Ovens up to 3,000 °C and for vacuum and other modified atmospheres ELTRA Elemental Analyzers for C, H, N, O, S Retsch Laboratory Mills, Grinders & Sieve Shakers Retsch TECHNOLOGY■ Optical Particle Analyzers from 0.3 nm to 30 mm 1-866-473-8724 www.verder-scientific.com news & trends Corning \'takes tough to new heights\' with Gorilla Glass 5 Corning Incorporated (Corning, N.Y.) recently unveiled the next generation of tough glass with Gorilla Glass 5, which \"touts dramatically improved drop performance compared with competitive glass designs and earlier versions of Gorilla Glass,\" according to Corning\'s website. Compared with the previous version, Gorilla Glass 5 can survive drops up to 1.6 meters up to 80% of the time, Corning explains, and is up to four times better in drop height to failure. \"With each successive generation of Corning Gorilla Glass, we have taken cover glass technology to new levels. Gorilla Glass 5 is no exception, extending Corning\'s advantage in drop performance over competitive glasses,\" says John Bayne, vice president and general manager, Corning Gorilla Glass, in Business news DOE to invest $16M in computer design of materials (newscenter.lbl.gov)...GE announces location for its new global headquarters in Boston (ge.com)…… Johnson Matthey and 3M complete NMC patent license agreement (news.3m. com)...Coorstek\'s engineered ceramic membrane produces a range of chemicals from natural gas (coorstek.com)... US manufacturing growth cooled in July from one-year high (bloomberg.com)… Global market for piezoelectric sensors and ultrasonic transducers to reach $6B by 2020 (innoresearch.net)... Quantum Materials developing nanomaterials for tracing fracking fluids to point of origin (qmcdots.com)... New ASTM C28 standards for specifying, classifying, and testing CMCs (astm.org)...Kyocera to acquire 100% ownership of optical component manufacturer Melles Griot Coring Incorporated recently debuted its toughest glass yet-Gorilla Glass 5. an announcement on the company\'s website. \"With many real-world drops occurring from between waist and shoulder height, we knew improving drop performance would be an important and necessary advancement.\" KK (global.kyocera.com)...Arkema Inc. and Materiant Inc. sign distribution agreement for Rilsan fine powders (arkema.ca)...DOE announces $11M to advance novel innovations in solar power technologies (energy.gov)...H.C. Starck powder divisions adopt new corporate legal structure (hcstarck.com)……Asian electronic company selects Harper for two new furnace systems (harperintl. com)...Additive technologies are paving path to full-scale manufacturing revolution (geglobalresearch.com)...Zeiss and arivis enable immersive microscopy for materials sciences (zeiss.com)... NASA selects five aerospace companies for Mars orbiter concept studies (nasa. gov)...American Concrete Institute announces new structural concrete specifications (concrete.org) Corning; YouTube To date, Gorilla Glass is incorporated into devices manufactured from more than 40 major brands and more than 1,800 product models, totaling 4.5 billion devices since its launch in 2007, according to Corning. See the video debut of the new Gorilla Glass 5 at youtu.be/WU_UEhdVAjE. Minisized LEGO set creates large-scale impact by celebrating women of NASA A new LEGO concept set is celebrating women in a big way-albeit in a miniature size. LEGO Ideas is the tiny plastic brick manufacturer\'s crowdsourcing platformuser-generated ideas seek votes on the website, and, if they receive enough support, go under review to enter into commercial LEGO production. A new Women of NASA miniset already has rocketed through the LEGO Ideas ranks on a fast track to interstellar success. In less than a month, the idea received votes from 10,000 supporters, LEGO\'s threshold for deciding that a concept has adequate support to enter into the LEGO approval process. The set-created by Maia Weinstock, a deputy editor at MIT News-includes five incredible women: Margaret Hamilton, Katherine Johnson, Sally Ride, Nancy Grace Roman, and Mae Jemison. Weinstock provides a brief description of each woman on the set\'s LEGO Ideas webpage: • • Margaret Hamilton, computer scientist: While working at MIT under contract with NASA in the 1960s, Hamilton developed the on-board flight software for the Apollo missions to the moon. She is known for popularizing the modern concept of software. • Katherine Johnson, mathematician and space scientist: A longtime NASA researcher, Johnson is best known for 4 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 calculating and verifying trajectories for the Mercury and Apollo programsincluding the Apollo 11 mission that first landed humans on the moon. • Sally Ride, astronaut, physicist, and educator: A physicist by training, Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. After retiring as a NASA astronaut, she founded an educational company focusing on encouraging children-especially girls-to pursue the sciences. • Nancy Grace Roman, astronomer: One of the first female executives at NASA, Roman is known to many as the \"Mother of Hubble\" for her role in planning the Hubble Space Telescope. She also developed NASA\'s astronomy research program. • Mae Jemison, astronaut, physician, and entrepreneur: Trained as a medical doctor, Jemison became the first African-American woman in space in 1992. After retiring from NASA, Jemison established a company that develops new technologies and encourages students in the sciences. HAMILTON KATHERINE JOHNSON RIDE ROMAN MISON This LEGO Ideas concept, which celebrates the women of NASA, may soon become a toy production reality. In addition to the five women, the complete concept set includes historically accurate vignettes and scenes that correspond to each woman\'s accomplishments. Now that the set has achieved support, a review board will consider whether the set will become an official LEGO product. \"This includes factors such as playability, END Corrosion and Heat Problems that SHUT YOU DOWN Eliminate Downtime & Minimize Maintenance Costs Reduce Energy Consumption & Emissions Maximize Productivity HEXOLOY® The Sustainable Solution in the Harshest Environments ■ Universal corrosion resistance in extremely high temperatures. ■Custom complex shapes in any size with tight tolerances. Visit our NEW website: http://hexoloy.com For more information, technical data & case studies contact: SCD.sales@saint-gobain.com ▪ 716-278-6233 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org mmm SAINT-GOBAIN 5 Credit: Maia Weinstock; Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 6 Onews & trends Credit: SuperJet International; Flickr CC BY-SA 2.0 safety, and fit with the LEGO brand,” according to the LEGO Ideas website. The review begins in September and can last for several months, but Weinstock says that the final decision should be made by January. If LEGO decides to give the set a green light, Women of NASA will enter into official product development, which LEGO says can take several more months. New issue of Nature Materials features Nitin Padture on advanced ceramics for aerospace propulsion The August issue of Nature Materials focuses on the search for new materials for one of the most demanding applications out there-aerospace. The issue hones in on key challenges in the aerospace industry, highlighting hightemperature materials for gas-turbine engines and identifying remaining barriers that prevent adoption of new materials-based technologies. The issue\'s opening editorial captures the challenges of designing aerospace materials: \"Developing materials for jet engines is extremely tricky. High temperatures open up a sizeable palette of structure-altering phenomena, exacerbated by substantial mechanical loads. The intricacy of the problem is further amplified by complex load regimes during the course of a flight and by the rotation of turbine components. Resistance to chemical attack also is important.\" In other words, it is not easy. Yet that does not dissuade ACerS member and Fellow Nitin Padture-engineering professor, director of the Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, and Otis E. Randall University Professor (designate) at Brown University (Providence, R.I.). Padture authored one of three commentaries for the aerospace-centered issue of Nature Materials. Padture\'s article, \"Advanced structural ceramics in aerospace propulsion,\" details the vital role of advanced structural ceramics in everadvancing vehicle propulsion systems. Padture\'s commentary discusses thermal barrier coatings for superalloys, ceramic-matrix composites as superalloy replacements, and thermal and environmental barrier coatings for ceramicmatrix compositesall of which are major areas of active research into aerospace materials. Although thermal barrier coatings have drastically increased maximum temperatures in the hottest parts of gas-turbine engines—increasing efficiency and performance and cleaning up exhaustthese thin ceramic layers are not without limitations, Padture writes in the article. G A new issue of Nature Materials focuses of high-temperature materials for aerospace applications. The aerospace industry needs new materials with lower thermal conductivities and better resistance to environmental challenges, such as volcanic ash, and these needs are catalyzing the search for alternative materials. Although research on thermal barrier coatings is pushing these materials to withstand hotter temperatures, the superalloy materials that barrier coatings protect have not had the same luxury. Padture writes, \"As a consequence, the temperature-capability gap between thermal barrier coatings and superalloys is widening. This necessitates more aggressive cooling to allow higher gas temperatures, but without a commensurate increase in the specific engine power that results in rising inefficiency losses. The only way to address this issue is to use materials with inherently higher-temperature capabilities.\" And when it comes to higher-temperature capabilities, ceramics definitely have the upper hand. Integration of ceramic-matrix composites in commercial jet engines this year demonstrates just a small fraction of the potential these materials hold for revolutionizing the aerospace industry. Despite their tailored properties, however, one significant problem with CMCs is figuring out how to join them to other materials. Here Padture taps into the potential of integral ceramic textile structures (ICTS). A mesh of textiles, math, ceramics, and mechanics, ICTS uses computational design to build components based on specific required parameters. \"ICTS are in their infancy, but the prospect of lightweight, thin-walled components that can outperform their metallic and 2-D CMC counterparts, while requiring less cooling, is indeed enticing,\" Padture writes. Ultimately, the research community needs experimentally validated models to predict how newly designed materials will behave in realistic engine conditions, Padture writes. Modeling, and subsequent experimental validation, will guide materials discovery through the unique challenges posed by aerospace applications. \"Materials remain the bottleneck in realizing many of our aerospace aspirations, but this also presents a fountainhead of opportunities for materials discovery and for innovations in design and manufacturing. In fulfilling those aspirations, advanced structural ceramics will undoubtedly play a crucial role.\" The open-access commentary article, published in Nature Materials, is \"Advanced structural ceramics in aerospace propulsion.” | www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Oacers spotlight. Society and Division news Welcome to our newest Corporate Members ACerS recognizes organizations that have joined the Society as Corporate Members. For more information on becoming a Corporate Member, contact Kevin Thompson at kthompson@ceramics.org. H.C.Starck H.C. Starck GmbH Germany www.hcstarck.com GE ACers Lifetime Membership program takes off ACers new Lifetime Membership program is designed for those dedicated to a professional career in the ceramic and glass community and offers loyal members the opportunity to avoid dues increases and renewals with enhanced benefits over time. ACerS is pleased to announce the first group of Lifetime Members: Cato Laurencin, University of Connecticut Health Center; Safa Kasap, University of Saskatchewan; Federico Rosei, INRS-EMT; Olivia Graeve, University of California, San Diego; S.K. Sunderman, Alfred University; and Jeffrey Wadsworth, Battelle. Secure Lifetime Membership and its continuous benefits for a one-time payment of $2,000, which averages to about 17 years of ACerS membership at current dues rate. To learn more, contact Kevin Thompson, ACerS membership director, at kthompson@ceramics.org or 614-794-5894, or contact ACers customer service at 240-646-7054. Do you qualify for Emeritus member status? If you will be 65 years old (or older) by December 3, 2016 and will have 35 or more years of continuous membership in ACerS, you are eligible for Emeritus status. Emeritus members enjoy waived membership dues and reduced meeting registration rates. To verify your eligibility, contact Dee Haignere at dhaignere@ ceramics.org. GE Global Research Niskayuna, N.Y. www.geglobalresearch.com Attend your division business meeting at MS&T16 Six ACerS divisions will hold executive and general business meetings at MS&T16 in Salt Lake City, Utah. General business meetings will be held Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday in the Salt Palace Convention Center. Plan to attend to get the latest updates and share your ideas with division officers. Check the final MS&T16 program for times and convention center room locations. For more information, contact your division chair or Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org. In memoriam James L. Clark William H. McCracken William Fahrenbruck Some detailed obituaries also can be found on the ACers website, www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Sealing Glass Sealing Glass Solutions from Mo-Sci Excellent wetting and bonding to both metal and ceramics Glass is homogeneous, with no crystals and no significant elements from metal or ceramics diffusing into glass The innovative staff at Mo-Sci will work with you to design and develop your project mo.sci CORPORATION ISO 9001:2008 • AS9100C www.mo-sci.com 573.364.2338 7 ● acers spotlight Society and Division news (continued) Introducing ACerS leaders for 2016-2017 The American Ceramic Society is pleased to introduce the 2016-2017 leadership. New officers and directors will be installed at the 118th Annual Membership Meeting on October 24, held in conjunction with MS&T16 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Society officers and directors Executive Committee President Structural Ceramics William Lee Director, UK Centre for Advanced Imperial College London London, U.K. Lee Board of Directors (new) Edwards Doreen Edwards Professor and dean, Rochester Institute of Technology Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester, N.Y. Dana Goski Harmer Martin Harmer Alcoa Foundation Distinguished Professor and senior faculty advisor for research initiatives, Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pa. 8 President-elect Michael Alexander Vice president Research and product development, Riverside Refractories Goski Inc. Pell City, Ala. Alexander Past president Mrityunjay (Jay) Singh Chief scientist, Ohio Aerospace Institute NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio Singh Treasurer Daniel Lease CFO, WT Holdings LLC Fremont, Ohio Lease Spahr Secretary Charlie Spahr Executive director, The American Ceramic Society Westerville, Ohio Director of research, Allied Mineral Products Inc. Columbus, Ohio Lynnette Madsen Lin Hua-Tay (H.T.) Lin Professor, Guangdong University of Technology P.R. China Madsen Program director of ceramics, National Science Foundation Arlington, Va. Board of Directors (returning) Geoff Brennecka Assistant professor, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colo. Ohji Tatsuki Ohji Prime senior research scientist, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Nagoya, Japan Gregory Rohrer W.W. Mullins Professor and department head of materials science and engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pa. Brennecka Manoj Choudhary Senior technical staff, Owens-Corning Science and Technology Center Granville, Ohio Choudhary Rohrer Parliamentarian David Johnson Editor, Journal of the American Ceramic Society Bedminster, N.J. Johnson www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS FOR POWDER COMPACTION Gasbarre | PTX-Pentronix | Simac Names in the news Madsen wins TMS Ellen Swallow Richards Diversity Award ACerS Fellow Lynnette Madsen was honored with the Ellen Swallow Richards Diversity Award from The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society. The award recognizes an individual who has helped or inspired others to overcome personal, professional, educational, cultural, or institutional adversity to pursue a career in minerals, metals, and/or materials and includes a $15,000 endowment. Madsen Narayan named America Makes ASME Fellow ACerS Fellow Roger Narayan, professor in the joint department of biomedical engineering at the University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, has been named Fellow through the Advanced Manufacturing Fellowship program sponsored by the American Society of Mechanical Narayan Engineers by America Makes, the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation center. Marcia Stout, senior manager, member services, retires from ACerS The Society congratulates Marcia Stout, senior manager, member services, on her retirement. Stout served the organization for more than a decade, working closely with ACerS members and divisions-her multifaceted role included (but was not limited to) management of the Society\'s awards program and member-related services. She is succeeded by Erica Zimmerman, who comes to ACers after serving as member engagement manager at the Ohio Fire Chiefs Association for nearly 12 years. Stout Snow Award increases to $1,500 for Ceramographic Competition ACerS Basic Science Division (BSD) has increased the prize for the Roland B. Snow Award from $100 to $1,500 for 2016. The Snow Award will be presented to the Best in Show of the Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition during MS&T16 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Digital submissions can be sent ahead of time and the BSD will have posters printed and delivered to the event at no charge to the presenter. Start working on your entries now! Deadline to submit is October 14. For competition rules and additional information, visit ceramics.org/snowaward. Mark your calendar for ACerS 118th Annual Meeting Attend ACerS 118th Annual Membership Meeting on Monday, October 24 at 1 p.m. in Salt Lake City, Utah. President Mritunjay Singh will report on the Society\'s initiatives over the last year and lead a \"town hall\" discussion with members. Incoming president William Lee will outline his goals for the coming year. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org HIGH SPEED, MECHANICAL, AND HYDRAULIC POWDER COMPACTION PRESSES FOR UNPRECEDENTED ACCURACY, REPEATABILITY, AND PRODUCTIVITY GASBARRE PRESS GROUP MONOSTATIC AND DENSOMATIC ISOSTATIC PRESSES FEATURING DRY BAG PRESSING 814.371.3015 www.gasbarre.com ŵ WINNER TECHNOLOGY in KOREA Choose among the MoSi2 Heating Elements!! 1700°C, 1800°C, and 1900°C from Korean-made. Winner-Super 1900 For R&D High Temperature Sintering For Dental Sintering Furnace For Stable and Longer Life CR WORKIN KR ŵ WINNER TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD TEL:+82-31-683-1867-9 X+82-31-683-1870 FA Email: info@winnertechnology.co.kr Homepage: www.winnertechnology.co.kr Address: # 581-17, Geumgok-ri, Anjung-eup, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 9 acers spotlight Awards and deadlines First call for 2017 awards Nominations for Society awards that will be presented at the annual awards banquet in October 2017 are now open. Additional information on each award, plus many division and class awards, is available at ceramics.org/awards. Nomination deadline for all awards is January 15, 2017, unless otherwise noted. Contact Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org or 614-7945821 with questions. Lifetime achievement or service awards Distinguished Life Membership ACerS highest honor given in recognition of a member\'s contribution to the ceramics profession. Nominees need to be current members who have attained professional eminence because of their achievements in the ceramic arts or sciences, service to the Society, or productive scholarship. W. David Kingery Award: recognizes distinguished lifelong achievements involving multidisciplinary and global contributions to ceramic technology, science, education, and art. John Jeppson Award: recognizes distinguished scientific, technical, or engineering achievements in ceramics. Greaves-Walker Lifetime Service Award: presented to an individual who has rendered outstanding service to the ceramic engineering profession and who has exemplified the aims, ideals, and purpose of National Insitute of Ceramic Engineers. Corporate awards Medal for Leadership in the Advancement of Ceramic Technology: recognizes individuals who, through leadership and vision in an executive role, have made significant contributions to the success of their organization and, in turn, have significantly expanded frontiers of the ceramics industry. Two medals are presented each year. 10 Corporate Environmental Achievement Award: recognizes an outstanding environmental achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. Corporate Technical Achievement Award: recognizes an outstanding technical achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. years old Young professional awards Richard M. Fulrath Award: promotes technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists. The award recognizes individuals for excellence in research and development of ceramic sciences and materials. Nominees must be 45 or younger at the time of award. Karl Schwartzwalder-Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award: recognizes an outstanding young ceramic engineer whose achievements have been significant to the profession. A nominee must be between 21 and 40 years of age and must be a member of NICE and ACerS. Robert L. Coble Award for Young Scholars: recognizes an outstanding scientist conducting research in academia, in industry, or at a government laboratory. Candidates must be ACerS members and must be 35 years old or younger. Du-Co Ceramics Young Professional Award: awarded to a young professional member of ACerS who demonstrates exceptional leadership and service to ACerS. Lecture awards Frontiers of Science and SocietyRustum Roy Lecture: given by a nationally or internationally recognized individual in the area of science, industry, or government. The committee selects the lecturer, but suggestions from membership are invited. Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture: selection is based on scholarly attainments in ceramics or a related field. Generally, the committee selects the lecturer, but suggestions from membership are invited. Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial Lecture Award: given to an individual who has made outstanding contributions to ceramic engineering that relate to the processing or manufacturing of ceramic products. Awardee must be a member of NICE and ACerS. Robert B. Sosman Award (deadline Feb. 28, 2017 for 2018 lecture): awarded by the Basic Science Division in recognition of outstanding achievement in basic science that results in a significant impact to the field of ceramics. Best paper awards Ross Coffin Purdy Award: given to the author(s) who made the most valuable contribution to ceramic technical literature during the calendar year two years prior to the year of selection. The 2017 Purdy award is for the best paper published in 2015. Richard and Patricia Spriggs Phase Equilibria Award: given to the author(s) who made the most valuable contribution to phase stability relationships in ceramic-based systems literature during the previous calendar year (2016). Educator award Ceramic Education Council Outstanding Educator Award: recognizes outstanding work and creativity in teaching, directing student research, or general educational process (lectures, publications, etc.) of ceramic educators. Division awards GOMD and ACerS Cements Division held their annual meetings in May and July, respectively, and presented several awards. ACerS Electronics Division and NETD will present awards at the 118th Annual Meeting held in conjunction with MS&T16. Congratulations to these deserving winners! www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 TA Instruments Cements Division Della Roy Lecture - Joseph J. Biernacki, Tennessee Technological University What do artificial intelligence, synthetic life-chemistry and nuclear fusion have to do with cement? (A vision for things to come) Student poster winners - Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign - Matthew Krafcik, Purdue University - Zhidong Zhang, Princeton University YouTube contest winners - Elizaveta Pustovgar, ETH Zurich - Yu Song, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Electronics Division Edward C. Henry Award - Neamul H. Khansur, Tadej Rojac, Dragan Damjanovic, Christina Reinhard, Kyle G. Webber, Justin A. Kimpton, and John E. Daniels Winning paper: \"Electric-field-induced domain switching and domain texture relaxations in bulk bismuth ferrite,\" Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 98 [12] 3884-3890 (2015) Lewis C. Hoffman Scholarship – Mallory Purnell, Missouri University of Science and Technology Glass and Optical Materials Division Alfred R. Cooper Distinguished Lecturer - Neville Greaves, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Wuhan University of Technology, China Where inorganic meets organic in the glassy state: Hybrid glasses and dental cements Alfred R. Cooper Scholar Award Winner Matthew A. Tuggle, Clemson University Novel approaches to glass optical fibers Student Poster Award Winners 1st place: Yongjian Yang, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2nd place: Mengyi Wang, University of California, Los Angeles 3rd place: Yinshan Chen, University of Wisconsin-Madison 3rd place: Xiaonan Lu, University of North Texas Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division D.T. Rankin Award - Theodore M. Besmann, University of South Carolina Best Paper Award - Tomofumi Sakuragi, Yu Yamashita, and Shigeto Kikuchi, Toshiba Corporation, Japan Winning paper: (presented at MS&T15) “Effect of hydration heat on iodine distribution in gypsum-additive calcium aluminate cement\" American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Discover More Advanced Ceramic and Glass Characterization . ⚫ DSC/TGA • Dilatometry ⚫Rheology • High Temp • Calorimetry •Thermal Conductivity & Viscometry Thermal Diffusivity Featuring our new line of vertical dilatometers with furnace options up to 2300°C www.tainstruments.com Your Thermal Investment Deserves Special Treatment L&L Special manufactures precision kilns, ovens and furnaces for technical and functional engineered ceramics and glass heat treating, decorating, sintering, powder processing, and tool rooms. 16 L&L Special FURNACE CO,INC Ilfurnace.com P:877.846.7628 E:sales@llfurnace.com 11 ● acers spotlight Students and outreach Free webinar: Making the transition from grad school to industry Mark your calendar for Friday, October 7 at 2 p.m. (EDT). In this webinar, Matt Creedon, Ph.D., Saint-Gobain, will discuss the transition from academia to the industrial workplace following graduation. The webinar, sponsored by ACerS Global Graduate Researcher Network and Young Professionals Network, will cover preparation for graduation, job search advice, how to make the transition from school to industry, and how to stay involved in ACerS after entering the workforce. Sign up by Wednesday, October 5 at www.ceramics.org/ academiatoindustry.■■ Apply by December 31 for Washington, D.C. engineering internship ACerS will support an intern in the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) 2017 program. Students who are U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents and are a junior or senior entering their final year of undergraduate studies are eligible. WISE also accepts applications from engineering graduates who are beginning masterslevel study in a technology policy-related degree. Applications are due December 31 at noon (EST). Learn more at ceramics.org/2017wise. ACers Winter Workshop at EMA is back for 2017! The ACerS Winter Workshop, designed for ceramic and glass students and young professionals from around the world, is planned for January 18–22, 2017, at the DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel in Florida. The workshop will focus on a combination of technical and professional development sessions and will conclude with a tour of the Kennedy Space Center. The five-day event will be held in conjunction with Electronic Materials and Applications (EMA) 2017, an international conference focused on electroceramic materials and their applications in electronic, electromechanical, magnetic, dielectric and optical components, devices and systems. For more information on the workshop and EMA, including registration fees and accommodations, visit ceramics.org/ema2017. Be part of student contests at MS&T16 Join fellow Material Advantage (MA) Student Members from around the world at MS&T16 in Salt Lake City, Utah, October 23-27, and make time to participate activities and contests exclusively for students. Undergraduate student speaking and poster contests Submit entries for the MA Undergraduate Student Speaking Contest and the Undergraduate Student Poster Contest by October 3. Rules for each contest can be found at materialadvantage. org/financial-opportunities/contests. Design contests for students Start working on your pieces for the ceramic mug drop and the ceramic disc golf contests. These popular contests will be held during MS&T16 on October 25. Thinking of entering this year? Contact Brian Gilmore at Brian.Gilmore@pxd. com with your intent to participate. Contact Tricia Freshour at tfreshour@ ceramics.org or 614-794-5827 with questions. For more information about student activities at MS&T16, visit matscitech.org/students. Traveling to 77th GPC? Student grants available The Glass Manufacturing Industry Council (GMIC) will offer $500 travel grants to 30 students attending the 77th Glass Problems Conference, November 7-10 in Columbus, Ohio. Students are also invited to attend the Holophane Plant Tour in Granville, Ohio, November 7 from noon to 4 p.m. Students must apply in advance to participate. To apply for a grant or register for the tour, contact Donna Banks at dbanks@gmic.org by September 30. CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation premieres new science kits The Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation (CGIF) is pleased to introduce its new Materials Science Classroom Kit, a revamped version of the kits developed several years ago by the ACerS President\'s Council of Student Advisors. Based on the success of the Teacher Demonstration Kit and Student Laboratory Kit, the new Materials Science Classroom Kit brings the magic of materials science to 7th through 12th grade classrooms. Utilizing feedback from teachers and other users, the best demonstrations and interactive labs were selected for inclusion in one convenient kit that provides an introduction to the basic classes of materials-ceramics, composites, metals, and polymers. Fun, hands-on lessons and labs introduce students to materials science while encouraging them to consider careers in the ceramic and glass industry. The cost to purchase or sponsor the new Materials Science Classroom Kit is $200. Corporate sponsors will be prominently recognized on the package so that schools receiving the kit will know of the sponsor\'s generosity. For more information on purchasing or donating a kit, contact Marcus Fish at 614-794-5863 or mfish@ceramics.org. 12 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Credit: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology ceramics in energy Just add water: Does adding moisture to perovskite solar cells boost efficiency? Scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) in Japan are delving deeper into what it is about the perovskite solar cell fabrication process that enhances effectiveness. \"Perovskite solar cells usually are exposed to ambient air for several hours after fabrication,\" explains an OIST press release-a procedure that increases perovskites\' efficiency, although the reason for this has not been well understood. says \"It\'s intriguing. Why do we need ambient air to enhance the effectiveness of perovskite solar cells?\" Zafer Hawash, first author of the study and an OIST Ph.D. student, in the release. \"Which component of the ambient air is linked to this phenomenon?\" Armed with these questions, the scientists focused on the top layer of perovskites-a logical choice, the team says, because the top-most layer is the one in direct contact with ambient air during fabrication and is most likely to be affected by the external environment. The top layer, also called the \"hole transport layer,\" contains a dopant that enhances electrical conductivity of the material, the release explains. \"It is known that the dopant of the hole transport layer plays a key role in perovskite solar cells\' performance,” adds Hawash. \"But it was not clear how.\" The team exposed the hole transport layer to environmental gases, particularly oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor. Using several methods, it monitored electrical properties of the hole transport layer to determine if or how the layer changed postexposure. \"What we found is that oxygen and nitrogen have no role in the redistribution of dopants,” Hawash explains. “But, in the case of moisture, the solar cells\' efficiency increases. This is the discovery: Moisture is the air component that causes redistribution of dopant across the material and, thus, enhancement of electric properties of the solar cells.\" The team explains that the hole transport layer has “many pinholes that allow passage of gases between ambient air and the material underneath.\" In this case, the dopant in the transport layer is lithium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI), which has water-absorbing properties. And, when the solar cells are exposed to moisture, water absorbed by the transport layer causes the dopant to redistribute, the release explains. But exposure to moisture must be controlled-too much can be damaging. During experimentation, the team also observed and documented the role of oxygen in perovskites\' performance. \"Oxygen enhances electrical conductivity of the transport layer as well, but this effect does not last long,\" says Hawash. \"But, with the right amount of exposure to moisture, the electric proprieties are irreversibly enhanced.\" The team concluded that, somewhat counterintuitively, exposing perovskites to water during fabrication is the \"most effective way to enhance the solar cells\' performance”—a development that Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology scientist Zafer Hawash sets up the hanging mercury drop electrode system for conductivity measurement. could pave the way for efficient, stable, and scalable perovskites. The study, published in Advanced Materials Interfaces, is \"Moisture and oxygen enhance conductivity of LiTFSI-doped spiro-MeOTAD hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells\" (DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600117). | Starbar and Moly-D elements are made in the U.S.A. with a focus on providing the highest quality heating elements and service to the global market. IR -- 50 years of service and reliability 50 1964-2014 I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511 Fax: (716)542-2100 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com www.isquaredrelement.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 13 research briefs Predicting atomic positions: Bayesian statistics enable more accurate materials characterization Researchers at North Carolina State University (Raleigh, N.C.), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, Md.), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge, Tenn.) have devised a new method for characterizing materials that can more accurately predict a material\'s crystallographic structure. \"This approach will allow us to analyze data from a wide variety of materials characterization techniques-all forms of spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, you name it-and more fully characterize all kinds of matter,\" ACerS Fellow Jacob Jones, a professor of materials science and engineering at NC State and coauthor of a paper on the work, says in a NC State news release. “Honestly, it\'s very exciting.\" Experiments to characterize materials usually make inferences from diffraction experiments. But the problem is that those inferences typically are made using oversimplified statistical models. Those models make assumptions about a material based on a single unit cell, and then extrapolate that unit cell across the entire material to predicts its overall properties. While such analysis is sufficient, it is really not very accurate. That is because models from a single unit cell use least squares analysis to estimate parameters of the structure, such as atomic positions and lattice constants, as single values-even though these parameters are heterogeneous across a material. The new method instead uses Bayesian statistics so that it does not have to reduce the parameters to single values-it gives them wiggle room. The method represents structural parameters, such as atomic distance, as probability distributions, which provide a richer prediction of a material\'s crystallographic structure. \"For example, atoms vibrate,\" Alyson Wilson, an NC State professor of statistics and co-author of the new paper, says in a NC State news release. \"And the extent of the vibration is controlled NITROGEN North Carolina State University graduate student Brienne Johnson performs an X-ray diffraction experiment. by their temperature. Researchers want to know how those vibrations are influenced by temperature for any given material. And Bayesian tools can give us probabilities of these thermal displacements in a material.\" Using probabilities, instead of single values, provides not only a better prediction of a material\'s structure overall, but also a better prediction of how a material will perform during applications and a better way of qualifying manufactured materials, Jones explains. And part of the incredible power of this new technique-beyond its ability to more accurately predict atomic positions-is its wide applicability because of the ubiquity of these types of experiments to characterize nearly all materials. But Jones also says the method may be particularly useful for characterizing certain types of materials. The new method is exceptionally useful for combining different types of data, so materials that require various characterization experiments now have a better model to predict their structures. For example, metal oxides often require neutron diffraction experiments because they provide better sensitivity to light elements in the presence of heavy elements, Jones explains. But highresolution X-ray diffraction can describe these materials\' lattice constants more accurately, so ideally a researcher would combine both methods to more accurately describe metal oxides. The new analysis method can then integrate these different types of data, and other types of data, too, to provide a much more thorough analysis of the metal oxides\' crystallographic structure. The open-access paper, published in Scientific Reports, is \"Use of Bayesian inference in crystallographic structure refinement via full diffraction profile analysis\" (DOI: 10.1038/srep31625). 14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Credit: North Carolina State AdValue Technology Wearable displays go \'thin as skin\' with novel transparent oxide thin-film transistors Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea) researchers have developed ultrathin, transparent oxide thin-film transistors for wearable displays. Previous attempts to create flexible transparent displays have faced real challenges-including poor transparency and low electrical performance, a KAIST press release explains. Those strategies relied on inorganic-based electronics, but the thermal instabilities of such substrates mean they cannot quite stand up to high-temperature fabrication processes. To solve this problem, the team fabricated high-performance, ultrathin, transparent oxide thin-film transistors by using an multistep inorganic-based laser lift-off (ILLO) method, the release explains. \"First, the team fabricated the thin-film transistor array on top of a sacrificial laser-reactive substrate. After laser irradiation from the backside of the substrate, only the oxide thin-film transistor arrays were separated from the sacrificial substrate as a result of reaction between laser and laser-reactive layer, and then subsequently transferred onto ultrathin plastics (4-μm thickness).\" The team then transferred the product to human skin to show its potential as a wearable display. \"By using our ILLO process, the technological barriers for high-performance transparent flexible displays have been overcome at a relatively low cost by removing expensive polyimide substrates,\" one of the researchers explains. \"Moreover, the high-quality oxide semiconductor can be easily transferred onto skin-like or any flexible substrate for wearable application.\" The research, published in Advanced Functional Materials, is \"Skin-like oxide thin-film transistors for transparent displays\" (DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201601296). Your Valuable Partner in Material Science! Powder Sample Pan Boat Crucible Sapphire Sample Plate Pan Tubing Sapphire Substrates Alumina from Powder to Sapphire Crystals & Ceramic Components Powder Wool Crucible Tubing Custom Quartz from Sand to Wool & Fused Quartz Components Cerium Oxide Polishing Powders Agate Mortar UV Quartz Cuvettes Zirconia Crucibles Ceramic Membrane Other Supplies for Material Processing and Characterization Http://www.advaluetech.com Tel: 1-520-514-1100, Fax: 1-520-747-4024 Email: sales@advaluetech.com 3158 S. Chrysler Ave., Tucson, AZ 85713, U.S.A A Deltech Furnaces We Build The Furnace To Fit Your Need Ultrathin, flexible, and transparent oxide thin-film transistors produced via KAIST\'s new inorganic-based laser lift-off | process. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Credit: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. A Standard or Custom www.deltechfurnaces.com A 303-433-5939 15 research briefs How does glass form? MDI research team set to get some answers on International Space Station Characterizing glass structure is elusive, because it is amorphous and impacted by almost everything: composition; thermal history; dimension; time; etc. Motivated by the need to understand and manipulate glass structure, glass researchers have sought accurate modeling strategies to drive innovation in the glass industry and its search for new compositions and better processes. Topological constraint theory has emerged as the predominant modeling tool. The underlying premise treats the glass network as nodes constrained by the rigid rods (bonds) that join them. An important factor to consider, however, is the temperature dependence of the localized \"rigid rod\" structure. man, In a recent paper, Materials Development Inc. (Arlington Heights, Ill.) approached the problem from a different theoretical angle. Oliver Alderlead author and R&D scientist at MDI, says in an email, “The powerful theory of topological constraints is unable to predict a broad maximum in sodium borate glass transition temperatures in the 20-50 mol% Na₂O composition region.\" Alderman et al. wanted to see whether approaching structure from the theoretical perspective of the thermodynamic model of ideal associated solutions could describe temperature-dependent structure changes. According to the paper, Research News Molten oxide droplet levitated in the electrostatic levitation furnace at Marshall Space Flight Center. ideal associated solutions \"describe an oxide liquid as an ideal solution of end member oxides and any stoichiometric compounds forming within the system.\" These investigations have commercially significant implications. Alderman says, \"Structure-dependent properties, Slicing through materials with a new X-ray imaging technique Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, N.Y.) have created a new imaging technique that allows scientists to probe the internal makeup of a battery during charging and discharging. Using a working lithium-ion battery, the researchers tracked phase evolution of lithium iron phosphate within the electrode as the battery charged. They combined tomography with X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy to yield a \"5-D\" image of the battery operating—a full 3-D image over time and at various X-ray energies. The scientists found that, during charging, lithium iron phosphate transforms to iron phosphate, but not at the same rate throughout the battery. For more information, visit bnl.gov/newsroom. Credit: Marshall Space Flight Center such as melt viscosity, play a crucial role in glassmaking.\" In addition, sodium borates are important end members of sodium borosilicate glasses with widespread commercial applications, such as Pyrex labware and optical components. The team used X-ray diffractometry on stoichiometric sodium borate (Na2B4O) melts suspended in an aerodynamic levitation furnace and, indeed, showed \"the existence of a continuous structural transition ... and that this can be reasonably well predicted by the thermodynamic model of ideal associated solutions.\" \"However,\" Alderman notes in the email, \"there are several cases where the thermodynamic model can be seen to fail, presumably because of nonideal mixing of the stoichiometric groupings. In the future it would be nice to see if there is any way to account for this and broaden the reach of the model and ideally try to combine it with constraint theory to get the best of both.\" A new MDI initiative may generate the data needed to unlock some of those mysteries. The company just learned that it was awarded one of 16 research slots on the International Space Station. Using the electrostatic levitation furnace onboard, MDI will be able to precisely measure thermophysical properties of molten metal oxides as they supercool. \"The value of low gravity for this work is Morphing nanotubes into tougher carbon for spacecraft Rice University (Houston, Texas) materials scientists are making nanodiamonds and other forms of carbon by smashing nanotubes against a target at high speeds. The researchers packed multiwalled carbon nanotubes into spherical pellets and fired them at an aluminum target in a two-stage light-gas gun, and then analyzed the results from impacts at three different speeds. At low velocity, a large number of nanotubes remained intact some even survived higher velocity impacts. But very few were found among samples smashed at hypervelocity. The researchers found that many, if not all, of the nanotubes split into nanoribbons. For more information, visit news.rice.edu. 16 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Credit: Ning Zhang; Rice University the lack of unwanted fluid motion that will allow us to make very precise measurements in diffusion-controlled conditions,\" says Richard Weber, MDI founder and CEO, in an email. The NASA-funded project is expected to begin fall 2016 and run four years. Weber says MDI will initially work on ground-based experiments using MDI and NASA levitation instruments for about two years to fine-tune compositions and experimental protocols, anticipating flight time in the third year. Meanwhile, Weber says, \"We will continue our separately funded ground-based work on melt structure at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. One midterm goal is to start linking melt structure, properties, and glass-forming behavior to get a better understanding of the glass formation process.\" The paper, published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry C, is “Temperature-driven structural transitions in molten sodium borates Na₂O-B₂O3: X-ray diffraction, thermodynamic modeling, and implications for topological constraint theory\" (DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10277). Nanoscale \'ductility\' strengthens concrete To find out what it takes to make concrete stronger and tougher, Rice University (Houston, Texas) researchers have analyzed more than 600 computer models of concrete\'s inner matrix. Their analysis shows that \"voids and portlandite particles are significant players in giving the material its remarkable qualities,\" according to a Rice press release. Why go so deep into the concrete structural void? Rouzbeh Shahsavari, theoretical physicist at Rice, and his team want to provide new insights that will inform design guidelines and strategies to make the cement hydrate at the heart of concrete more tunable at a molecular level. Although concrete appears s brittle, the team found that the material actually incorporates ductile fracture mechanisms at the nanoscale that help fortify it. Cement hydrate, known as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), Surface defects underpin improved efficiency of hybrid solar cells Researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Thuwal, Saudi Arabia) suspect that intrinsic defects in zinc oxide are a key factor in the poor performance of zinc oxide hybrid solar cells. By comparing the differences in electronic properties between various hybrid materials, the researchers concluded that zinc vacancies reduce conversion efficiency by hindering charge separation at the interface between organic and inorganic materials. The researchers used computer simulations to conclude that zinc oxide/organic heterojunctions developed so far are inefficient. The results have important implications for the development of hybrid solar cells. For more information, visit discovery.kaust.edu.sa. Rice University researchers used computer models of concrete\'s inner matrix to show how tiny holes filled with portlandite (blue) impart strength and toughness by impeding cracks. \"is the smallest building block in concrete, and we want to understand and control it to our advantage,\" Shahsavari says in the release. \"Modeling how its molecules interact helps us understand its nanoscale structure, defects, and fracture toughness. But, this is very difficult to study through experiments Thermcraft incorporated eXPRESS-LINE Laboratory Furnaces • Horizontal & Vertical Tube Furnaces, Single and Multi-Zone • Box Furnaces & Ashing Furnaces • Temperatures up to 1800°C • Made in the U.S.A. • • Spare parts always available SmartControl Touch Screen Control System www.thermcraftinc.com info@thermcraftinc.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org +1.336.784.4800 17 research briefs alone because of the scale of the features we are investigating.\" The team looked at how the interaction of either random air voids or random portlandite particles in C-S-H affect strength, stiffness, and toughness-specifically where voids meet crack formations. \"Besides C-S-H, portlandite is another product of cement hydration, but it forms in lower quantities compared with C-S-H and mainly exists as sort of inclusions or isolated islands surrounded by the C-S-H matrix,” Shahsavari explains. \"Because portlandite has crystalline features and mechanical properties different from C-S-H, its presence and distribution can significantly impact the mechanics of C-S-H.\" The researchers used computerized molecular dynamics simulations to delve deep into how cracks form and found they tend to follow the path of least resistance-cracks turn in the direction of either the nanovoids or the portlandite particles they encounter. Thus, voids and particles “alter\" the geometry of cracks as they propagate, which Shahsavari says likely contributes to concrete\'s strength. \"When it comes to cement hydrate\'s strength and toughness-properties that are typically exclusive in synthetic materials-random voids and portlandite particles play a key role by regulating a series of competing deformation mechanisms, such as crack growth, crack deflection, voids coalescence, internal necking, accommodation, and geometry alteration of voids and particles,\" Shahsavari says. “Our work decoded all such complex competing mechanisms.\" The team tested many variations of C-S-H—including C-S-H that is more amorphous than crystalline, like tobermorite concrete and found that the smaller the mean diameter of voids and particles, the tougher the concrete overall. The research, published in the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, is \"Balancing strength and toughness of calcium silicate hydrate via random nanovoids and particle inclusions: Atomistic modeling and statistical analysis\" (DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2016.07.021). New technique integrates oxides with silicon chips for \'smarter\' devices ACerS Fellow Jay Narayan and his team at North Carolina State University (Raleigh, N.C.)-together with scientists at the United States Army Research Office (White Oak, Md.)have “developed a way to integrate novel oxide materials onto a computer chip, allowing the creation of new smart devices and systems.\" These novel oxide materials include multiferroic materials, which have ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties; topological insulators, which act as insulators in bulk but have conductive properties on their surface; and novel ferroelectric materials, according to a NC State press release. And, when it comes to developing better sensors, nonvolatile computer memory, and microelectromechanical systems, Narayan and his team say these oxides have promise. \"These novel oxides normally are grown on materials that are not compatible with computing devices,\" Narayan says in the release. \"We now are able to integrate these materials onto a silicon chip, allowing us to incorporate their functions into electronic devices.\" The team\'s technique enables integration of these oxides onto two silicon-compatible platforms-a \"titanium nitride platform, for use with nitride-based electronics; and yttriastabilized zirconia, for use with oxide-based electronics,\" the release explains. The researchers created a variety of thin films that can be combined in various ways to best suit the oxides being used. The role of the thin films is \"to serve as a buffer,\" the release explains, that connects the silicon chip to the relevant oxides. These buffers align with the planes of the crystalline structure in the oxides and with the planes of the underlying substrate, creating a “communicating layer\" between materials. And that effective communication is the key that unlocks many possible applications, says Narayan. Research News Engineered \'sand\' may help cool electronic devices Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, Ga.) say that silicon dioxide nanoparticles coated with a high dielectric constant polymer can inexpensively provide improved cooling for increasingly power-hungry electronic devices. The silicon dioxide does not do the cooling itself. Instead, unique surface properties of the coated nanoscale material conduct heat at potentially higher efficiency than existing heat sink materials. The theoretical physics behind the phenomenon involves nanoscale electromagnetic effects created on the surface of the tiny silicon dioxide particles acting together. For more information, visit news.gatech.edu. Fluorescent, LED lighting could be cheaper with new phosphor Researchers from the University of Leuven in Belgium, University of Strasbourg in France, and French National Center for Scientific Research have discovered a new phosphor that could make next-generation fluorescent and LED lighting even cheaper and more efficient, by using highly luminescent clusters of silver atoms and zeolites. Although silver clusters tend to aggregate, the researchers found a way to keep them apart by inserting the clusters into the porous framework of zeolites. The researchers found that the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the \"silver zeolites\" were strongly influenced by the shape of the clusters, which is essential to obtain the right fluorescence properties. For more information, visit kuleuven.be. 18 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new technique to incorporate advanced materials onto silicon computer chips. \"Integrating these novel materials onto silicon chips makes many things possible,\" Narayan says. \"For example, this allows us to sense or collect data, to manipulate that data, and to calculate a response-all on one compact chip. This makes for faster, more efficient, lighter devices.\" And, the possibilities do not stop there. Narayan adds in the release that this development could lead to the creation of LEDs on silicon chips to make “smart lights,” technology that currently relies on the use of sapphire substrates that are not compatible directly with computing devices. \"We already have patented this integration technology and currently are looking for industry partners to license it,” Narayan adds. The paper, published in Applied Physics Reviews, is \"Multifunctional epitaxial systems on silicon substrates” (DOI: 10.1063/1.4955413). 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Current synthesis methods involve intricate layering steps as well as high degrees of heat, which limit the types of materials that can be used. The researchers designed a system that uses slow precipitation of minerals for a more uniform-and naturalformation of nacre. Analysis of the final synthetic product reveals that it is slightly less dense and less crack resistant than true nacre, but the synthetic material maintains mechanical properties similar to its natural counterpart. For more information, visit eurekalert.org. Your display ad will make you STAND OUT, place your ad in the . . . ceramicSOURCE Buyer\'s Guide Contact: Mona Thiel mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 • fx 614-891-8960 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 19 ceramics in biomedicine New ceramic scaffold materials promise better bone repair by stimulating the immune system When it comes to repairing the human body, how the body interacts with a material is just as important—if not more important-as the material itself. Now, researchers at Drexel University (Philadelphia, Pa.), along with collaborators at the University of Sydney in Australia, are looking to the body\'s immune system for insight into why some scaffold materials work better than others. According to a Drexel press release, the researchers are experimenting with baghdadite (Ca,ZrSi,O,) and strontiumhardystonite-gahnite (Sr-Ca₂ZnSi₂O₂ZnA₁₂O) ceramic scaffolds, which University of Sydney researchers developed and previously have shown can promote bone regeneration in animals. \"We wanted to know why these scaffolds were successful and to understand the contributions of macrophages to that process,\" Kara Spiller, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Drexel and senior author of the new study, says in the Drexel release. \"Once you understand those mechanisms, you can apply the information to regenerate other types of tissue besides bone.\" Macrophages are the immune system\'s cleanup crew-they are a type of white blood cell that gobbles up junk within the body, such as bacteria, cellular debris, and foreign particles. The scientists examined how the new scaffold materials compared with tricalcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite (TCP-HA) bone scaffolds, which are used clinically. By growing human macrophages on the three types of scaffolds in the lab, the team could measure how each material affected macrophages\' gene expression. In comparison with TCP-HA scaffolds, the new baghdadite and strontium-hardystonite-gahnite scaffolds activated the cells to transform into a particular variety called an M2c macrophage. M2c macrophages are involved in tissue repair and remodeling, so their presence on bone scaffolds indicates that these materials are better suited to catalyze repair. \"The macrophages degrade the scaffolds and shape them into something new,\" Spiller says in the release. \"And that is the holy grail of tissue engineering-that you make a scaffold that replaces itself with healthy tissue.\" The results suggest that certain materials can better stimulate the body to repair itself. So, choosing the right scaffold material is of utmost importance to optimize healing and tissue repair. The paper, published in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface, is \"In vitro response of macrophages to ceramic scaffolds used for bone regeneration\" (DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0346). A new ceramic scaffold material may help accelerate bone repair by stimulating the immune system. Credit: Scot Casey; Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 A newly developed sensor mote contains a piezoelectric crystal (silver-colored cube) plus a simple electronic circuit and is powered by ultrasound pulses produced by a transducer outside the body. Sand-sized sensors use piezoelectric crystals to monitor electrical activity of nerves, muscles, and more Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of next-generation implantable biomedical sensor that uses ultrasound to wirelessly communicate within the body. The sand grain-sized implantable sensors-which the researchers call neural dust motes-harness the power of piezoelectric crystals to record the electrical activity of muscles and nerves. Ultrasound powers the sensors and serves as their readout. The sensors\' piezoelectric crystals vibrate with ultrasound waves, generat ing electricity to power a tiny transistor aboard the mote. By harnessing the power of piezoelectricity, the sensors require no batteries, wires, or power packs. Bodily changes in electricity—when a nerve cell fires, for example-affect how the crystal vibrates, altering the readout signal of the sensor, or backscatter, which can be detected outside the body. Using rats, the team so far has shown that the sensor can report electrical activity from peripheral nerves and muscles, but the proof-of-concept has bigger implications. \"I think the long-term prospects for neural dust are not only within nerves 20 20 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Credit: Ryan Neely; University of California, Berkeley and the brain, but much broader,\" Michel Maharbiz, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences and one of the study\'s two main authors, says in a UC Berkeley press release. “Having access to in-body telemetry never has been possible, because there has been no way to put something supertiny superdeep. But now I can take a speck of nothing and park it next to a nerve or organ, your GI tract, or a muscle and read out the data.\" The small sensors are currently 3 mm by 1 mm by 0.8 mm, but the researchers are working to shrink them even smaller— a requirement for integration with the central nervous system, which also would open the door to autonomous control of prosthetics. \"The vision is to implant these neural dust motes anywhere in the body and have a patch over the implanted site send ultrasonic waves to wake up and receive necessary information from the motes for the desired therapy you want,\" graduate student Dongjin Seo says in the release. “Eventually you would use multiple implants and one patch that would ping each implant individually or all simultaneously.\" A UC Berkeley video about the stimulating development is available at youtu.be/o00zy30n_jQ. The paper, published in Neuron, is “Wireless recording in the peripheral nervous system with ultrasonic neural dust\" (DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.034). Ceramic-based laser cuts into tissues, composites Scientists at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the company IRE-Polus (Moscow, Russia) have developed a ceramic-based laser that has just the right wavelength to cut its way into key industries. The team crafted a laser from rare-earth compound lutetium oxide doped with thulium ions (Tm³: Lu₂O3). According to an MIPT press release, the laser\'s energy-radiation conversion efficiency exceeds 50%, whereas other solid-state lasers achieve only ~20% efficiency. In addition, lasers from polycrystalline ceramics offer some significant benefits over single-crystal lasers—they are less expensive and easier to manufacture. Although ceramic-based lasers are not a new concept, the thulium ions make this new material perfect for a surgical laser-the ceramic emits infrared radiation with a wavelength of 1,966-2,064 nm. \"Radiation from the most common infrared lasers, with a wavelength of ~1 μm, has very little absorption and penetrates deep into biological tissue, which causes coagulation and large areas of \'dead\' tissue,\" Ivan Obronov, lead author of the new work and MIPT researcher, says in the MIPT release. \"A surgical scalpel needs to ‘operate\' at a very specific depth, which is why 2-µm lasers are used, as they do not damage underlying tissue.\" Surgical 2-μm lasers often are holmium lasers, which are American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org expensive and not all that portable or precise-bad qualities for a surgical laser. \"Ceramic lasers have a significant competitive advantage-they are cheaper to manufacture, simpler, and more reliable, and approximately four times more compact than holmium lasers. They will be ideal for surgical use,\" Obronov says in the release. A newly developed lutetium oxide-based material shows promise as an inexpensive and compact surgical laser. In addition to slicing through biological tissues, the new laser also could be useful for cutting and engraving polymers and composites in industrial settings, the researchers say. The paper, published in Optics Letters, is \"Highly efficient 2-μm CW and Q-switched Tm³*:Lu₂O₂, ceramics lasers in-band pumped by a Raman-shifted erbium fiber laser at 1670 nm\" (DOI: 10.1364/OL.41.002298). TT TevTech MATERIALS PROCESSING SOLUTIONS Custom Designed Vacuum Furnaces for: • CVD SiC Etch & RTP rings • CVD/CVI systems for CMC components Sintering, Debind, Annealing Unsurpassed thermal and deposition uniformity Each system custom designed to suit your specific requirements Laboratory to Production Exceptional automated control systems providing improved product quality, consistency and monitoring Worldwide commissioning, training and service www.tevtechllc.com Tel. (978) 667-4557 100 Billerica Ave, Billerica, MA 01862 Fax. (978) 667-4554 sales@tevtechllc.com 21 Credit: Quasic; Flickr CC BY-SA 2.0 President\'s report on ACerS strategic initiatives By Mrityunjay Singh ACerS president The American Ceramic Society Mrityunjay Singh In the fall of 2015, the ACerS Board of director Charlie Spahr to lead a SWOT analysis across our organization. Although a SWOT-strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats-analysis can serve various purposes, the goal of this SWOT exercise primarily was to identify opportunities for growth as well as areas where we could improve services to members. Board members, division and principal activity committee leaders, student and young professional representatives, and senior staff members contributed SWOTS for their areas of activity-in all, about 30 SWOTS. After analysis, six major themes emerged: membership; division support; journals and proceedings; external partnerships; volunteer activity; and the Ceramic Publications Company. ACerS leaders and senior staff met in January prior to the ICACC meeting for a workshop-style session to identify priorities and action items. Although we have not followed up all themes during 2016 (which was never expected), ACerS has made significant progress in several areas that we continue to build upon. Membership We widely agreed that ACerS needed to improve its support for membership and grow its base in three distinct areas-students and young professionals, corporate, and international. We are pleased to report that all three categories have grown in 2016, and the Society established a foundation for further growth as well. We started the Lifetime Membership option in response to a request from members. Also, ACerS strengthened its personnel in this area with the hiring of a new director of membership to develop and lead membership strategic initiatives. Students and young professionals This group grew with added support from divisions, often in the form of travel support to division meetings and division student awards. Also, the Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation engaged new groups of students with programs, such as the new Winter Workshop, which coincides with the January meetings (Electronic Materials and Applications and the International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites); supporting Key Professors at five universities; and providing travel support for students to attend summer schools abroad. ACerS Global Graduate Research Network proves to be an attractive point of entry to the Society for graduate students working in the field. Corporate Members ACerS established a new vital program to create more value for Corporate Members to engage with the Society. Ceramics Expo, discounts for ACerS meetings, and advertising are a few of the partnering opportunities corporations have embraced. We also have started a new medal to recognize corporate executives, the ACerS Medal for Leadership in the Advancement of Ceramic Technology. Two inaugural medals (one to an Americas-based executive and the other from outside of the Americas) will be awarded during the ACerS awards banquet in Salt Lake City. International outreach Today, nearly 40% of ACerS members work outside the United States, and this membership is growing. Myself, Charlie Spahr, and incoming president Bill Lee expanded ACerS network with trips to Thailand and Singapore. We signed a memorandum of understanding with the Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers for joint collaboration on the Materials Challenges for Alternative and Renewable Energy meeting and other activities. We laid groundwork to establish ACers\' first international chapters in late 2016 and early 2017. In addition, ACerS past presidents visited members and sister societies during their international travels under the Presidential Ambassadorship Program. 22 22 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Division support ACerS is in the second year of a two year \"experiment\" through which divisions are able to apply for an additional $2,500/ year for growth initiatives. Most divisions receiving these supplemental funds used them to attract and support new students and young professionals. This program was extended to Society sections in 2016. The overall response to this initiative is very positive, and the BOD will vote at this year\'s Annual Meeting on whether to extend the supplemental funding program. The BOD and division leaders also will meet in Salt Lake City to discuss ways to further empower divisions and encourage their growth. As divisions and sections grow, so does ACerS itself! Journals and proceedings As a direct result of our SWOT session, ACerS determined to take a strategic review of its journals and proceedings activities. Our journals Journal of the American Ceramic Society, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, and International Journal of Applied Glass Science-are leaders in the field, are important member benefits, and are significant contributors to ACerS financial health. We engaged a consulting firm that specializes in this field and worked with them to complete the analysis and propose a set of actions to improve journal quality, timeliness, and comprehensiveness. The work included an analysis of journal contents as well as our processes and business relationship with our publishing partner, Wiley. At present, staff is discussing these recommendations with journal editorial committees, the Publications Committee, and the BOD. We expect to implement some, not most, of the recommendations, and we will keep members up to date as we roll these out in 2017. Stay tuned! Ceramic Publications Company In August, ACerS BOD authorized an investment to improve substantially the Ceramic Arts Daily (CAD) web-based business platform. CAD is the \"growth engine\" of the Ceramic Publications Company (CPC), the subsidiary of ACerS serving ceramic artists and potters. CPC produces two magazinesCeramics Monthly and Pottery Making Illustrated and more than 100 books and instructional videos. CPC maintains Potter\'s Council-a membership organization of about 3,000 potters and artists in addition to reaching an audience of more than 100,000 through CAD. These educational services for potters and artists generate significant revenue to support ACerS\' mission of engaging and promoting ceramic and glass science and industry. This investment will help ensure that CPC, and ACerS, remain healthy for years to come. In summary, I would like to inform the membership that the Society really is blessed to have an excellent global network of members and volunteers as well as hard working staff at headquarters. Please come and join us in this exciting journey and make a difference! Attend ACerS 118th annual meeting at MS&T16! October 24 at 1-2 p.m., room 355F of the Salt Palace Convention Center in Salt Lake City, Utah Enjoy full access to EMA Jan. 18-20 ACerS Winter Workshop DOUBLETREE SEAWORLD | ORLANDO, FLA. USA January 18 - 22, 2017 Ceramic and glass students and young professionals: Come to the Winter Workshop to learn, network, and build your career! One-day focused session on January 21: Electronics interactive tutorial - Explore the newest processing and characterization developments in ceramics for next-generation electronics Career development - Learn career building tips and strategies from industry leaders Numerous networking opportunities! - Welcome reception on Wednesday EMA banquet on Thursday - Daily intersession breaks Self-guided tour of the Kennedy Space Center on January 22! The American Ceramic Get more information and register at ceramics.org/winterworkshop Society www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 23 Many of Corning Incorporated\'s activities in France relate to specialty glasses. 24 bulletin | cover story Global groundbreaker: France innovates and collaborates to serve society From bioceramic breakthroughs to sodium-ion innovations, France\'s research teams catalyze ceramic and glass advances. By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht \'rance plays host to 84 million visitors each year-which means that during any 12-month period, the ratio of travelers to residents is 1.3:1. But, if the French are outnumbered by their own tourists, they are represented in scientific achievement at a volume that is disproportionate to their population size. France is the only country with two organizations named to the top five on the 2015 Reuters Top 25 Global InnovatorsGovernment list. On the list overall, it is tied with Japan for second place with four organizations, behind six from the United States and ahead of Germany, with three. Leading that list is the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, known as CEA, which in May signed a research and development agreement with Intel for increased collaboration in “several key areas of digital technology.\" Joint research in the area of high-performance computing will include pursuit of the development of new materials to further miniaturize electronic components used in mobile phones. (Also in the top five was CNRS, France\'s National Center for Scientific Research. See the sidebar for information on this mammoth organization.) The CEA initiative is driven in part by priorities established by the European Union\'s Horizon 2020 program, which launched in 2014 and will invest almost €80 billion in research and development over the course of seven years. This money, in tandem with private investment, is intended to generate a spate of European \"breakthroughs, discoveries, and worldwww.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 firsts\" that move \"great ideas from the lab to the market.\" Another European Union directive driving innovation is the Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals. Known as REACH, it \"shifts responsibility from public authorities to industry with regard to assessing and managing the risks posted by chemicals\" and has an impact on \"companies across many sectors beyond the chemical industry.\" For example, when the REACH regulation was announced, Alteo had to consider its significance with regard to the company\'s environmental footprint-particularly in relation to bauxite residue. In addition to evaluating alumina\'s status within the requirements, the company also is reworking its overall strategy. \"We need to become more specialized and more focused on higher-quality, higherpurity, better products, and that will continue,\" says Mike Rodgers, director of marketing business development and communication at Alteo Gardanne. In late July, Alteo received an offer from Imerys for the acquisition of its Alteo ARC and Alufin plants. Negotiations were at an early stage as this article went to press, and there is no guarantee that the sale will go through, but it does align with Alteo\'s shift in strategy. Its biggest impact would be with regard to Alteo\'s refractory and abrasives customers. Areas of specialty sales that the company hopes to move into or penetrate further include higher-value refractory, ceramic, and glass markets. “Historically, Gardanne is quite a big plant for nonmetallurgical aluminas,\" Rodger says. \"The capacity for Gardanne is 500,000 tons a year, which is big for a nonmetCNRS: Service-centered research The National Center for Scientific Research works in service to society and science The French government founded the country\'s National Center for Scientific Research in 1939. Its mission is to conduct research \"capable of advancing knowledge and bringing social, cultural, and economic benefits for society,\" and this focus is key to understanding the way the organization works and how it selects its fields of inquiry. At CNRS, research can drive commercial opportunity, and commercial opportunity can drive research—but underpinning every venture is the mandate to serve society. Regardless of a project\'s focus, it must serve societal needs. \"Our basic mission at CNRS is not to work for companies,\" says CNRS researcher Thierry Chartier. \"It is to improve the knowledge and know-how-the science-for the benefit of everybody, of the whole society. Of course we work with companies. Otherwise we do not have enough funding for research. So, we always have to find a good balance between the industry-driven work and the basic research, which is our mission.\" The organization has achieved a remarkable record of performance within those parameters. During the first year of the Horizon 2020 program, CNRS submitted 1,229 project proposals, of which 231 were approved. This became an engine for the country achieving the highest selection rate that year, when 18.5% of approved projects originated in France. Optoelectronics research, bone tissue engineering, and biosensors used in cancer therapies are strong areas of focus, in line with the mandate to serve societal needs. \"We also work on environment, so basic research lines are linked to how we can develop novel ceramics taking advantage of what nature is capable to do, trying to mimic nature,\" says CNRS researcher Fabrice Rossignol. \"There is a big consideration with sustainable development as well, whether for energy production, energy savings, or storage.\" Other areas of focus at CNRS labs include process intensification-strategies for reducing the energy cost of a process-nanomaterials processing, and the additive manufacturing value chain. Partnerships are key to pursuing innovation in these fields, and the organization is \"strongly convinced that, today, it is not possible to perform good research with visibility at the international level without working with others, and especially outside France,\" Chartier says. \"You can be skilled in a few things at a high level, but not in everything, so we are encouraged to establish collaborations with international institutions.\" allurgical alumina plant. We have a number of commodity businesses, applications, and so on that we supply. So, by focusing purely on Gardanne, it will help us develop and concentrate all our interests on specialty aluminas-ceramics, refractories, glass.\" Another of this year\'s environmental developments is an initiative announced in January by Saint-Gobain Sekurit and Corning Incorporated. The companies established a joint venture to \"develop, manufacture, and sell lightweight automotive glazing solutions\" in response to global industry demand for glazing solutions that “improve fuel efficiency, environmental impact, and vehicle handling.\" This is the companies\' second collaboration, following on the success of EuroKera, which develops glass-ceramic cooktops, in keeping with Corning\'s focus on advanc A scientist at the CNRS Interuniversity Material Research and Engineering Centre in Toulouse, France, holds an oxide thin film deposited on a glass slide to study its photocatalytic properties. The two researchers work in a lab that is \"highly focused on ceramic processing, and we are recognized for this at the international level. But we come from Limoges, and Limoges is a nice place, but a small city,\" Rossignol says. \"CNRS always is thinking not only at the national level, but also at the European level or international level.\" For that reason, he and his colleagues are \"always happy\" to launch a joint venture with an international partner-ideally one that understands and embraces the need to work in line with CNRS mandates. Credit: Hubert Raguet; CNRS Photothèque American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 25 25 Global groundbreaker: France innovates and collaborates to serve society Scientists at the Corning European Technology Center are designing new glasses and improving glass crystallization. ing heat-resistant glass-ceramics. Research fellow Monique Comte works extensively on the EuroKera project and focuses generally on research and development of new glass and ceramics. \"Another important topic is glass forming,\" she says. \"It is a good thing to have glass composition, but after, you need a method to form the glass, to shape it.\" Daniel Ricoult, director of the Corning European Technology Center, notes that many of the company\'s activities in France relate to sophisticated speIntercontinental commerce cialty glasses, such as those used in ophthalmic lenses or high-refractive glasses. His team\'s support extends to designing new materials, improving the glass crystallization cycle, and ensuring that materials have the necessary attributes. Precision testing and analysis are essential to this work, and his team\'s expertise in \"understanding and testing what makes components work” is valuable within the plant, to the business overall, and \"ultimately to customers, with whom we interact very closely in Influential and bigger than realized, France puts cross-border enterprise on the map Most people think of France as a European country, and they are not wrong—but the French Republic is larger and more geographically dispersed than that. Since the beginning of this century, the former territories French Guiana (South America), Guadeloupe and Martinique (both in the Caribbean), Mayotte (an island in the Mozambique Channel, midway between northern Mozambique and Madagascar), and Reunion (an Indian Ocean island east of Madagascar) have been reclassified as French regions and full members of the Republic. As of July 2015, the country\'s total population was 66,553,766-or 62,814,233 if you count only those living on the continent. Urban dwellers comprise 79.5% of the total. Its labor force was estimated at 29.84 million in 2015-services account for 75.7% of the workforce, followed by industry (21.3%) and agriculture (3%). The unemployment rate for 2015, including the overseas regions, stood at 9.9%, unchanged from 2014 and up from 7.8% in 2008. Youth unemployment has been a particular challenge for the country and peaked at 25.4% in the fourth quarter of 2012. It has improved marginally since then. France achieved 1.1% growth in its GDP from 2014 to 2015, following increases of 0.2% and 0.7% in the two preceding years. Its 2015 GDP (purchasing power parity) was estimated at $2.422 trillion, or $41,200 per capita. However, this growth falls short of expectations, and public debt is an enormous challenge in 2015-it exceeded 68% of GDP, and it may reach 100% this year. Credit: Corning Incorporated Europe,\" he says. \"We are recognized within Corning global as the center of excellence in this area.\" The need for ceramics that perform in extreme conditions also drives research at the Laboratory of Thermostructural Composites. Director Gerard L. Vignoles, who also is on the faculty at the University of Bordeaux, is working on applications related to atmospheric re-entry, transformation of ceramic foams for use in energy management, and applications related to chemical engineering. Each area of development focuses on creating materials that are able to withstand exposure to extreme temperatures. An additional, emerging field of inquiry is ceramic-matrix composites for components in civil aircraft engines. This research is spurred by world, not just European, market demand for aircraft that make more efficient use of fuel and reduce emissions of nitrous oxide. \"Everything is pushing this material to appear,\" Vignoles says. \"Lighter materials are capable of operating at higher temperatures, which are more efficient and more environmentally friendly.” Also on the energy frontier is work being conducted by RS2E, the Services, industry, and agriculture generate 79%, 19.3%, and 1.7% of GDP, respectively, and the industrial production growth rate for 2015 was 0.5%. Leading industries include machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, and food processing. France is closing its trade gap. In 2015, export and import volume were $509.1 billion and $539 billion, respectively. Year over year, that marks a decrease from $584.5 billion in exports and $631.1 billion in imports during 2014. Leading French commodity exports are machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, and beverages. Commodity imports are led by machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, and chemicals. Germany is the country\'s top trading partner for exports and imports. Leading foreign commerce partners for export and import also include Belgium, Spain, Italy, the U.K., and the U.S. The Netherlands and China also are key import partners. For further details and export support, see the Export.gov France Country Commercial Guide, Doing Business in France page, and information on business service providers-French representatives, agents, and distributors who the U.S. government has determined are available and qualified to help U.S. firms launch their products and services in France. Additional resources include a compendium of economic data and reports maintained by the U.S. Embassy in Paris and the American Chamber of Commerce in France website. There also are French American Chambers of Commerce in many major U.S. cities, including Atlanta, Boston (New England), Charlotte, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville, New York, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. ■ 26 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Research Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage. As its name implies, the network\'s focus is energy storage devices, including rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and \"other alternative techniques intended for multiple commercial products.\" Late last year, RS2E announced that it had produced the first sodium-ion battery in the industry-grade 18650 format. \"The energy density performance (90 W⚫h/kg) is above expectations,\" the organization says, “especially considering the excellent cycle life (at least 2,000 charge/discharge cycles).\" As these ventures suggest, French research laboratories, institutes, and corporations depend on collaboration and knowledge sharing, and they welcome the opportunity to form cross-border partnerships, within the European Union and worldwide. CNRS alone has 35 international joint units in operacatech an Na-ion Rechargeable High Power 150 French scientists recently developed the first rechargeable sodium-ion battery in an industry-grade format. tion, including five created in 2014. And the organization notes that 95% of its research and service units \"operate in partnership with academic and research institutions or other types of organizations and businesses, in France and abroad.\" Associations, institutes, and government agencies ANDRA French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix-Blanche 92298 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX Phone: 33 1 4611 80 00 Website: http://www.andra.fr/international France took an early lead in establishing public policy with regard to radioactive waste management. In 1991, Parliament created ANDRA and made the agency responsible for identifying and implementing safe solutions. The country adopted deep disposal and established the Cigeo project and the Meuse/Haute-Marne reversible geological disposal facility for radioactive waste. CEA French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission CEA/Siege (Essone), 91191 Gif-sur Yvette CEDEX Phone: 33 1 6450 1000 Website: http://english.cea.fr The CEA operates 10 centers of research and development located throughout France and 51 joint research units that generated 753 priority patent filings in 2015. Its work is concentrated in the areas of defense and security, nuclear energy (fission and fusion), renewable energies, climate and environment, technological research for industry, and fundamental research in physical and life sciences. Since 1972, its work has sparked the launch of 187 startup ventures in the innovative technologies sector. European Ceramics Centre 12 rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges CEDEX Phone: 33 5 8750 2300 Website: http://www.cec.unilim.fr/indexEn The European Ceramics Centre serves as a nexus of higher education and ceramic materials research by leading laboratories. Located in a technology and research park, it is adjacent to the European Ceramics Cluster, where a €247 million budget funds 171 projects. Areas of research focus include gas detection and antipollution filters; bioceramics for implants and bone reconstruction; electronics, optics, and photonics; aeronautical and aerospace applications related to improving resistance to extreme temperature and friction; energy conservation via hydrogen synthesis, fuel cells, turbine components, and nuclear power stations; automotive coatings; refractory materials; and materials for the housing sector. The Centre also houses the Laboratoire de Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface and L\'Unité Mixte de Recherche Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface. CNRS National Center for Scientific Research 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris CEDEX 16 Phone: 33 1 4496 4000 Directory of contacts by discipline: http://www.cnrs.fr/en/ home/contacts.htm Website: http://www.cnrs.fr Organized under the French Ministry of Education and Research, CNRS comprises the Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Ecology and the Environment, Engineering and Systems Sciences, Information Sciences and Technologies, and Physics as well as the National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy, the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, and the National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics. See the sidebar for an overview of the organization\'s objectives and work related to ceramic technologies. Professor Anne Leriche, who teaches at the University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambrésis and works in the university\'s Laboratory of Ceramic Materials and Associated Procedures, is a past president of the 27-member-nation European Ceramic Society. Her work Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry of Bordeaux 87 avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac Phone: 33 5 4000 2650 Website: http://www.icmcb-bordeaux.cnrs.fr/?lang=en With expertise in solid-state chemistry, materials science, and molecular science, the institute uses its capabilities in synthesis, shaping, and characterization of materials on projects related to energy, functional materials, nanomaterials, and environment and sustainable development. Its research and development of nanomaterials focuses on discovery of new materials and properties. Areas of inquiry include chemistry in supercritical media; organic-inorganic hybrids; nano-objects and functionalized naonparticles; magnetic, ferroelectric, and luminescent nanoparticles; nanomaterials for electrodes in batteries or fuel cells; and photophysics. Institute for the Separation Chemistry in Marcoule Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426 BP 17171 F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze CEDEX Phone: 33 4 6633 9279 Website: http://www.icsm.fr/index.php?project=icsm_engl ICSM operates the Laboratory for Nanomaterials for Energy and Recycling, which conducts research related to the use of nanomaterials in the field of energy. Areas of inquiry include separative chemistry (solid-liquid or with phase transformation) and nanostructured materials (fuel and confinement materials) and cover synthesis methods of nanostructured materials and their functionality, characterization, and behavior under stress. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 22 27 Credit: Vincent GUILLY/CEA Global groundbreaker: France innovates and collaborates to serve society Momm Calcium phosphate bone substitute developed in the lab of Anne Leriche. The material is designed to have differing porosities to mimic compact and spongy bone. focuses on bioceramics for bone substitution. \"We study different processing techniques to control the porosity, size, and shape and to try to remake the natural bone,\" she says. In recent years, she has been exploring the use of 3-D printing, which allows modification of shapes and angles. Her areas of research extend to ceramic coatings and nanocomposites. As a university professor, she is particularly committed to ECerS goal of promoting \"activities interesting to the young Credit: Anne Leriche ceramicists in Europe” and helping them \"to progress in their work and to get better positions.\" The organization hosts an international conference in Europe every two years and promotes interest in all ceramics development, with an emphasis on technical ceramics, she says. At the most recent conference, topics of particular interest included bioceramics, dental applications, and carbide ceramics. Another transcontinental initiative is Europe Makes Ceramics, a European network pursuing developments in additive manufacturing of ceramics. The organization was launched by academic members and plans to integrate corporate members soon. Modeled on America Makes (Youngstown, Ohio), its goal is to increase European competitiveness in this field, but collaboration is not closed to organizations beyond the continent. \"American partners-especially the ones involved in America Makes-are very welcome to establish collaborations or some links with EMC to get an even higher coordination at the international level between America and Europe,\" says CNRS researcher Thierry Chartier. \"We also are trying to establish connections with America Makes.\" Associations, institutes, and government agencies Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnology Avenue Henri Poincaré CS 60069, 59 652 Villeneuve d\'Ascq CEDEX Phone: 33 3 2019 7979 Website: http://www.iemn.fr/en/the-institute Created by CNRS in collaboration with two universities and an engineering school, IEMN engages in scientific activity that covers a spectrum from the physics of materials and nanostructures to microwaves, telecommunications, and acoustics instrumentation. It characterizes itself as \"very open to international collaborations\" and notes that more than 20 countries are represented by more than 100 scientists who currently work at IEMN. Among its fundamental areas of research are nanostructures, nanocomponents, and molecules, with a focus on “studies of thin layers, heterostructures and periodic structures, and nanostructures (2-D, 1-D, O-D) of advanced materials for electronics, optics, acoustics, optoelectronics, and nanotechnology.\" Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics, and Cosmochemistry 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris Phone: 33 1 4427 4427 Website: http://www.impmc.upmc.fr/en The IMPMC uses a multidisciplinary approach to research by teams whose members have backgrounds in physics, earth science, and biology. It uses experimental platforms to investigate \"interactions between the living world (including bacteria) and the mineral world,\" including issues \"related to the alteration of minerals of the environment, modeling of protein complexes by cryo-electron microscopy, or the synthesis of ultrahard materials under extreme conditions.” One current area of research is \"the study of magnetism in nano-objects for which their low dimensionality (0-D for nanoparticles, 1-D for wires, and 2-D for surfaces) creates emerging physical and chemical properties.\" Institute for Nanosciences and Cryogenics Website: http://inac.cea.fr/en Based in Grenoble, INAC is a leading researcher in topics related to condensed matter, soft matter, and cryogenics. Its work in physics, chemistry, and at the interface with biology falls for the most part within the parameters of nanoscience, and its programs focus on such strategic areas as low-carbon energy, information technology, heath technology, global defense and security, development and use of large facilities, and cryogenics for space and for large facilities. The organization describes its “three major commitments\" as publishing pioneering results, training top scientists through doctoral and postdoctoral studies, and protecting the intellectual property generated as its breakthroughs are converted into applications, which result in 25 patent awards annually. There is an established process for universities, institutes, and corporations in the United States that want to collaborate with French colleagues. Those interested should begin by searching the European Research Council\'s database to identify researchers at work in fields relevant to their areas of interest. That will allow identification of French laboratories at work on related projects. Contact made at a higher level-such as the national CNRS headquarters in Paris also can work for larger institutions, but that is not always the most constructive approach. \"The directors of those labs are quite focused on the research line and are very accessible,\" CNRS researcher Fabrice Rossignol says. “If you know your needs, the best way is to contact the director, who always will answer or at least forward your request to relevant colleagues.\" Bear in mind that French laboratories and institutes favor longterm partnerships over project-specific research ventures. But if there are strong parallels between the research objectives and those of a French research lab, it is possible to begin the relationship there and expand it as opportunities arise. Paris Institute of Chemistry Research Website: http://www.ircp.cnrs.fr/?lang=en The institute\'s research encompasses a broad spectrum of chemical and physicochemical science topics, from molecular and polymer chemistry to energy, materials, and processes. Its research groups are organized to include: Theoretical Chemistry and Modeling; Materials for Photonics and OptoElectronics; Resources and Materials for a Sustainable Energy; Interfaces, Electrochemistry, Energy; Physical Chemistry of Historical Materials; Physical Chemistry of Surfaces; Structural Metallurgy; Plasma, Processes, Microsystem; Organometallic Chemistry and Polymerization Catalysis; and Catalysis, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Sustainable Development. Laboratory for Thermostructural Composites 3 allée de la Boetie 33600 Pessac Phone: 33 5 5684 4700 Website: http://www.lcts.u-bordeaux1.fr/KitSC/modeles/ enintroduction.htm The Laboratory for Thermostructural Composites conducts research into \"ceramic composite materials for applications in extreme environments: at high temperatures, under mechanical and thermal constraints, under oxidation, and even under irradiation,\" the organization\'s website notes. Included in its mission are completion of fundamental research and development of future specialists in ceramic composites. 28 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Associations, institutes, and government agencies MINATEC 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38054 F-Grenoble CEDEX 9 Website: http://www.minatec.org/en The MINATEC campus is a center of research that uses cross-disciplinary collaboration to accelerate microtechnology and nanotechnology. Its areas of focus include memory, MEMS, biochips and biosystems, photonics, RF components and systems, and spintronics. Within that context, it maintains dedicated research platforms for upstream technology, nanocharacterization, CIME nanotech, MEMS 200, Nanotec 300, nanosafety, chemistry, integrated circuit design, and biology and healthcare technologies. The organization files more than 350 patents and publishes more than 1,600 scholarly works annually and maintains strong industry ties throughout the world-it receives visits from 80 foreign delegations each year and engages in joint projects with leading centers in the United States, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. French Ceramic Society 6-8 rue de la réunion, Les ULIS, 91955 Courtaboeuf cedex Phone: 33 1 5656 7000 Website: http://www.ceramique.fr CORPORATIONS Alteo Route de Biver - B.P.62, 13541 Gardanne CEDEX Phone: 33 4 4265 2222 Website: https://www.alteo-alumina.com Alteo is the leading producer of high-value specialty aluminas designed for ceramic applications, refractories, abrasives, specialty glass, and the chemicals industry. Its product line includes alumina trihydrate, calcined aluminas, fused aluminas (white and brown), tabular alumina, zirconia alumina, and sintered bauxite. The company is headquartered in Gardanne, France, which also is home to its largest production site and R&D facility, with additional production sites in La Bâthie and Beyrède, France, and Teutschenthal, Germany. Areva 1 place Jean Millier, 92400 Courbevoie Phone: 33 1 3496 0000 Website: http://www.areva.com Headquartered in France, which is the source of 39% of its revenue, Areva works in the fields of nuclear power and renewable energy. Its roadmap for 2016-2020 calls for the company to refocus on its nuclear fuel cycle business, including production and recycling of nuclear materials and waste management, and to develop its business in the areas of mining, uranium chemistry (conversion and enrichment), used fuel recycling, logistics, dismantling, and fuel cycle engineering. \"The alignment of interests within the nuclear sector in France decided by the government also involves the takeover of AREVA NP by EDF,\" the company\'s website states. The sale to EDF will divest the company of its activities in the areas of NSSS design, supply, construction, maintenance and modernization activities, and fuel design and fabrication. CILAS 8 avenue Buffon, 45100 Orléans Phone: 33 2 3864 1555 Website: https://www.cilas.com With demonstrated expertise in lasers and optronics, CILAS serves a variety of vertical markets, including defense and security, laser programs, scientific applications, industry, and space instrumentation. Additional areas of focus include laser target designation, laser range finding, adaptive optics, optical coatings, industrial instrumentation, and active imaging. Direct exports account for more than half its turnover, and the company is pursuing increased international market penetration. Corning European Technology Center: S&T European Laboratory 7 Bis avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois-sur-Seine, 77215 Avon CEDEX Phone: 33 1 6469 7400 Website: https://www.corning.com Located less than an hour southeast of Paris, this facility focuses on providing research, development, and engineering work that supports Corning\'s global objectives in terms of innovation and growth. The company\'s initiatives in France include two joint ventures with Saint-Gobain: EuroKera, which is pursuing advances in the development of glass-ceramic cooktops; and a second partnership devoted to creating lightweight automotive glazing solutions. Additional areas of inquiry span such diverse topics as augmented reality, glass forming, and new materials for life sciences. Corning\'s operations in France frequently involve R&D keyed to markets beyond the country and region and extend, in particular, to work with partners in the U.S. and China. Imerys 154 rue de l\'Univsite, 75007 Paris Website: http://www.imerys-ceramics.com Imerys Ceramics develops and markets high-performance solutions based on minerals, including kaolin, ball clays, feldspars, steatite, cordierite, and high-purity quartz. The markets it serves encompass tableware, sanitaryware, floor tile, fiberglass, and technical ceramics, including solar applications and electronics. In addition, the company offers cordierite, mullite, and silicon carbide-based kiln furniture. Kerneos Immeuble Pacific, 11, cours Valmy, Paris Phone: 33 1 4637 9000 Website: http://www.kerneos.com With its focus on aluminate technologies, Kerneos develops and markets a wide range of products to customers in 120 countries. Included in its product line are calcium aluminate-based hydraulic binder; synthetic calcium aluminum silicate aggregate obtained from a fusion process; binder developed for use in high-temperature applications; and high-alumina cements used in solutions designed for the construction industry. The team at its Research and Technology Centre near Lyon is focused on developing solutions in collaboration with customers and plants. The company also provides clients with technical solutions and support related to these products. LafargeHolcim 61 rue des Belles Feuilles Phone: 33 1 4434 1111 Website: http://www.lafargeholcim.com LafargeHolcim markets cement, concrete, aggregates, and asphalt products, solutions and services to the building, infrastructure, distribution and retail, oil and gas, and affordable housing industries. Customized and sectoral solutions are among its areas of expertise. Following the 2015 merger of France\'s Lafarge and Switzerland\'s Holcim, the new company employs more than 100,000 people, has an established presence in 90 countries, and is targeting emerging markets for continued growth. At the same time, it is working toward development of sustainable products that can improve buildings\' energy efficiency and promote increased materials recycling. Its interests in sustainability extend to solutions that reduce CO2 emissions per ton of cement to that end, it is exploring new production techniques, alternative energy sources, waste management programs, and opportunities to preserve water resources. The company\'s Lafarge Centre de Recherche, located in Lyon, is the world\'s leading research center for building materials. Research is organized by major market segments, including building structure and shell, building finished work, infrastructure, energy, ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) solutions, and packaging. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 29 Associations, institutes, and government agencies Mineral Research Processing 7 rue Garnier 69330 Meyzieu Phone: 33 4 2618 9399 Website: http://www.tricalciumsilicate.com/en A leader in the French market for tricalcium silicate used in the ceramics sector, Mineral Research Processing pursues R&D of synthetic minerals with controlled chemistry and mineralogy in the field of silicates, aluminates, phosphates, and titanates. Target markets for its products include structural ceramics, glass-ceramics, bioceramics, and medical and dental ceramics. Nanoe 34 route de Longjumeau, Lot 25, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin Phone: 33 9 8198 3364 Website: http://www.nanoe.com Nanoe was launched in 2008 to advance the elaboration of high-purity nanopowders. Its ready-to-sinter alumina and zirconia products are designed for sintering highperformance ceramics. Solutions include ready-to-press granulates and slurries developed to meet customer needs. \"So far, the adoption of nanoscale ceramics has been plagued by limited production capacity, high prices, and low reliability of nanopowders,\" the website notes. \"Nanoe\'s mission is to bring the full potential of nanotechnlogy to advanced ceramics manufacturers.\" The company also touts its ability as a startup to respond quickly to specific needs, including green machining, special slurries, and granulates for thermal spray. ONERA 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92320 Châtillon Phone: 33 1 46 73 40 40 Website: http://www.onera.fr/en ONERA is France\'s aeronautics, space, and defense research lab. Its mission encompasses directing and conducting aeronautical research and supporting commercialization of that research in France and Europe. It provides industries and government agencies with high-level technical analyses and related services. In addition, and in keeping with its responsibility for training researchers and engineers, ONERA is engaged in technology transfer to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Its services are tailored to the needs of this sector and include design studies, technology development, technical analysis, software licensing, and testing. Pall Exekia Lotissement industriel Bazet 0, 65460 Bazet Phone: 33 5 6233 4183 Website: http://www.pall.com Saint-Gobain Les Miroirs - 18 avenue d\'Alsace, 92400 Courbevoie Phone: 33 1 4762 3000 Website: https://www.saint-gobain.com/en With 170,000 employees working in about 70 countries, Saint-Gobain is a global leader in habitat solutions, which generate more than 70% of its sales. Although its business is concentrated in residential construction and renovation, it also is active in industrial sectors. The company researches and develops high-performance materials for demanding applications in the automotive, aeronautical, health, defense, security, and food and beverage industries. The company\'s website notes that one in four of its current products did not exist five years ago, and Thomson Reuters has named it one of the Top 100 Global Innovators. Saint-Gobain and CNRS jointly operate the Ceramic Synthesis and Functionalization Laboratory, which conducts \"fundamental research on functional ceramic materials, in particular, ceramic materials having charge transfer properties.\" It also studies how combining functional properties can lead to development of innovative materials. Safran-Herakles Website: http://www.safran-group.com Safran Ceramics Website: http://www.safran-group.com/ company/safran-ceramics A global high-technology group that serves the aerospace, defense, and security industries, Safran-Herakles is the product of a merger that created a company with 2015 sales in excess of €17.4 billion. For the year, its R&D expenditures exceeded €2 billion. Safran Ceramics is the company\'s center of excellence in high-temperature ceramic composites developed for space, aviation, and other industries. These products contribute to overall improvements in aircraft engine performance as measured by reduced fuel consumption and emissions. SETARAM Instrumentation 7 rue de l\'Oratoire, 69300 Caluire Phone: 33 4 7210 2525 Website: http://www.setaram.com Setaram is an industry leader in the manufacture and sale of high-performance thermal analyzers, calorimeters, gas sorption analyzers, and high-pressure mass spectroscopy instruments for pharmaceutical, life science, advanced materials, energy, process safety, and other applications. Its products and solutions encompass 3-D calvet calorimetry, microcalorimetry, high-pressure calorimetry, high-pressure and drop calorimetry, reaction calorimetry, and nondestructive assay for nuclear waste characterization. Thales Research & Technologies Route Départementale, 91120 Palaiseau Phone: 33 1 6941 5500 Website: https://www.thalesgroup.com/en Thales is a worldwide leader in air traffic management: 40% of the world\'s aerospace is managed by Thales air traffic control centers. It is Europe\'s leader in avionics and ranks third worldwide. \"With the development and evolution of new global technologies and threats, most of Thales\'s business activities are technology intensive, making innovation a strategic priority and the driving force behind the long-term development of the Thales Group,\" the company notes on its website. Verallia Directory of locations in France: https://fr.verallia.com/en/ our-company/our-locations-in-France Website: https://fr.verallia.com/en The world\'s third largest manufacturer of food and beverage glass containers, Verallia serves more than 10,000 customers in 45 countries. The company has integrated sustainable development into its strategy for continued growth. To that end, it pledges to maximize use of recycled glass in its furnaces, pursues increased energy efficiency in its manufacturing processes, reduces CO₂ emissions, and optimizes use of water resources. In addition, it is conducting R&D of green electricity, biogas, and syngas produced from biomass as a means of implementing alternative energy solutions at its plants. UNIVERSITIES CIMAP-University of CAEN 25 rue Leblanc, Bâtiment Le Ponant D, 75015 Paris Website: http://iramis.cea.fr/en ENSCI French National School for Advanced Studies in Design 48 rue Saint Sabin, 75011 Paris Phone: 33 1 4923 1212 Website: http://www.ensci.com/en ESPCI Paris Tech 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Phone: 33 1 4079 4400 Website: https://www.espci.fr/en Laboratory of Reactivity and Chemistry of Solids (LRCS)-University of Picardie Jules Verne & Ceramics Technologies and Industries 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens CEDEX Phone: 33 3 2282 7572 Website: https://www.u-picardie.fr/labo/Ircs/Index_en.htm University of Bordeaux Phone: 33 5 5757 1010 Website: http://www.u-bordeaux.com University of Bordeaux IMS Laboratory Bâtiment A31, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence Phone: 33 5 4000 6540 Website: https://www.ims-bordeaux.fr/en/ims/imslaboratory University of Bordeaux-CELIA 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence CEDEX Phone: 33 5 4000 3769 Website: http://www.celia.u-bordeaux1.fr University of Bourgognev Esplanade Erasme, 21078 Dijon Phone: 33 3 80 39 50 00 Website: http://en.u-bourgogne.fr University of Franche-Comte-FEMTO-ST Institute 15B avenue des Montboucons 25030 Besançon CEDEX Phone: 33 3 6308 2400 Website: http://www.femto-st.fr/en University of Limoges/ENSCI 12 rue Atlantis, 87280 Limoges Phone: 33 5 8750 2301 Website: http://www.ensci.fr/en University of Littoral Opal Coast 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62100 Calais Phone: 33 3 2146 3600 Website: http://www.univ-littoral.fr University of Lyon 92 rue Pasteur, 69007 Lyon Phone: 33 4 3737 2670 Website: http://lyon-university.org University Pierre and Marie Curie 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Phone: 33 1 4427 4427 Website: http://www.upmc.fr/en/index.html University of Poitiers 15 rue de l\'Hôtel Dieu, 86000 Poitiers Phone: 33 5 4945 3000 Website: http://www.univ-poitiers.fr/home-750171.kjsp University of Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Phone: 33 3 6885 0000 Website: https://www.unistra.fr/en UPMC-College of France Rue Saint-Jacques and rue des Ecoles, Paris Phone: 33 1 4427 6539 Website: http://www.labos.upmc.fr/lcmcp 30 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 FRANCE gross domestic product up 1.1% from 2014 1.7% agriculture 19.3% services $2.422 trillion in 2015 industry 79% trade 15.9% EXPORTS imports $539 billion 2015 exports $509.1 billion Germany 50.0% weapons 7.3% aircraft & 9.4% spacecraft Spain 7.1% ⚫ metals chief 7.2% vehicles export United markets 6.7% & parts States mineral 3.6% ▼ products 7.1% Italy 1.9% wine United Kingdom 7.1% Belgium 6.8% Piktochart glass & 0.98% stone story of Econom Cenual indigenon Agey World Fattions Credit: April Gocha New silica dust regulations will require changes in workplaces Silica dust can pose a significant health hazard in factories. What is silica and why is it a problem? By John Keaser, Jr. How new OSHA rules for silica will affect your operation. Silica dust bec. The March, ilica dust became big news in early 2016. In March, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued new regulations governing the control of silica dust in the workplace. These rules are significantly more stringent than previous regulations. Many manufacturers will need to scramble to adjust to the new limits-fortunately, solutions exist to meet the challenge. 32 Silica is one of the most common substances found on the planet. Silica is a large component of sand, granite, and many other types of rock. Its most common form, quartz, makes up 12% of the earth\'s crust. Silica\'s chemical properties and abundance make it highly useful for many industrial applications. It is the main ingredient in glass and is a major component of ceramic tile, cement, brick, and asphalt. It is widely used in metallurgy, agriculture, and water filtration. It appears in high-tech applications, such as optical fibers, and as a filler for paints, coatings, rubbers, and plastics. Despite its usefulness, the downside of silica is that its dust can be a problem in workplaces or job sites. Silica dust particulates are extremely small and can be inhaled deeply into the lungs. The dust is implicated in lung cancer as well as chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. As it makes its way from the lungs through the body, silica also can damage other bodily systems, most notably the kidneys. Prolonged exposure to silica dust can lead to silicosis, a serious disease caused by damage to the lining of the lungs. Acute silicosis can cause the lungs to become inflamed and fill with fluid, creating a medical emergency. Chronic silicosis develops with even low-level exposure over time, reducing lung capacity until sufferers need oxygen to survive. The new rule and compliance OSHA\'s rule change for silica dust could affect as many as 2.3 mil lion workers in approximately 676,000 workplaces. Affected industries include (but are not limited to): Glass and tile manufacturing; Brick, concrete, or pottery manufacturing; • Construction (especially applications that involve cutting, grind ing, or drilling rock, concrete, masonry, or tile); • Foundries and metalcasting facilities; Mining operations; Shipyards and maritime operations; www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Any industry using abrasive sandblasting; and • Other industries using sand, such as hydraulic fracturing. Mounting scientific evidence shows previous limits on silica dust were not keeping workers safe. The new rule cuts the permissible exposure limit by half, to 50 g/m³ of air (measured as an 8-h timeweighted average).¹ OSHA estimates that the new rule could prevent 600 deaths and 900 new cases of silicosis each year.² However, the new OSHA limit is significantly higher than the limit suggested by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), which sets the lower exposure level at 25 g/m³. This limit is little surprise, however, because ACGIH recommendations usually are more strict than OSHA standards.3 However, many leading manufacturers strive to meet ACGIH guidelines. The new OSHA regulation took effect June 23, 2016, and employers in most industries have until June 2018 to comply. The construction industry will be required to meet the standard by 2017. The construction and shipbuilding industries must now meet the standards of general industry-previously, their standards were more relaxed. The hydraulic fracturing industry has been given extra time to bring some of its processes into compliance. The statute also lists requirements for assessing and monitoring exposure, protecting employees, mitigating dust, keeping records, and communicating with employees. Part of the new rule requires employers to create a written exposure control plan. This plan must lay out the employer\'s efforts to comply with the regulation. It does not have to be submitted to OSHA, but must be available if requested. OSHA has promised to provide a written sample of such a plan, but one was not yet available at the time of publishing. Reasons to meet the new regulations Although control of silica dust was a National Emphasis Program in 2008, enforcement has fallen over the years. With the new rule, employers should expect an increased emphasis on enforcement once again. The consequences for noncompliance are serious. Fines can be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars. The risks of lawsuits and reputational harm are significant as well. In addition, meeting the new regulations is important for protecting employees. The scientific consensus is clearsilica exposure is a serious threat to workers\' health. Controlling silica dust will prevent health problems that can range from daily discomfort to chronic diseases and cancer. A clean and safe workplace will help with worker recruitment and retention as well. Manufacturers are beginning to find a shortage of skilled workers, and improving the workplace is one way to attract and maintain the best talent. Steps to take Because of the severity of silica dangers, manufacturers cannot settle for filtering out just 80% of dust, as they might when working with wood dust or other noncarcinogenic materials. With silica, a manufacturer needs to aim for capturing and controlling at least 99.9% of dust. The first step in addressing silica dust is to measure the air quality in a facility. This should be done at the source of the dust and in ambient air. Ambient measurements are especially important if thermal processes are used in the facility— silica dusts can rise in air and be carried far throughout a facility. Professional, certified, third-party services exist to measure and report on air quality. Many facilities have relied on standard ventilation systems to blow contaminated air out of the working environment. These systems likely are not efficient enough to meet the new, more stringent OSHA standards. Most indoor operations that produce silica dust will need a highly efficient dust control system that cleans air, even to the level that cleaned air can be returned to the facility. An effective dust control system, in this case, likely will require a source capture device, such as a well-designed capture hood, that pulls in contaminated air as it is produced. A dust collector that cleans this air probably will require the most efficient filters commercially available today. Workers who are directly exposed also may American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org need personal protective equipment while engaged in dust-producing activities. The cost of such a system could be less than expected. If a facility already has a good ventilation system, the required improvements might be as modest as new hoods, fans, and filter types. An experienced air quality engineer can evaluate a facility\'s airflow system, identify failure points, and recommend the most costeffective solution to meet the new OSHA standard. The technology in this field is advancing quickly. For example, new computer models-such as VentMapping software developed by RoboVent (Columbus, Ohio)-analyze variables, such as air currents within a facility and the facility\'s layout, to help design the best filtration system. Conclusion-the case for clean air Whatever the costs of an upgraded air filtration system, the costs of noncompliance likely are greater. OSHA is expect ed to step up enforcement of silica dust standards once the new rules take effect. Citations and fines likely will increase, and a fine easily can be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars-assessed each time a company is cited. Employers also should control silica dust in the interest of their employees. Silica dust is an inhalation risk that carries serious risks for workers. Meeting the new, more stringent OSHA regulations on silica dust may seem a challenge to employers, but the means are available and affordable, and the health case for doing so is irrefutable. About the author John Keaser, Jr. is lead CAD engineer at Robo Vent. Contact Keaser at john. keaser@robovent.com. References \'Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Department of Labor, “OSHA\'s final rule to protect workers from exposure to respirable crystalline silica,\" https:// www.osha.gov/silica. Accessed 6/15/16. 2Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Department of Labor, \"Frequently asked questions: Respirable crystalline silica rule,\" https://www.osha.gov/ silica/Silica_FAQs 2016-3-22.pdf. Accessed 6/15/16. 3Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Department of Labor, \"Silica, crystalline quartz,\" https:// www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_266740. html. Accessed 6/15/16. ■ 33 33 JOIN US FOR THE ACERS 118TH ANNUAL MEETING! Technical Meeting and Exposition Organizers: The American Ceramic Society AIST MS&T16 Wes Clar MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY www.ceramics.org ASSOCIATION FOR IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY OCTOBER 23-27, 2016 | SALT PALACE CONVENTION CENTER I SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, USA PICK UP YOUR COPY OF THE FINAL PROGRAM AND EXHIBIT DIRECTORY AT THE REGISTRATION DESK FOR FULL CONFERENCE MEETINGS, EVENTS, AND ACTIVITIES. ACERS AWARD LECTURES Monday, October 24 Boccaccini ACerS/NICE Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture 9:00 10:00 a.m. Friedberg Salt Palace Convention Center | Room: 255B Aldo R. Boccaccini, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany Bioactive glasses in soft tissue repair: What do we know so far? Tuesday, October 25 Dunn ACerS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture 9:00 9:50 a.m. Salt Palace Convention Center | Room: 255B Bruce Dunn, University of California, Los Angeles Designing ceramics for nextgeneration energy storage systems Tuesday, October 25 Laurencin ACers Frontiers of Science and Society - Rustum Roy Lecture 1:00-2:00 p.m. Orton Rustum Salt Palace Convention Center | Room: 255B Cato T. Laurencin, University of Connecticut Regenerative engineering: A convergence approach to next-generation grand challenges Wednesday, October 26 ACers Basic Science Division Robert B. Sosman Lecture 1:00 2:00 p.m. Sosman Salt Palace Convention Center | Room: 255B Jennifer A. Lewis, Harvard University Programmable assembly of colloidal suspensions SPECIAL EVENTS Sunday, October 23 MS&T Women in Materials Science reception Enjoy the chance to network with professionals and peers in a relaxed environment. Monday, October 24 Experience Salt Lake City Join us from 9:00 - 10:00 a.m. to meet with local tour organizers who will provide information on local activities, sites, and self-guided tours in Salt Lake City. The knowledgeable local staff will assist in getting your day planned and started. You will be surprised by all the activities and sightseeing available to you during your stay! Advance registration is not required. Welcome reception and exhibit opening Network with your colleagues, meet new people, and learn about the exciting membership offerings of the organizing societies. ACerS 118th Annual Meeting The president reports on Society activities and newly elected officers take their positions during the annual membership meeting. All ACerS members and guests are welcome. ACerS 118th Annual Honors and Awards Banquet Annual Meet ACers Meeting Enjoy dinner, conversation, and the presentation of ACerS awards. Purchase tickets for $90 via meeting registration. Tuesday, October 25 Salt Lake City tour 8:30 a.m. 2:00 p.m. Price per person: $65 (includes lunch) A 30-mile adventure that includes visits to Temple Square; the State Capitol building; This Is the Place Heritage Park; historic districts with mansions and cathedrals; University of Utah; Pony Express Station; historic Fort Douglas; Trolley Square; Union Pacific Depot; and dozens more of Salt Lake City\'s top attractions. Purchase tickets for $65 at matscitech.org. MS&T16 Young Professionals reception Meet and network with fellow young professionals. MS&T16 exhibit happy hour reception Network with colleagues and build relationships with qualified attendees, buyers, and prospects! 34 Lewis www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 MATSCITECH.ORG Co-sponsored by: INTERNATIONAL ASM TMS NACE INTERNATIONAL The Minerals Metals & Materials Society PLENARY LECTURES Tuesday, October 25 | 8:00 - 10:40 a.m. The Worldwide Corrosion Authority ASM/TMS JOINT DISTINGUISHED LECTURE IN MATERIALS AND SOCIETY #Pin Your ACers Pride Get your special collectible buttons by attending ACers lectures and special events • ACerS Annual Meeting •Alfred R. Cooper Award session •Richard M. Fulrath Award • Arthur L. Friedburg Lecture ⚫ 100th Anniversary of JACerS • Rustum Roy Lecture • Robert B. Sosman Lecture • ACers lounge • Edward Orton Jr. Lecture • And more! Can you collect all 12 special buttons? Enter for your chance to win a daily prize! POST A PICTURE... of you sporting YOUR ACerS PRIDE! .facebook.com/acersnews ⚫twitter.com/ACerSNews Include #PinYourACerSPride #MatSciSelfie Facebook, Twitter, or Ceramic Tech Today to see the winner. One prize daily will be awarded. Check Julie A. Christodoulou, director, Naval Materials, S&T Division, Sea Warfare and Weapons Department, Office of Naval Research Elegant solutions: exploration and outcomes that matter ACerS EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE Bruce Dunn, professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Nippon Sheet Glass Chair Designing ceramics for next-generation energy storage systems New to social media? ACers staff are here to help! SHORT COURSE: 4:30 p.m. Thursday, October 27: 9:00 a.m. Friday, October 28: 9:00 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. Sintering of Ceramics Instructor: Mohamed N. Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology Description: This two-day course will follow key topics in the textbook, Sintering of Ceramics, by M.N. Rahaman (book is included with course) and will be supplemented by detailed case studies of the sintering of specific ceramics and systems. Students will develop sufficient background in the principles and practice of sintering to be able to (i) do sintering to achieve specified target microstructures, (ii) understand the difficulties encountered in practical sintering, and (iii) take practical steps to rectify the problems encountered in producing required target microstructures. AIST ADOLF MARTENS MEMORIAL STEEL LECTURE David K. Matlock, university emeritus professor, Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, The George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines Enhancing the fatigue performance of steel: Have we learned anything from the past? Young Professionals programming at MS&T16 - Tuesday, October 25 12:00 p.m. - 12:45 p.m. | SPCC-Ballroom E TMS Young Professionals tutorial luncheon (ticketed) 12:45 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. | SPCC-Ballroom E TMS Young Professionals tutorial lecture (open) 4:30 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. | SPCC-Ballroom F Young Professionals reception Cooper Friedberg Orton Rustum Roy #PinYourACerSPride TR Arual Masting American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org ACers ACers Sosman Fulrath 35 55 JOIN US FOR THE ACERS 118TH ANNUAL MEETING! Technical Meeting and Exposition MS&T16 MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OCTOBER 23-27, 2016 | SALT PALACE CONVENTION CENTER MS&T16 EXHIBITORS (As of 8/26/16) SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, USA Red = Ceramic-related companies Company Booth # Company Booth # ACerS 132 Metal Samples 319 AdValue Technology 218 Metcut Research Inc. 213 Advanced Abrasives Corp. 327 Micromeritics Instrument Corp. 119 Agilent Technologies Inc. 506 MSE Supplies LLC 328 Akrometrix LLC 228 MTI Corp. 500 Aldrich Materials Science 233 MTS Systems Corp. 431 Alfred University (CACT) 405 Nabertherm Inc. 207 Allied High Tech 400 NACE International 229 American Stress Technologies 408 Nanovea 113 Anton Paar 204 Netzsch Instruments N.A. LLC 413 LEAD RETRIEVAL Applied Test Systems 306 NIST 419 ASM International 100 NSL Analytical Services Inc. 430 Boise State University - Micron School of 524 Office of Naval Research 202 Materials Science and Engineering Oxford Instruments 212 Buehler 225 PANalytical 205 SERVICE CENTER LEAD RETRIEVAL BOURHO EXHIB SERVICE EXHIBITOR SERVICE (AC32 American Carame Taylor Union Society 13ands Process 232 California Nanotechnologies 324 Photron USA Inc. 427 Cameca Instruments Inc. 522 PREMIER Lab Supply Inc. 330 ES/SALES 130 131 230 Akrometrix LLC Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC 401 PROTO Manufacturing Inc. 502 OFFICE 128 129 19 228 Centorr Vacuum Industries 322 Pulstec 420 CM Furnaces 421 Renishaw 221 Computherm LLC 321 Rigaku 332 Deltech Furnaces 224 Sente Software Ltd. (JMatPro) 411 124 24 D Furnaces 224 EBSD Analytical Inc. 424 Setaram 118 La International ELC EDAX Inc. 422 Springer 407 122 123 222 Electron Microscopy Sciences 211 Struers Inc. 310 FEI 318 TA Instruments 323 Heraus Platinum Laba 120 121 220 FlackTek Inc. 423 Taylor & Francis 133 Monarc Gasbarre Products Inc. (PTX) 418 TEC Materials Testing 309 Setaram 118 119 ABOU Technogy 218 Gerdau 510 TESCAN USA 201 GOCERAM AB 325 TevTech LLC 425 Goodfellow Corp. 426 Thermal Technology LLC 200 Granta Design 512 Thermcraft Inc. 305 Harper International 526 Thermo-Calc Software Inc. 432 Headwaters BM 231 Thinky USA 331 Unitron Nanovea Ltd 112 113 Oxford Instruments 212 Heraeus Platinum Labware 121 UES Inc. 223 Hitachi High Technologies America 410 Union Process 232 110 111 HORIBA Scientific 333 Unitron Ltd. 112 Кеуеке Corporation Hysitron 219 Verder Scientific, Carbolite 311 Show management International Centre for Diffraction Data 101 Vision Research 520 108 109 208 (ICDD) Wiley 307 Exhibitor booths JEOL USA 301 Keyence Corp. 208 Lapmaster International 123 Leco Corp. 300 Non-rented booths Anton Paar 104 105 USA Office of 102 103 Personal Conte omar D Thema Technogy LLC 100 101ccm 200 Naval Research 202 Contact Mona Thiel to reserve your booth space at MS&T16. mthiel@ceramics.org or 614-794-5834 36 Registration www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 MATSCITECH.ORG Hall E Hall D EXHIBIT HOURS: Monday: 4:30 - 6:00 p.m. Tuesday: 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Wednesday: 9:30 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. SEATING FOR 400 MTS Aldrich Materials Rigaku Theme-Cale Science 233 332 333 PREMIER Headwaters Lab BM Supply, 231 Inc 330 331nc Thinky USA Sav 432 431 229 MSE NAGE Supplies LLC Advanced Abrasives 327 Goo Photron USA International 425 427c 526 Goceram 1850 Buehler мука AB TeTech LLC State 324 325 424 425 Universty 524 225 UES, 22nc. Cert Von 322 TA Instruments EDAX FuckTek h Inc CAMECA Instruments he 423 522 323 Compu/Them 321 Pulstec USA inc 420 421 CM Fumages Vision Research 520 wa Sarples Gasbame Products NIST PTX18 419 Renishaw 221 Hystion 219 FEI 318 (Alabama Specialy 319 Nutrich Metout Research 213 Struers Verder Somane Carbolite Hachi High Tech America 413 Granta Design 512 VIUWEST 211 310 311 THC Sente Software Gerdau 410 411 510 207 tetem Applied Test Syster Panalyical 205 Tescan Leco Corp. (Technology American Egy Sess Technologies 309 408 Wiley 307 Springer 407 Aglant 508 531 519 DomesDay SHOW OFFICE EXHIBITOR LOUNGE 20x27 20x20 Mug Drop Football Feature UNDERGRAD POSTERS T 2750 INS International Metalographic 513 Contest Winners 45 POSTER BOARDS Technologies T 506 POSTER SESSIONS Themout ARMO universly CACT 305 Alled High Tech 405 504 JEOL PROTO bung 502 Monoscopy Corporation 201 300 301 400 401 500 Hall E American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Hall D 701 STUDENT AWARDS CEREMONY 50 x 60° Materials Camp 37 The DOUBLETREE BY HILTON, ORLANDO, FLA. USA JANUARY 18-20, 2017 American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org REGISTER by December 20, 2016 to save $100! Electronic materIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2017 Electronic Materials and Applications 2017 addresses emerging needs, opportunities, and key challenges in the field of electronic materials and applications. Technical presentations highlight advancements in materials and devices for electronics, sensors, energy generation and storage, photovoltaics, and LEDs. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Geoff Brennecka Electronics Division Colorado School of Mines geoff.brennecka@mines.edu Rick Ubic Electronics Division Boise State University rickubic@boisestate.edu Ming Tang Basic Science Division Rice University mt20@rice.edu Yiquan Wu Basic Science Division Alfred University wuy@alfred.edu PLENARY SPEAKERS Sossina Haile Walter P. Murphy professor of materials science and engineering, Northwestern University Neil Alford Professor of physical electronics and thinfilm materials, vice-dean (research) faculty of engineering, Imperial College London TECHNICAL SESSIONS S1: Advanced electronic materials: Processing, structures, properties, and applications S2: Advanced processing for electronic and electrochemical systems: Crystals, films, and devices S3: Ceramic photonic materials and applications S4: Computational design of electronic materials S5: Energy sustainable optoelectronics and magnetoelectronics S6: Fundamentals to applications for the use of thermal energy for power generation and refrigeration S7: In situ experiments of microstructure evolution and properties S8: Interfaces and surfaces in energy-related ceramic materials S9: Interfaces in microstructural evolution: Structure, properties, anisotropy, and motion S10: Interfacial phenomena in multifunctional heterostructures: From theory to transport processes S11: lon-conducting ceramics S12: 5G materials for the millimeter wave revolution S13: Mesoscale phenomena in ceramic materials, nanostructures, and microstructures S14: Multifunctional nanocomposites S15: Superconducting materials and applications S16: Failure: The greatest teacher OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology Ceramic TechToday FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 38 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 ceramics.org/ema2017 SPONSORS CINT RADIANT NT/ TECHNOLOGIES. INC.. 3M WINTER WORKSHOP ACers Winter Workshop is designed for ceramic and glass students and young professionals from around the world. The workshop provides a combination of technical and professional development sessions, outstanding networking opportunities, and concludes with a tour of the Kennedy Space Center. See ceramics.org/winter-workshop for more details. DOUBLETREE by HILTON ORLANDO AT SEA WORLDⓇ 10100 International Drive, Orlando, FL 32821 407-352-1100/800-327-0363 Fax: 407-352-2632 Room rate: Single/double/triple/quad$149 plus tax (currently 12.5%) U.S. government employees Prevailing rate plus tax (currently 12.5%) Group rates available until December 20 or sold out. Make your reservations early! FAILURE: THE GREATEST TEACHER The vast majority of scientific literature and conference talks report positive results, but there is a lot to be learned from negative results and missteps as well. After the \"successful\" part of the meeting closes, come hear recognized leaders in the field discuss failure—and perhaps recount some of their most spectacular learning experiences-during a frank and friendly discussion in a relaxed atmosphere. Speakers and audience members alike are encouraged to check their egos at the door for this event that has turned into an EMA highlight. In addition to highlighted failures, this year we will also include contributed vignettes on failure and lessons from experience. If you would like to speak at this symposium, please contact Geoff Brennecka (geoff.brennecka@mines.edu). TENTATIVE SCHEDULE Tuesday, January 17, 2017 Conference registration Wednesday, January 18, 2017 Conference registration Plenary session I - Sossina Haile, Northwestern University Coffee break Concurrent technical sessions Poster session set up Lunch on own Student award finalist presentations Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Poster session & reception Basic Science Division tutorial Thursday, January 19, 2017 Conference registration Plenary session II Neil Alford, Imperial College London Coffee break Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Student award finalist presentations Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Young Professionals reception Conference dinner Friday, January 20, 2017 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Failure the greatest teacher Current as of September 6, 2016 5:00-6:30 p.m. Oceans Ballroom Foyer 7:30a.m.-6:00 p.m. Oceans Ballroom Foyer 8:30 9:30 a.m. | Indian 9:30-10:00 a.m. | Atlantic 10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Indian, Pacific, Coral A & B, Mediterranean A, B, C 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Arctic/Atlantic 12:30-2:00 p.m. 12:45 1:50 p.m. | Coral A 2:00-5:30 p.m. Indian, Pacific, Coral A & B, Mediterranean A, B, C 3:30-4:00 p.m. | Atlantic 5:30-7:30 p.m. Arctic/Atlantic 7:45 9:45 p.m. | Coral A 7:30a.m.-6:00 p.m. Oceans Ballroom Foyer 8:30-9:30 a.m. | Indian 9:30 10:00 a.m. | Atlantic 10:00 a.m. 12:30 p.m. Indian, Pacific, Coral A & B, Mediterranean A, B, C 12:30-2:00 p.m. 12:45 - 1:45 p.m. | Coral A 2:00-5:30 p.m. Indian, Pacific, Coral A & B, Mediterranean A, B, C 3:30-4:00 p.m. | Atlantic 5:30-6:30 p.m. Barefoot Bar 7:00-9:00 p.m. Arctic/Atlantic 7:30 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Oceans Ballroom Foyer 8:30 a.m. 12:30 p.m. Indian, Pacific, Coral A & B, Mediterranean A, B, C 9:30-10:00 a.m. | Atlantic 12:30-2:00 p.m. 2:00-5:30 p.m. Indian, Pacific, Coral A & B, Mediterranean A, B, C 3:30-4:00 p.m. | Atlantic 5:45-6:45 p.m. Mediterranean B/C American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 39 S Register by December 23, 2016 to save! 41ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society ICACC\'17 showcases cutting-edge research and product developments in advanced ceramics, armor ceramics, solid oxide fuel cells, ceramic coatings, bioceramics, and more. The technical program and Industry Expo provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, engineers, and industry leaders from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances in ceramic science and technology. 2017 Program Chair Jingyang Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China jywang@imr.ac.cn HILTON DAYTONA BEACH RESORT 100 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Phone: 386-254-8200 Rates: One to four occupants: Students: U.S.government employees: $165 $136 Prevailing rate Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate. Room rates are effective until December 16, 2016, and are based on availability. OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology Ceramic TechToday FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY The American Ceramic Society Engineering Ceramics Division www.ceramics.org TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Sunday, January 22 Conference registration Welcome reception at Hilton Monday, January 23 Conference registration Opening awards ceremony and plenary session Companion coffee Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Young Professional Network, GGRN, student mixer Tuesday, January 24 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Exhibits and poster session A, including reception Wednesday, January 25 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Exhibits and poster session B, including reception Thursday, January 26 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Friday, January 27 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions 2:00-7:00 p.m. 5:30-7:00 p.m. 7:00 a.m.- 6:00 p.m. 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. 9:00 10:30 a.m. 12:00-1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:30. p.m. 7:30 - 9:00 p.m. 7:30a.m.-6:00 p.m. 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. 12:00-1:20 p.m. 1:30 - 6:00 p.m. 5:00-8:00 p.m. 7:30 a.m.-5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. 12:00-1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:00 p.m. 5:00-7:30 p.m. 7:30a.m.-6:00 p.m. 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. 12:00-1:20 p.m. 1:30 - 5:00 p.m. 8:00a.m.-12:00 p.m. 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. Current as of July 25, 2016 40 40 ceramics.org/icacc2017 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 January 22 - 27, 2017 | Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center Daytona Beach, Fla., USA Ceramics Makes Zircar Thermal Insulation Materials Compositions Furnace Building & Rebuilding Ceramic Fiber Products AWARD AND PLENARY SPEAKERS JAMES I. MUELLER AWARD Waltraud Kriven, professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Geopolymers: Structural inorganic polymers EXHIBITION INFORMATION Showcase your organization at the premier international advanced ceramics and composites expo. Connect with decision makers and influencers in industry, government, and research and development fields. ICACC\'17 is your destination to collaborate with business executives, entrepreneurs, engineers, and R&D leaders around the world. Exhibit hours: Tuesday, January 24, 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Wednesday, January 25, 5:00 - 7:30 p.m. Exhibit location: Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Exhibit space is filling up fast. To reserve your booth, visit ceramics. org/icacc2017 or contact Mona Thiel at 614-794-5834 or mthiel@ceramics.org. Kriven BRIDGE BUILDING AWARD Pavol Sajgalik, president of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and department head, ceramic department, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Additive-free, hot-pressed silicon carbide ceramicsa material with exceptional properties Sajgalik PLENARY SPEAKER Webster Thomas J. Webster, Chair and professor of chemical engineering, Northeastern University 15 years of commercializing ceramic medical devices using nanotechnology PLENARY SPEAKER Exhibitor AdValue Technology Booth 205 Alfred University AVS Centorr CM Furnaces C-Therm Gasbarre (PTX) 315 Hirokazu Chazono, senior operating officer of inductor business, Taiyo Yuten Co. Ltd., Japan MLCC/inductor trends and technological evolution 307 200 311 220 207 H.C. Stark 305 Haiku Tech 214 Chazono ECD GLOBAL YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD Gang Liu, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, China Multiscale designing of solar-driven photocatalysts Harper International Corp. 317 MEL Chemicals 313 Microtrac 306 ET Liu Netzsch Instruments 300 NIST 111-113 Noritake 302 Oxy-Gon Industries Inc. 320 Reserved 216 Sonoscan TA Instruments 221 210 Tev Tech Thermal Wave Verder Scientific (Carbolite) Zircar Ceramics 212 321 206 304 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Patient stories inspire at Innovations in Biomedical Materials meeting (Credit for all photos: ACerS.) Posters and talks at Innovations in Biomedical Materials 2016 presented the latest findings on novel materials for some interesting biomedical applications. T \'he Innovations in Biomedical Materials conference took place July 29-31 at the Hyatt Rosemont in Chicago, III. The meeting brought together nearly 100 scientists, medical professionals, and biomedical technology manufacturers and marketers to discuss the latest findings on new materials for biomedical applications, with a focus on cross-pollination to develop emerging technologies into marketable biomedical products. And the inspiration? Patient stories that detailed just how significant of an impact new materials can have on peoples\' lives. ACerS president Mrityunjay (Jay) Singh (right) catches up with a conference attendee. Technical talks spanned five tracks-orthopedic applications; dental and maxillofacial applications; material needs for medical devices; advanced manufacturing technologies; and power sources, energy harvesting, power transmission, and telemetry. Program chairs Roger Narayan, Alessandro Alan Porporati, and Markus Reiterer assembled an expert selection of diverse plenary speakers for the meeting. Presentations spanned a wide variety of ways that materials can help the human body—from familiar applications such as ceramic hip implants to completely novel biomedical solutions, including materials-encapsulated islet cells to replace diabetic pancreases. 42 C ceramics expo April 25 - 27, 2017 Cleveland, Ohio, USA North America\'s Leading Event For Ceramic Materials & Technologies be front and center booth locations already taken by CeramTec COORSTEK CORNING Denka FERRO Amazing Solutions GEO HITACHI Inspire the Next HORIBA McDanel Morgan Advanced Materials www.ceramicsexpousa.com info@ceramicsexpousa.com www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 ●resources Calendar of events October 2016 1-6 6th Int\'l Conference on Electrophoretic Deposition - Gyeongju, South Korea; www.engconf.org/conferences 23-27 MS&T16, combined with ACerS 118th Annual Meeting - Salt Lake City, Utah; www.ceramics.org; www.matscitech.org November 2016 8-10 77th Conference on Glass Problems Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org 13-15 CerSJ-GOMD Joint Symposium on Glass Science and Technologies - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; www.talab.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp January 2017 18-20 EMA 2017: ACers Electronic Materials and Applications DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando Sea World, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/ema2017 22-27 ICACC\'17: 41st Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Hilton Daytona Beach Resort/Ocean Walk Village, Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/icacc2017 February 2017 20-24 Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy - Jeju, Korea; www.ceramics.org/ mcare2017 March 2017 29-30 53rd Annual St. Louis Section/ RCD Meeting - Hilton St. Louis Airport, St. Louis, Mo.; www.ceramics.org/ sections/st-louis-section April 2017 24-25 6th Ceramic Leadership Summit - I-X Center, Cleveland, Ohio; www.ceramics.org/meetings/cls2017 25-27 Ceramics Expo 2017 - I-X Center, Cleveland, Ohio; www.ceramicsexpousa.com May 2017 21-26 12th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology, including Glass & Optical Materials Division Meeting - Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii; www.ceramics.org/ meetings/pacrim12 July 2017 4-7 6th European PEFC & H₂ Forum: 21st Conference in Series with Tutorial, Exhibition, and Application Market Lucerne, Switzerland; www.EFCF.com 24-28 9th Int\'l Conference on Borate Glasses, Crystals, and Melts; Int\'l Conference on Phosphate Glasses Oxford, U.K.; www.sgt.org September 2017 17-20 Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Applications IV - Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, U.K.; www.engconf.org 27-29 UNITECR 2017 CentroParque Convention and Conference Center, Santiago, Chile; www.unitecr2017.org October 2017 8-12 MS&T17 combined with ACerS 119th Annual Meeting - Pittsburgh, Pa.; www.matscitech.org 22-25 2017 ICG Annual Meeting and 32nd Sisecam Glass Symposium - Sisecam and Technology Center, Istanbul, Turkey; www.icginstanbul2017.com November 2017 6-9 78th Conference on Glass Problems Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org 12-16 Int\'l Conference on Sintering 2017 - Hyatt Regency Mission Bay Spa and Marina, San Diego, Calif.; www.ceramics.org/internationalconference-on-sintering-2017 January 2018 17-19 EMA 2018: ACerS Electronic Materials and Applications DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando Sea World, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/ema2018 21-26 ICACC\'18: 42nd Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Hilton Daytona Beach Resort/Ocean Walk Village, Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/icacc2018 Ceramic Tech Today blog www.ceramics.org/ ceramictechtoday Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue. Entries in BLUE denote ACerS events. denotes meetings that ACerS cosponsors, endorses, or otherwise cooperates in organizing. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 43 new products TOC Viscometer heoSense\'s new VROC initium is an Rhodense automatic viscometer with automatic sample loading and sample cleaning. The instrument measures absolute viscosity as a function of shear rate across a wide temperature range, allowing unique viscosity fingerprinting of samples. The viscometer measures viscosity for sample volumes as little as 10 μL. Automatic intrinsic viscosity measurements provide size of molecules in various formulations and in various conditions, which significantly help shorten product development time. RheoSense Inc. (San Ramon, Calif.) rheosense.com 925-866-3801 Ball mill Emax Verder Scientific\'s Emax ball mill high friction and impact to mill extremely fine particles within a short time. Unlike other high-energy ball mills, Emax is capable of continuous grinding operation without overheating because of its integrated water-cooling system. A high-energy input and the cooling system provide effective mechanical alloying or grinding down to the nanometer range. The mill also features a special grinding-jar geometry that allows thorough sample mixing in a narrow particle-size distribution. Ground tester \"QC\'s new conveyor To ground test is a low-cost, battery-operated, and easy-to-use ground check. The simple instrument informs users whether items to be painted are sufficiently grounded and is designed especially for electrostatic coating applications. Users simply connect the cable crocodile clip to a known ground point and point the instrument at the part to be painted, touching the bare metal surface. After pressing the button, results are indicated via two green, one yellow, and two red lamps. The tester is great for automotive and industrial applications. Paul N. Gardner Co. Inc. (Pompano Beach, Fla.) gardco.com 954-946-9454 Portable Verder Scientific Inc. (Newtown, Pa.) verder-scientific.com pumping system 866-473-8724 subsidStir plate N ew SuperNuova+ series stirrers, hotplates, and stirring hotplates provide reliable performance, dependable safety, and simple operation. Units are available in two sizes and provide optimized controls and settings for applications that demand advanced precision. Available in ceramic or aluminum top plates, the plates feature innovative StirTrac engineering for slow-speed stirring, consistent speed control, and stronger magnetic coupling. Stainless steel PT100 temperature probe, supporting rod, and clamp kit are included with hotplates. Paul N. Gardner Co. Inc. (Pompano Beach, Fla.) gardco.com 954-946-9454 Tile blade Lackmond Beast Pro Turbo Mesh Porcelain Tile BEAST 10 PORCELAIN TURBO MESH Blade is designed with a unique rim that aids in cooling the blade, resulting in longer blade life and extremely clean and fast cutting. The blade is engineered with a thin-kerf cutting edge, which ensures a clean, fast cut while minimizing chipping. It utilizes a reinforced, silent core hub to ensure straight cuts and greatly reduces noise. The blade is ideal for use on the hardest porcelain tile and also performs well on softer ceramic or natural stone tile. Lackmond Products Inc. (Marietta, Ga.) lackmond.com 800-850-2044 Aviary of Charles Ross & Son Co., Ross SysCon now offers a portable pumping system with static mixer capable of handling laminar and turbulent flow applications across a 26-element lowpressure drop static mixer. The system is ideal for continuous inline mixing of minor liquid components into a fluid stream. It produces a homogenous blend within a single pass, despite differences in viscosity and density of the materials being pumped at a controlled rate. Ross also supplies static mixers for emulsification, heat transfer, dilution, pH control, catalyst addition, and many other processes. Charles Ross & Son Co. (Hauppauge, N.Y.) mixers.com 631-234-0500 44 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 classified advertising Career Opportunities QUALITY EXECUTIVE SEARCH, INC. Recruiting and Search Consultants Specializing in Ceramics JOE DRAPCHO 24549 Detroit Rd. Westlake, Ohio 44145 (440) 899-5070 Cell (440) 773-5937 www.qualityexec.com E-mail: qesinfo@qualityexec.com Business Services custom finishing/machining Rauschert Custom Machining Five Modern CNC Routers Two Shifts a Day, Five Days a Week! Low Mass, High Temp. 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Exploring alternative matrix concepts for SiC-based ceramicmatrix composites Silicon carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic-matrix composites (SiC/ SiC CMCs) are proposed to replace nickel-based superalloys in next-generation gas-turbine engines. SiC/SiC CMCS can increase engine efficiency by operating at higher combustion temperatures and decrease the weight of engine components. A SiC/SiC CMC is composed of SiC fibers coated with a thin boron nitride layer (<1 µm), which are embedded in a SiC matrix. At elevated temperatures in a dry oxygen environment, SiC/SiC CMCS possess excellent oxidation resistance because of the formation of a solid, slow-growing, protective silica scale. However, in a combustion environment the silica scale reacts with water vapor, a byproduct of combustion, to form a gaseous silicon hydroxide species. This reaction leads to unacceptable recession rates of SiC/SiC CMCs. However, environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) can limit this reaction. Although EBCs are assumed to remain adhered to the SiC/ SiC CMC substrate during the full life of the component, civil turbine engine applications can require a service life of ~25,000 hours. Therefore, uncertainty in the duration of EBC lifecycles could limit applications of SiC/SiC CMCs in gas-turbine engines. As a member of the High-Temperature Materials Group in the Materials Science and Engineering Department at the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.), my research focuses on exploring concepts for water vapor-resistant CMC materials for SiC-fiber-reinforced composites. This research is motivated by the need to extend the life of EBC coatings. When searching for a viable water vapor-resistant matrix material, we must 48 consider several criteria. For instance, the material must have sufficient thermochemical stability in high-temperature water vapor, possess a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of SiC, maintain a stable phase under thermal exposure, be chemically compatible with SiC, and be a sufficient Oxygen barrier to prevent oxidation of load-bearing SiC fibers. CM Robert Golden Guest columnist Robert Golden uses a thermocouple to measure steam temperature inside a steam-jet furnace. Bearing these criteria in mind, I have focused my research on rare-earth disilicates, specifically yttrium disilicate, as a possible matrix material candidate because of its suitable coefficient of thermal expansion match and chemical compatibility with SiC. Although yttrium disilicate has four polymorphs, the volume change associated with each polymorphic transition is minimal and, therefore, should not compromise the CMC. I am exploring several methods to incorporate yttrium disilicate into the matrix: replacing the existing SiC matrix with yttrium disilicate; adding yttrium disilicate to the existing SiC matrix; and replacing the SiC matrix with a yttrium silicide that will oxidize to form a yttrium silicate. To assess these matrix concepts, I am evaluating the thermochemical stability of yttrium silicates as well as yttrium disilicate/SiC matrices in high-temperature water vapor. For these studies, my lab uses a steam-jet furnace to simulate the high temperatures (1,200°C-1,400°C) and high steam velocities (175 m/s) of a turbine engine. It is well-known that in high-temperature water vapor, silica is selectively volatilized from yttrium disilicate to form silicon hydroxide gas and a porous surface layer of yttrium monosilicate. However, the rate at which silica is volatilized and the mechanism that controls volatilization rate are still not understood and remain a main focus of my studies. I am assessing the oxidation behavior of yttrium disilicate/SiC as well as yttrium silicides in high-temperature (1,000°C-1,400°C) air, oxygen, and low-velocity water vapor (4 cm/s) using box furnaces, tube furnaces, and thermogravimetric analyzers. In these studies, I compare the oxidation behavior of yttrium disilicate/SiC to that of SiC, while I also characterize oxide growth on yttrium silicides to determine if a protective yttrium silicate scale forms. Yttrium silicide compositions that do not oxidize to form a yttrium silicate scale are unsuitable as a matrix material in SiCbased CMCs. Further, to assess the ability of yttrium silicates to protect load-bearing SiC fibers from oxidation, I am using timeof-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to measure 180- diffusion profiles from oxygen tracer diffusion experiments. Through this research, I aim to find a suitable water vapor-resistant matrix material that can help secure the future of SiC-based CMCs as hot section components in next-generation gas-turbine engines. Robert Golden is a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate in materials science and engineering at the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.). He received his B.S. in physics from Lenoir-Rhyne University (Hickory, N.C.). When not in the laboratory, Robert enjoys playing hockey and golf. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 8 Credit: Robert Golden The only thing missing is YOU! Submit your abstracts today for The 12th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology and ACerS Glass and Optical Annual Division Meeting! World of and Science PACRIM Technology See meeting Call for Papers at ceramics.org/pacrim12 May 21 - 26, 2017 | Hilton Waikoloa Village | Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA AMERICAN 田 ELEMENTS metamaterials THE MATERIALS SCIENCE MANUFACTURER ® medicine electrochemistry nanorib catalog: americanelements.com cerium polishing powder yttrium atomic layer deposition crystal growth H thin film dysprosium pellets nanodispersions solid vanadium high purity silicon ro tant He surface functionalized nanoparticles semiconductors B 10.811 Boron 12.0107 Carbon N 14.0067 Nitrogen 15.9994 Oxygen 18.9984032 Fluorine 1.00794 refractotals ite catho con 19 Li Be 6.941 Lithium Na 22.98976928 Sodium K 39.0983 Potassium diele Rb 85.4678 Rubidium CIGS CS rod 132.9064 Cesium Fr (223) Francium 12 20 38 88 9.012182 Beryllium Mg 24.305 Magnesium Ca 40.078 Calcium Sr 87.62 Strontium Ba 137.327 Barium 21 39 Sc 44.966912 nuclear Scandium Y 88.90585 Yttrium La 138.90547 Lanthanum Ra Ac 22 40 72 104 Ti 47.867 Titanium Zr 91.224 Zirconium Hf 178.48 Hafnium Rf 23 41 73 V 50.9415 Vanadium Nb Niobium Ta 180.9488 Tantalum 42 106 Cr palladium shot 99.999% ruthenium sphere 51.9961 Chromium 25 43 27 28 Zn Mn Fo Co Ni Cu Z 54.938045 Manganese Mo Tc 95.96 Molybdenum W 183.84 Tungsten 75 107 (98.0) Technetium Re 186.207 Rhenium Db Sg Bh 44 108 Iron RU Ru 101.07 Ruthenium Os 190.23 Osmium Hs 77 109 Cobalt Rh 102.9055 Rhodium Ir 192.217 Iridium Mt 46 110 58.6934 Nickel 47 63.546 Copper 48 65.38 Zinc Pd Ag Cd 106.42 Palladium 107.8682 Silver 112.411 Cadmium Pt 195.084 Platinum Au Hg 196.966569 Gold 112 200.59 Mercury Ds Rg Cn 13 31 49 81 113 ΑΙ 26.9815386 Aluminum Ga 69.723 Gallium In 114.818 Indium TI 204.3833 Thallium Uut 14 32 50 82 Si 28.0855 Silicon 15 33 P 16 F CI 30.973762 Phosphorus 32.065 Sulfur Ge As 72.64 Germanium Sn 118.71 Tin Pb 207.2 Lead 114 FI 51 83 115 74.9216 Arsenic Sb 121.76 Antimony Bi 208.9804 Bismuth Uup 116 SS Se 78.96 Selenium Te 127.6 Tellurium Po (209) Polonium 53 85 Lv 117 35.453 Chlorine Br 79.904 Bromine 126.90447 lodine 10 18 36 54 4.002602 Helium Ne 20.1797 Neon Ar Argon Kr 83.798 Krypton Xe 131.293 Xenon cerme anode iron lump liqui At Rn ionic (210) Astatine Uus 2 118 (222) Radon Uuo (226) Radium (227) Actinium Rutherfordium (268) Dubnium (271) Seaborgium (272) Bohrium (270) Hassium (276) Meitnerium (281) (280) Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium (284) Ununtrium (289) Flerovium (288) Ununpentium (293) Livermorium (294) (294) photovoltaics Ce 140.116 Cerium spintronics super alloys Th 232.03806 Thorium nanofabrics platinum ink 91 europium phosphors 61 62 quantum dots 69 Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm 140.90765 144.242 Praseodymium Neodymium Pa 231.03588 Protactinium (145) Promethium 94 150.36 Samarium 95 151.964 Europium 157.25 Gadolinium 97 158.92535 Terbium Np Pu Am Cm Bk 162.5 Dysprosium 164.93032 Holmium 100 es Ununseptium Ununoctium neodymium foil 70 Yb Lu 167.259 Erbium 168.93421 Thulium solar energy 101 102 173.064 Ytterbium Es Fm Md No 103 174.9668 Lutetium Lr nano gels 93 98 U Cf 238.02891 Uranium (237) Neptunium (244) Plutonium (243) Americium (247) Curium (247) Berkelium (251) Californium (252) Einsteinium (257) Fermium (258) Mendelevium (259) Nobelium (262) Lawrencium rare earth metals laser crystals anti-ballistic ceramics optoelectronics Nd:YAG macromolecules nickel foam titanium robotic part biosynthetics nan LED lighting ngsten carbide TM REINTENTED! Now sputtering targets gadolinium wire ent. dysprosium pellets neodymium foil cerium polishing powder optoelectr mischmetal uperconductors ultra high pu erbium doped fiber optics thin film macromolecules advanced po Experience the Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs dium sponge On January 8, 2016, americanelements.com relaunched. Now with over 10,000 research papers zirconium in a new searchable Research Center. Printable GHS-compliant Safety Data Sheets. Thousands of thin filr new products. And much more. All on a new secure multi-language \"Mobile Responsive\" platform. gadolinium wire neodymium foil Now Invent...Reinvented! alternative energy single crystal silicon macromolecules advanced polymers diamond micropowder ©2001-2016. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark.
