AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2017 Markets of magnitude Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia take the lead in Southeast Asian ceramic technology research, development, and cross-border collaboration Ha Noi Hainan LAOS Ha Noi Vientiane THAILAND South China Sea VIETNAM Bangkok CAMBODIA Medan Putrajaya (Phnom Penh Ho Chi Minh City PHILIPPINES BRUNEI Bandar MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur Caroline Juke dareo Melekeok PALAU Seri Begawan SINGAPORE Borneo Palembang Sulawesi T Sumatra Padango AN INDONESIA Jakarta Java Surabaya Christmas New Guin Dili EAST TIMOR Timor Darwino Island (Australia) Silicon carbide for the modern warfighter | CeRTEV: The first four years | MS&T17 preview Your kiln. Like no other. Your kiln needs are unique, and Harrop responds with engineered solutions to meet your exact firing requirements. 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HARROP Fire our imagination www.harropusa.com contents October/November 2017 • Vol. 96 No.8 feature articles Cover story 28 Markets of magnitude Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia take the lead in Southeast Asian ceramic technology research, development, and cross-border collaboration. by Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht departments News & Trends 3 Spotlight 8 Ceramics in Energy 15 Advances in Nanomaterials 19 Research Briefs 22 Ceramics in Biomedicine 26 columns Business and Market View. 14 38 Silicon carbide for the modern warfighter Silicon carbide offers strength and versatility as an armor material to protect personnel and infrastructure assets. by Melanie Kuhn, Diana Tierney, and Matt Simmers Nanotechnology market expected to reach $90.5B by 2021 by Andrew McWilliams Deciphering the Discipline . . . 56 Scientific experimentation as creative art by Christian Ocier ∞ São Carlos Center of Research, 40 Technology and Education in CERTEV Vitreous Materials: The first four years Nearing the midpoint of an 11-year, $22M project, Brazilian glass researchers report on progress developing new glass technology and workforce activities. by Karina Lupetti, Ana C.M. Rodrigues, Eduardo B. Ferreira, Hellmut Eckert, and Edgar D. Zanotto meetings MS&T17. EAM 2018 42 46 ICACC18 48 Sintering 2017 50 resources Correction to the September issue of the ACers Bulletin \"Special benefits of bauxite for a stable porcelain microstructure in high-voltage insulation\" p. 32. The printed version of the article had incorrect in-text references to Tables 3, 4, and 5. Digital versions of the article have been corrected. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org New Products. Calendar 51 .52 Classified Advertising 53 Display Ad Index. 55 1 online www.ceramics.org October/November 2017 • Vol. 96 No. 8 in g+ f http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... Printable ceramic nanoparticle ink creates luminescent holograms for enhanced security A scalable technique for printing europium-doped zirconia nanoparticles into beautifully glowing security holograms could secure the authenticity of printed documents and more. Read more at www.ceramics.org/hologram Nanodiamonds create safer batteries by preventing dendrite formation A nanodiamond-enhanced electrolyte solution shows promise for preventing dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries, boosting the batteries\' safety by preventing accidental fires. Read more at www.ceramics.org/nanodiamonds AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Obulletin Editorial and Production Eileen De Guire, Editor ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815 edeguire@ceramics.org April Gocha, Managing Editor Faye Oney, Assistant Editor Russell Jordan, Contributing Editor Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Fei Chen, Wuhan University of Technology, China Thomas Fischer, University of Cologne, Germany Kang Lee, NASA Glenn Research Center Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline Inc. Gurpreet Singh, Chair, Kansas State University Chunlei Wan, Tsinghua University, China Eileen De Guire, Staff Liaison, The American Ceramic Society Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics.org Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Charles Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher cspahr@ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Director of Communications & Marketing edeguire@ceramics.org Marcus Fish, Development Director Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation mfish@ceramics.org Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations mjohnson@ceramics.org Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec. Assistant slabute@ceramics.org Mark Mecklenborg, Director of Membership, Meetings & Technical Publications mmecklenborg@ceramics.org Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership kthompson@ceramics.org Officers Michael Alexander, President Sylvia Johnson, President-Elect William Lee, Past President Daniel Lease, Treasurer Charles Spahr, Secretary Board of Directors Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015-2018 Doreen Edwards, Director 2016-2019 Kevin Fox, Director 2017-2020 Dana Goski, Director 2016-2019 Martin Harmer, Director 2015-2018 Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016-2019 Sanjay Mathur, Director 2017-2020 http://bit.ly/acerstwitter eramic Bulletin ULLET BULLETIN bulletin bulletin Energy Hopestog ERAM CERAMIC BULLETIN archive Martha Mecartney, Director 2017-2020 Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015-2018 David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian bulletin online archive coming soon! The American Ceramic Society is excited to announce that the entire ACers Bulletin library—all 96 volumes, dating back to 1922—will soon be available online in a fully searchable and downloadable database. Stay tuned to the website for more details soon! American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2015. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a \"dual-media\" magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramics.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100. Single issues, January-October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 96, No. 8, pp 1-56. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents. 2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 news & trends Open-access article highlights role of ceramics and glass to meet society grand challenges Telephone technologies have come a long way through the generations-party line phones, touch-tone phones, cordless phones, cell phones, and now smartphones. It takes time and resources to develop the science that will lead to new materials and materials engineering-and consensus on priorities. In September 2016, the National Science Foundation sponsored a workshop on the role of ceramic and glass science research in meeting society\'s grand challenges. Organized by Katherine Faber, Jennifer Lewis, Clive Randall, and Gregory Rohrer, 42 leading researchers from the United States and abroad met to tease out the research priorities that will lead to new materials for far-horizon applications. Faber, who was lead organizer, says, \"Our workshop participants identified some especially challenging research directions, which, if realized, would enable advancements across the energy, manufacturing, security, and healthcare sectors.\" The workshop has impact beyond NSF, according to Faber. \"The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is currently conducting a decadal survey on frontiers in materials research. Our report is especially timely to inform the survey of the far-reaching opportunities in glass and ceramics research,\" she says. The workshop was organized around five themes: ceramic processing science, defect-enabled phenomena, low-dimensional phenomena, ceramics for extreme environments, and glasses and highentropy materials. Four materials classes were considered: amorphous materials, oxides, nonoxides, and composites. Eight grand challenges emerged and are reported in an open-access article published in the May 2017 Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Two ideas were common to all themes and materials: the importance of computation materials science, and the need for characterization tools capable of characterizing materials at atomic-scale lengths and for measuring properties as high temperature: and pressure. The ambition of the challenges speaks for itself, as the following synopsis shows. Made In Montana Sold to the World AMERICAN CORPORATION Give Ceramists Something to Think About CUPRIC OXIDE COPPER GRANULES Blue and Red Glazes and Glass • Ferrites • Iron Spot Brick CUPROUS OXIDE Blue Glass and Glaze . 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Issues include developing multiscale modeling techniques, understanding external field effects in colloidal systems, additive manufacturing, and cold sintering. • Challenge #2-The defect genome: Understanding, characterizing, and predicting defects across time and length scales New thinking looks at defects as tunable parameters to gain new kinds of properties in materials. Areas that show promise already include thin films, ferroelectrics, and solid electrolytes. Manipulating defects may play into lowtemperature synthesis mechanisms. • Challenge #3—Functionalizing defects for unprecedented properties Taking Challenge #3 further, what new properties would be possible if defects themselves could be engineered for specific functions? Could new materials with new properties be designed by engineering defect properties? • Challenge #4-Ceramic flatlandsDefining structure-property relations in free-standing, supported, and confined two-dimensional ceramics Two-dimensional materials take the form of free-standing sheets, supported coatings, or the grain boundary interfaces known as complexions. Discovery of 4 Credit: Nick Sieger; Flickr CC 2.0 new 2-D materials outpaces understanding of their properties and, therefore, the ability to design with them. • Challenge #5-Ceramics in the extreme: Discovery and design strategies An environment for which a material does not exist is by definition an extreme environment. Examples include hypersonic flight; aerospace propulsion; advanced nuclear energy; and tribological, superabrasive, and armor materials. Severe environments are difficult to replicate, which makes property data very difficult to achieve. Modeling and simulation are essential tools. • Challenge #6-Ceramics in the extreme: Behavior of multimaterial systems Extreme environments push the limits on all materials exposed. Unexpected interactions between materials in extreme environments could have catastrophic consequences. • Challenge #7-Understanding and exploiting glasses and melts under extreme conditions Glasses form when the kinetic Business news HRL receives NASA award to 3-D print ceramic rocket engine components (www. hrl.com)...Saint-Gobain acquires Kirson, the German reinforcement products specialist (www.saint-gobain.com)… Cell3Ditor uses ceramic 3-D printing to improve production of solid oxide fuel cells (www.3ders.org)...BJS Ceramics and Fraunhofer expand SiC ceramic fiber pilot plant (www.bjsceramics.com)... Guardian Glass jumbo coater construction brings expertise to North America (www. guardianglass.com)...Goodfellow celebrates 50 years in a \'material\' world (www.goodfellow-ceramics.com)... Slag Cement Association launches website featuring new slag cement locator (www. slagcement.org)... Ferro Corp. buys Israeli company for $60M (www.ferro.com)... Serbia and Rio Tinto sign memorandum of understanding on Jadar project (www. riotinto.com)…….Energy Department demands of thermodynamic equilibrium cannot be met, usually by manipulating cooling rate. Better understanding of factors such as pressure or other gradients-possibly through collaboration with the geoscience community-could lead to new glasses and better performance of known glasses. • Challenge #8-Rational design of functional glasses guided by predictive modeling Designing new glasses for specific properties and functionalities requires shedding empirically based glass research and adopting a physics-based understanding of composition and processing conditions. This will require development of multiscale models for oxide, nonoxide, and multicomponent systems. The open-access paper, published in the May 2017 Journal of the American Ceramic Society, is \"The role of ceramic and glass science research in meeting societal challenges: Report from an NSFsponsored workshop\" (DOI 10.111/ jace.14881). announces 11 projects to boost privatesector energy innovation (www.energy. gov)...CoorsTek hosts US Senator Cory Gardner at its Center for Advanced Materials (www.coorstek.com)...Allied Mineral Products and Blasch Precision Ceramics enter exclusive distributor agreement (www.alliedmineral.com)... Quantum Materials Corp surpasses 1,000-hour quantum dot LED milestone (www.qmcdots.com)...US Silica acquires Mississippi Sand LLC (www. ussilica.com)...HC Starck announces AMPERPRINT metal powder program for additive manufacturing (www.hcstarck. com)...Toyota to build $1.6B US plant with rival Mazda (www.reuters.com)... Guardian Glass to construct second glass plant in Poland (www.guardianglass. com)... Merck and Pfizer collaborate with Corning to modernize pharmaceutical glass packaging (www.corning.com) www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 What is really inside your smartphone: A pile of raw minerals and serious social consequences In the name of science, a testing laboratory did the unthinkable-its scientists smashed a brand new Apple iPhone 6 with a 55-kg hammer, dropped it into an industrial blender, and ground it to a fine powder in a ring and puck pulverizer. Then, scientists analyzed the elemental composition of that pile of powder, determining precisely what raw materials were inside. The process, detailed by author Brian Merchant in an article on Vice\'s Motherboard, was part of the author\'s investigation into what materials make up the iPhone and his efforts to trace the supply chain for those materials. According to the lab analysis, the elemental recipe for a 129-g iPhone includes about 24.1% aluminum, 15.4% 129 Grams: The Materials That Make Up The iPhone Materials used in iPhone 6, 16GB model 31.1 g Aluminium 19.9 g Carbon 18.7 g Oxygen 18.6 g Iron 8.1 g Silicon 7.8 g Copper 6.6 g Cobalt 5.5 g Hydrogen 4.9 g Chrome 4.9 g Others 2.7 g Nickel 129.0 g Total StatistaCharts Source: 911 Metallurgist Total value of elements $1.03 statista This infographic from Statista breaks down elemental details on the iPhone\'s composition. carbon, 14.4% iron, and 14.5% oxygen by weight. And altogether, that pile of smartphone powder-ground from a $700 device has a raw elemental value of about $1.03. The scale is not just tipped in terms of the value of the raw materials versus the product value-the amount of raw materials that must be removed from the earth, refined, processed, isolated, and made Credit: 911 Metallurgist; Statista Charts JOIN THE CERAMICS INDUSTRY LEADER COORSTEK *Source: Markets and Markets: Advanced Ceramics Market worth 10.41 Billion USD by 2021. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org The technical ceramics industry is projected to grow to $10 billion by 2021.* CoorsTek is leading the charge with major investments in R&D and human capital. Grow with us. Visit coorstek.com/careers to learn more. ©2017 Coors Tek, Inc 02449 B 5 Onews & trends available is also vastly disproportionate to the amount of each element that actually makes its way inside the finished device. According to the Motherboard article, calculations from the compositional makeup of the smartphone indicate that producing one iPhone, again just 129 g, requires 75 pounds of mined ore, 100 liters of water, and 20.5 grams of суаnide (required to extract precious metal from the mined ore). Extrapolate those calculations across the number of iPhones that have been sold around the world and you get some staggering figures-about 37 million tons of rock mined from the earth so far, according 2016 sales figures. That is just for the Apple iPhone, not all smartphones and other electronic devices that use similar raw materials. And those tons of rock are not mined by fancy machines whirling away efficiently inside the earth—they are backbreakingly mined by human beings who put themselves in dangerous conditions deep within mines to move those valuable bits of rock out to the surface. \"Miners working with primitive tools in deadly environments produce the feedstock for our devices. Many of the iPhone\'s base elements are dug out in conditions that most iPhone users wouldn\'t tolerate for even a few minutes,\" Merchant writes in the Motherboard article. It is not just Apple that gets its materials this way, of course-the whole electronics industry uses similar practices of third-party suppliers to source raw materials. And along the way, accountability is lost. Merchant continues, “The iPhone deserves the credit it gets for revolutionizing mobile computing; for how it changed countless lives. Locked inside every one, alongside the fruits of unparalleled design and technological innovation, are trace amounts of human suffering. It\'s an uncomfortable truth, maybe, but for now, it\'s a part of what makes the one device possible.\" Read the full Motherboard article at www.bit.ly/2uZZp55. 6 Senvol database provides one-stop shopping for materials for additive manufacturing According to the Wohlers Report 2017, additive manufacturing has burgeoned into a booming $6.063 billion industry. There are many materials for additive manufacturing applications. Here, researchers at the Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (Adelaide, Australia) examine a 3-D-printed metal object. In a changing and growing world of additive manufacturing, however, it is hard to keep track of all the options—and there are lots of them. Which is precisely why Senvol, a company that runs analytics for the additive manufacturing industry, developed a comprehensive database for industrial additive manufacturing resources. The Senvol Database is the \"first and most comprehensive database for industrial additive manufacturing machines and materials.\" The free online database, built from manufacturer\'s \'s spec sheets, catalogues industrial additive manufacturing machines and materials in two separate databases that are searchable with more than 30 fields, allowing users to narrow down quickly particular machines or materials of interest. And because it only includes products for industrial additive manufacturing applications, the database allows manufacturers to ignore the noise of options suitable only for desktop 3-D printing applications. \"We\'re very excited by the Senvol Database because it\'s an extremely useful tool for everyone in the additive manufacturing industry,\" Senvol President Zach Simkin says in a news story from America Makes. \"There has been a growing need for a tool like this and we\'re pleased to provide the industry with a solution.\" The entire materials database now contains 1,292 fully searchable materials, including composites, ceramics, metals, polymers, sand, and wax. The database currently includes 20 ceramic materials-but judging by recent predictions and indicators for ceramic materials in the industrial additive manufacturing market, those options might soon expand. Search the Senvol database at www. senvol.com. ceramitec 2018 brings together ceramic scientists, researchers, exhibitors from around the world ceramitec 2018, which takes place April 10-13, 2018, in Munich, Germany, is billed as \"the meeting point for the international ceramics industry.\" ceramitec 2018 offers visitors access to the latest and greatest machinery, raw materials, process systems, devices, and cutting edge technology from 600 exhibitors from 37 countries. Approximately 60% of exhibitors and visitors come from outside of Germany. ceramitec 2018 coincides with the 93rd Annual Meeting of the German Ceramic Society [Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft (DKG)] & Symposium on High Performance Ceramics. This year\'s symposium will focus on digitalization and Industry 4.0, addressing changes that will affect the world of ceramics. Leading international experts and panelists will also discuss how manufacturing of components will change in the future-and how manufacturers can optimize production processes, minimize raw material consumption, reduce power consumption, and help reshape the energy supply landscape. The Association of the German www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 Credit: IPAS institute for photonics & advanced sensing; Flickr CC BY 2.0 Ceramitec 2018 SEE YOU Technologies ovations Materials IN MUNICH % ceramitec 2018 will bring together thousands of scientists, researchers, exhibitors, and students to Munich, Germany, April 10-13, 2018. Ceramic Industry [Verband der Keramischen Industrie (VKI)] will also hold its general meeting for members. \"We are very much looking forward to it (ceramitec) because this means that the entire ceramics family will get together under the roof of Messe München,\" Marion Lintl, ceramitec exhibition manager says in a ceramitec news release. “Thus, we can offer young talents an international platform for presenting the results of their research, discovering new trends, and having in-depth discussions with experts.” For more information, visit www.ceramitec.com. 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Visit our NEW website: http://hexoloy.com For more information, technical data & case studies contact: SCD.sales@saint-gobain.com ▪ 716-278-6233 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org SAINT-GOBAIN 7 Oacers spotlight Society and Division news New ACerS leaders for 2017-2018 ACerS is pleased to introduce the 2017-2018 Society leadership. New officers and directors will be installed at the 119th Annual Meeting on October 9, 2017 at MS&T17, in Pittsburgh, Pa. Society officers and directors Executive Committee Board of Directors (new) Kevin Fox President Michael Alexander Vice presidentResearch and product Principal engineer Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken, S.C. development Riverside Refractories Inc. Fox Pell City, Ala. Alexander Sanjay Mathur Director, Institute of President-elect Sylvia Johnson Chief materials technologist, retired NASA Ames Research Center Inorganic Chemistry University of Cologne Cologne, Germany Goski Dana Goski Director of research Allied Mineral Products Inc. Columbus, Ohio Martin Harmer Alcoa Foundation Distinguished Professor Senior faculty advisor for research initiatives Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pa. Moffett Field, Calif. Johnson Past president William Lee Lee Co-director, Institute for Security Science and Technology Imperial College London London, U.K. Treasurer Daniel Lease CFO WT Holdings LLC Fremont, Ohio Lease Secretary Charlie Spahr Executive director The American Ceramic Society Westerville, Ohio Mathur Harmer Martha Mecartney Professor University of California, Irvine Irvine, Calif. Mecartney Board of Directors (returning) Manoj Choudhary Senior technical staff Owens-Corning Science and Technology Center Granville, Ohio Choudhary Doreen Edwards Professor and dean Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester Institute of Madsen Rohrer Lynnette Madsen Program director of ceramics National Science Foundation Arlington, Va. Gregory Rohrer W.W. Mullins Professor and department head of materials science and engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pa. Parliamentarian David Johnson Editor, retired Journal of the American Ceramic Society Bedminster, N.J. Spahr 8 00 Technology Rochester, N.Y. Edwards Johnson www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 SAUEREISEN POTTING CEMENT - 32 Names in the News Wong-Ng awarded Distinguished Fellow Wong-Ng ACerS Fellow Winnie Wong-Ng of the National Institute of Standards and Technology was honored as the 2017 Distinguished Fellow at the 2017 International Centre for Diffraction Data spring meeting for her sustained outstanding contributions to ICDD, to the powder diffraction community, and to the growth of the Powder Diffraction File. Bowman named dean at UMBC Bowman Former ACerS board member Keith Bowman was recently named dean of the College of Engineering and Information Technology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He was previously dean of the College of Science and Engineering at San Francisco State University (Calif.) Gouma appointed as Edward Orton Jr. chair at OSU Perena Gouma was chosen as incoming Edward Orton Jr. Chair in Ceramic Engineering at the Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio). She will have a joint position as professor of materials science and engineering and professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. The Orton Chair, a tribute to Edward Orton Jr., was established to enhance relationships between industry and OSU, and to broaden contributions of ceramic educational programs related to the manufacture and use of ceramic materials. Gouma Can\'t decide which division to join? Join three! Effective October 1, 2017, ACerS members can join three divisions at no additional cost. ACerS divisions represent principal disciplines of traditional and advanced ceramics and glass-and offer members opportunities to network with those who share similar technical interests and challenges. Divisions also provide members with targeted professional communities, technical meetings, and resources. Add divisions to your ACerS membership today by visiting www.ceramics. org/join-a-division. ՄՐ ՂՍ Halogen Free • Phosphate-Bonded Sodium Silicate • Ideal for Automated Production • Unlimited Potlife • May be Applied at Greater Thickness • Heat Conductive & Electrically Insulating Resists Temperatures to 2,012°F (1100°C) Thermally Shock Resistant In memoriam John Hutchins III Visit Acers website for more obituaries www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org sauereisen.com Technical & Specification Assistance acers spotlight Awards and deadlines Nominations open for 2018 Society awards Additional information on each award, plus many Division and class awards, is available at www.ceramics.org/awards. With the exception of the Fellows award, nomination deadline for all awards is January 15, 2018, unless otherwise noted. Contact Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org or (614) 794-5821 with questions. Lifetime achievement or service awards Distinguished Life Membership, ACerS highest honor, recognizes a member\'s contribution to the ceramics profession. Nominees must be current members who have attained professional eminence because of their achievements in the ceramic arts or sciences, service to the Society, or productive scholarship. W. David Kingery Award recognizes distinguished lifelong achievements involving multidisciplinary and global contributions to ceramic technology, science, education, and art. John Jeppson Award recognizes distinguished scientific, technical, or engineering achievements in ceramics. Greaves-Walker Lifetime Service Award is presented to an individual who has rendered outstanding service to the ceramic engineering profession and who has exemplified the aims, ideals and purof the Education and Professional Development Council. pose Corporate awards Medal for Leadership in the Advancement of Ceramic Technology recognizes individuals, who, through leadership and vision in an executive role, have made significant contributions to the success of their organization-and in turn have significantly expanded frontiers of the ceramics industry. Corporate Environmental Achievement Award recognizes an outstanding environmental achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. Corporate Technical Achievement Award recognizes an outstanding technical achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. Young professional awards Richard M. Fulrath Awards recognize individuals for excellence in research and development of ceramic sciences and materials, and promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists. Nominees must be age 45 or younger at the time of award presentation. Karl Schwartzwalder-Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award recognizes an outstanding young ceramic engineer whose achievements have been significant to the profession. Nominees must be between ages 21 and 40 and must be a member of ACerS and the Educational and Professional Development Council. Robert L. Coble Award for Young Scholars recognizes an outstanding scientist who is conducting research in academia, in industry, or at a government laboratory. Nominees must be ACerS members and be age 35 or younger. Du-Co Ceramics Young Professional Award recognizes a young professional ACerS member who demonstrates exceptional leadership and service to ACerS. Lecture awards Frontiers of Science and SocietyRustum Roy Lecture is presented by a nationally or internationally recognized individual in the area of science, industry, or government. The committee selects the lecturer and also invites suggestions from members. Edward Orton, Jr. Memorial Lecturer recognizes an individual noted for scholarly attainments in ceramics or a related field. The committee selects the lecturer and invites suggestions from members. Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture recognizes an individual who has made outstanding contributions to ceramic engineering that relate to processing or manufacturing of ceramic products. The awardee must be a member of ACerS and the Educational and Professional Development Council. Robert B. Sosman Award, presented by the Basic Science Division, recognizes outstanding achievement in basic science that results in a significant impact to the field of ceramics. Best paper awards John E. Marquis Memorial Award is presented to author(s) of a paper on research, engineering, or plant practices related to ceramics and glass manufacturing published in the prior calendar year in a Society publication, judged to be of greatest value to the members and to the industry. Ross Coffin Purdy Award recognizes author(s) who made the most valuable contribution to ceramic technical literature published two years prior to selection year. The 2018 Purdy award is for the best paper published in 2016. Richard and Patricia Spriggs Phase Equilibria Award recognizes author(s) who made the most valuable contribution to phase stability relationships in ceramicbased systems literature during 2017. Educator and student awards Education and Professional Development Council Outstanding Educator Award recognizes outstanding work and creativity in teaching, in directing student research, or in the general educational process of ceramic educators. Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award recognizes a dis10 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 AdValue Technology Your Valuable Partner In Material Science! Tubing Sapphire Tubing Plate Boat Sapphire Sample Pan tinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and glass discipline. Congrats to the division award rock stars! Electronics, GOMD, and NETD are pleased to announce the winners of various division awards and contests. Congratulations go to Electronics Division Edward C. Henry Award-Winning paper: “Cold sintering process: A novel technique for low-temperature ceramic processing of ferroelectrics,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 99 [11] 3489-3507 (2016) DOI: 10.1111/jace. 14554, by Hanzheng Guo, Amanda Baker, Jing Guo, and Clive A. Randall. Lewis C. Hoffman Scholarship-Nicholas Trainor, Drexel University Glass & Optical Materials Division Alfred R. Cooper Distinguished Lecturer-Edgar Zanotto; Federal University of São Carlos Lecture title: \"The ultimate fate of glass\" Alfred R. Cooper Scholar Award Winner-Yushu Hu; University of California, Los Angeles Lecture title: \"Glass relaxation is controlled by the topology of the atomic network\" Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division D.T. Rankin Award-Alex D. Cozzi, Savannah River National Laboratory NEW for 2018: ACerS Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award The award recognizes a distinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and glass discipline. Nominees must have been a member of the Global Graduate Researcher Network and have completed a doctoral dissertation as well as all other graduation requirements set by their institution for a doctoral degree within 12 months prior to the application deadline. Visit www.bit.ly/GDDDAward for nomination instructions. Nomination deadline: January 15, 2018. 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Chrysler Ave., Tucson, AZ 85713, U.S.A A Deltech Furnaces We Build The Furnace To Fit Your Need™ Standard or Custom Control systems are certified by Intertek UL508A compliant. www.deltechfurnaces.com 11 acers spotlight Member spotlight ACers corporate partner program continues to grow ACerS is pleased to welcome two new corporate partners: Diamond Corporate Partner: SCHOTT glass made of ideas Sapphire Corporate Partner: COORSTEK To learn more about ACerS corporate partnership program, visit www.bit. ly/AcerSCorpPartner, or contact Kevin Thompson, membership director, at (614)794-5894 or kthompson@ ceramics.org. Corporate partners and Manufacturing Division members: Learn how to increase your business value in free webinar Are you getting ready to transition to a new generation of leaders, sell your business, or position it for growth? Join ACerS and expert business coach Daniel Gisser in the upcoming webinar \"The Value Builder,\" Thursday, October 19, 11 a.m.-noon, ET. Gisser will discuss strategies to increase the value of your business, including eight key drivers of value-statistically proven to increase your company\'s value. He will also show you how to run it more effectively, freeing up more of your time for vacation. You will learn how to use the Value Builder interactive tool that provides a comprehensive assessment of your business through the eyes of potential buyers. Register for the webinar at www.bit. ly/2wlgvMO before October 12. Attend your division business meeting at MS&T 2017 Five ACers divisions will hold executive and general business meetings at MS&T17 in Pittsburgh, Pa., in the David L. Lawrence Convention Center. Plan to attend to get the latest updates and to share your ideas with division officers. ECD: Monday, October 9, noon-1 p.m., convention center, room 316 ED: Monday, October 9, noon-1 p.m., convention center, room 310 NETD: Monday, October 9, 4:45– 5:45 p.m., convention center, room 401 BSD: Monday, October 9, noon-1 p.m., convention center, room 409 GOMD: Tuesday, October 10, 4:455:45 p.m., convention center, room 310 Most division executive committee meetings will be held Sunday afternoon, October 8, in the Omni William Penn Hotel. Check with the division chair or Erica Zimmerman (ezimmerman@ceramics.org) for specific times and locations. Students and outreach Learn how to review journals at MS&T17 seminar Plan to attend \"The benefits of being a reviewer for technical journals,\" Wednesday, October 11, noon-1 p.m., at MS&T17 in Pittsburgh, Pa. ACerS journal editors will show young professionals, emerging professionals, and graduate students how becoming a journal reviewer can enhance careers and publishing experiences. Mark your calendars now! Win $1,500 for best ceramographic poster at MS&T The Basic Science Division will present the Roland B. Snow Award to the Best of Show winner of the Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition at MS&T17 in Pittsburgh, Pa. The annual poster exhibit promotes use of microscopy and microanalysis in the scientific investigation of ceramic materials. Winning entries are featured on 12 back covers of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Submission deadline is September 29, 2017. Learn more at www. bit.ly/RolandBSnowAward. ACers Winter Workshop offers professional development sessions for students, young professionals The Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation will host ACerS 3rd annual Winter Workshop, January 19-23, 2018, at ICACC18 in Daytona Beach, Fla. The Winter Workshop provides a combination of technical and professional development sessions designed specifically for students and young professionals. Participants can present a poster and/or submit a talk. For more information and to register, visit www. ceramics.org/winter-workshop-2018. Grad students: Leverage GGRN to advance your career Build an international network of peers and contacts within the ceramic and glass community by joining the Global Graduate Researcher Network. GGRN is an ACerS membership that addresses the professional and career development needs of graduate-level research students who have a primary interest in ceramics and glass. GGRN members receive all ACerS individual member benefits plus special events at meetings and free webinars on topics relevant to the ceramic and glass graduate student community. Membership is only $30 per year. Visit www.ceramics.org/ggrn to learn how GGRN can help your career, or contact Tricia Freshour, ACerS member engagement manager, at tfreshour@ ceramics.org. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION The CGIF awarded a $20,000 grant to eight students who participated in ceramics research projects at the ENLACE 2017 summer high school research program at the University of California, San Diego. Now in its fifth year, ENLACE 2017 is a seven-week residential program for students interested in science and engineering. The program\'s goal is to promote interest and encourage participation in graduate education and research among Hispanic students from Baja California and San Diego, while promoting friendships between the U.S. and Mexico. From June 25-August 11,100 students worked from 9-4 p.m. in pairs one from each side of the border-in research laboratories on the UCSD campus. Students also attended academic enrichment and college preparatory activities in the evenings. Saturday field trips included a visit to the San Diego Supercomputer Center and the Palomar Observatory. \"Thanks to the Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation, I had the opportunity to experience another field of study that I hadn\'t considered before, and I am changing the career I want to spend my four years of college studying,\" participant Pavel Ivan Martinez from Southwest High School, San Diego said. Jose Reynoso-Zimmerer from High Tech High International in Chula Vista (Calif.), added, \"I had never heard about ceramic and glass careers. I now want to explore ceramics and glass to know more about what it is exactly and determine if I see myself working with it in the future.\" ACerS member and project lead Olivia Graeve of UCSD added, \"Support from the CGIF was instrumental in exposing high school students to advanced research in ceramic sciences and to allow them to develop long-lasting friendships for throughout their careers.\" Jose Reynoso-Zimmerer works on a ceramics project in the lab during ENLACE 2017. 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AS9100C www.mo-sci.com • 573.364.2338 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 13 business and market view A regular column featuring excerpts from BCC Research reports on industry sectors involving the ceramic and glass industry bcc Research Nanotechnology market expected to reach $90.5B by 2021 By Andrew McWilliams Nanotechnologyand use of materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter at scales of less than 100 nm-is an enabling technology, which is important chiefly due to its impact on established industries and markets. Nanotechnology is not an \"industry\" or a \"market” per se in the same sense that biotechnology is, for example. The global market for nanotechnology products was valued at about $34.3 billion in 2015 and is estimated to reach $39.2 billion in 2016, growing to approximately $90.5 billion by 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2% during 2016-2021 (Table 1). This figure includes well-established commercial nanomaterials applications, such as nanoparticle-based sunscreen products and nanocatalyst thin films for catalytic converters, as well as new technologies such as nano-thin film solar cells, nanolithographic tools, and nanoscale electronic memory. Nanotechnology applications are divided into nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices. Nanomaterials are nanoscale substances that require further processing or addition of other materials or input to accomplish their intended purpose. Nanotools are devices used to manipulate or measure nanoscale objects or substances. Nanodevices are electromechanical devices that interact with the environment on a nanoscale level to accomplish a specific task or purpose. Nanomaterials dominate the nanotechnology market, accounting for more than $28.5 billion, or 83.3%, of the market in 2015 (Table 1). Nanotools accounted for nearly $5.7 billion (16.6%) in 2015, with nanodevices accounting for the remaining $52 million (0.1%). By 2021, nanomaterials\' share of the market is projected to increase to 85.3%, or more than $77.2 billion. Nanotools\' share is estimated to shrink to 14.5% (nearly $13.1 billion), while nanodevices\' share is expected to increase slightly to 0.2% ($195.9 million). Within the nanomaterials market, nanoscale thin films accounted for 76.7% of total worldwide consumption, or almost $21.9 billion, in 2015 (Table 2). Thin films\' large share of the nanomaterials market reflects their widespread use in catalytic converters. Solid nanoparticles accounted for 11.5% of the market (nearly $3.3 billion), nanostructured monolithics at 7.2% (over $2.0 billion), and nanocomposites at 4.6% ($1.3 billion). Nanotubes (excluding nanotube composites) accounted for 0.02% of the nanomaterials market, but have the highest projected growth rate in the nanomaterials market at a CAGR of 84.5% during 2016-2021. Nanocomposites\' high growth rate (27.5% CAGR) during 2016-2021 is largely a reflection of relatively low sales for 2015, on which it is based, as well as long-term growth potential. Solid nanoparticles also have a higher projected growth rate than the nanomaterials market as a whole, at a CAGR of 19.1% during 2016-2021. The projected growth rates for nanostructured monolithics and nanoscale thin films are 17.8% and 18.3%, respectively, for 2016-2021. As a result of these growth trends, thin films\' share of the nanomaterials market Table 1. Global nanotechnology market by technology type, through 2021 ($ millions) Technology 2015 2016 2021 is projected to decrease to 74.9% by 2021, while nanostructured monolithics\' share drops to 6.7%. Solid nanoparticles are also expected to lose market share, falling to 11.4%, while nanocomposites should gain market share to 6.8%. Nanotubes should likewise gain market share to 0.2%. The largest end-user markets for nanotechnology in 2015 were environmental applications (38.8%), electronics (22.4%), and consumer products (21.1%). Biomedical, consumer, and electronics applications have the highest projected growth rates over the next five years (29.9%, 27.9%, and 20.5%, respectively). As a result, biomedical products\' share of the nanotechnology market should grow to 3.6% by 2021, consumer applications\' share to 34.8%, and electronics applications\' share to 25.4%. Environmental applications\' share is expected to decline to 21%, while energy\'s share falls to 5.6%. About the author Andrew McWilliams is a project analyst for BCC Research. Contact McWilliams at analysts@bccresearch.com. Resource A. McWilliams, \"The maturing nanotechnology market: Products and Applications\" BCC Research Report NAN031G, November 2016. www.bccresearch.com. Table 2. Global nanomaterials market by type, through 2021 ($ millions) Nanomaterial 2015 2016 2021 type Nanoscale thin films Solid nanoparticles Nanostructured 2,054.6 2,268.5 5,141.7 17.8 monolithics CAGR%, 2016-2021 21,893.6 25,003.5 57,847.6 18.3 3,281.8 3,670.3 8,810.4 19.1 Nanocomposites 1,301.6 1,569.4 5,284.3 27.5 Nanotubes and 6.2 8.0 171.1 84.5 other hollow nanoparticles* Nanomaterials 28,537.9 32,519.8 77,255.1 Nanotools 5,686.5 6,627.1 13,088.4 Nanodevices 52.0 56.5 195.9 28.2 Total 34,276.4 39,203.4 90,539.4| 18.2 CAGR%, 2016-2021 18.9 14.6 Total 28,537.9 32,519.8 |77,255.1| 18.9 *Excluding nanotube composites, which are included with nanocomposites. 14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 Oceramics in energy MXene electrodes could increase battery charging rates for electronics, electric vehicles A team in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University (Philadelphia, Pa.), led by Yury Gogotsi, Distinguished University and Bach professor at Drexel\'s College of Engineering, has developed a new design for a battery electrode that can deliver faster charging capabilities-not just for mobile phones, but for laptops, other electronics, and especially for electric vehicles. According to a Drexel news release, the way a battery electrode is designed can determine the speed of charge. The researchers used MXene, a highly conductive material they discovered several years ago, as their electrode material. MXenes are a group of 2-D transition metal carbides that can be used in energy storage systems. But MXenes\' key property is their conductivity, which makes them a perfect material for battery membranes. Rechargeable batteries need storage capacity—which electrode materials provide in the way of ports, otherwise known as redox active sites. The more of these ports a battery has, the longer the battery will last when charged. Collaborating on the project were two researchers from Paul Sabatier University (France), who used MXene and a hydrogel combined with oxide metal to design electrodes with more redox active sites than a typical rechargeable battery. The Drexel team added numerous tiny openings in each site to allow more ions to pass through easily. \"In traditional batteries and supercapacitors, ions have a tortuous path toward charge storage ports, which not only slows down everything, but it also creates a situation where very few ions actually reach their destination at fast charging rates,\' Maria Lukatskaya, one of the researchers at the A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, explains in the news release. Protons \" Innovative Thermal Processing Solutions for Advanced Ceramics Research Facilities • Engineering Studies Pilot Scale Systems • XHarper International harperintl.com TAⓇ Instruments Buy one of our NEW Discovery Laser Flash or Optical Dilatometry Platform systems, get a FREE Dilatometer! T₁₂C₂O(OH), +Sĕ + SH* → Ti₂C₂Ox-5(OH),+5 Drexel researchers developed electrode designs using MXene that allow for much faster charging because they open up paths for ions to quickly travel within the material. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Credit: Drexel University promo.tainstruments.com/bogo 15 ceramics in energy The research could help speed up everyday device charging, but the more important significance is in electric vehicles, where battery charging continues to be an ongoing challenge. Gogotsi believes batteries can be improved with better conducting materials. “If we start using low-dimensional and electronically conducting materials as battery electrodes, we can make batteries working much, much faster than today,\" he says in the release. \"Eventually, appreciation of this fact will lead us to car, laptop, and cell-phone batteries capable of charging at much higher rates-seconds or minutes rather than hours.\" The paper, published in Nature Energy, is “Ultra-high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in two-dimensional transition metal carbides\" (DOI: 10.1038/nenergy. 2017.105). ■ New smart window glass changes from clear to dark in nearly 30 seconds A Stanford University research team has created a new type of smart window that changes from transparent to dark in less than a minute. Self-tinting windows are not new-but this process is a significant improvement over existing technology, according to a Stanford News article. Current smart windows change color when charged with electricity. Michael McGehee, professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford and lead researcher, says tungsten oxide, a typical metal used in commercial smart windows, tends to give the windows a bluish tint and is more expensive. It also takes at least 20 minutes for commercial windows to dim and, over time, they become less opaque. \"We\'re excited because dynamic window technology has the potential to optimize the lighting in rooms or vehicles A smart window prototype with neutral color, high contrast, and excellent durability dims in response to electricity. Credit: Yue et al.; Joule 2017 and save about 20% in heating and cooling costs,\" McGehee says in the article. The team\'s paper describes a process of a “reversible electrodeposition of Cu and a second metal on transparent indium tin oxide electrodes modified by Pt nanoparticles.\" Copper solution is spread over an indium tin oxide sheet that has been modified with platinum nanoparticles. When the window is completely clear, 80% of light can pass through—when it is darkened, less than 5% of light is able to get through. McGehee explains that the main differences between the team\'s windows and current smart windows are in the materials that are used and how well the windows work. \"Electrochromic windows have a metal oxide that changes color when it is oxidized and reduced by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode,\" he writes in an email. \"The advantage of our approach is that the metals are very good at blocking all colors by the same amount. We also think that our design is simpler and that our windows are likely to be cheaper when they are manufactured.\" The research team tested the windows by switching them on and off more than 5,000 times, with no degradation in light transmission. The scientists have already filed a patent for their research. McGehee says the next step involves testing larger samples, as the scientists only used 4-in.² size models in their study. \"Our next steps for developing the dynamically tinting window technology are to figure out how to have large windows that switch quickly and to demonstrate that the windows will be stable under real world operating conditions for the necessary lifetime of the product,\" he adds in the email. \"We are optimistic that the windows can be stable because metals are not damaged by high temperature or sunlight. We hope that the polymer electrolyte can be engineered to be sufficiently stable.\" A video showing how quickly the smart glass changes is available at youtu.be/p24pwj5xSWs. The paper, published in Joule, is \"Dynamic windows with neutral color, high contrast, and excellent durability using reversible metal electrodeposition\" (DOI: 10.1016/j. joule.2017.06.001). Aluminum powder and water produce spontaneous hydrolysis to power fuel cell for soldiers in the field Researchers at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.) recently discovered an aluminum nanomaterial powder that very quickly produces hydrogen fuel by catalyzing water hydrolysis. It typically requires significant extra time and resources to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water molecules. So when the scientists discovered their nanomaterial reaction was imme16 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 Credit: David McNally; U.S. Army • TT TevTech MATERIALS PROCESSING SOLUTIONS Custom Designed Vacuum Furnaces for: • CVD SIC Etch & RTP rings CVD/CVI systems for CMC components • Sintering, Debind, Annealing Unsurpassed thermal and deposition uniformity Each system custom designed to suit your specific requirements Laboratory to Production Exceptional automated control systems providing improved product quality, consistency and monitoring Worldwide commissioning, training and service Army researcher Anthony J. Roberts powers a radio-controlled toy tank with hydrogen harvested from a unique chemical reaction that splits water quickly and without a catalyst. diate, they realized they had stumbled onto a breakthrough in the creation of hydrogen fuel. \"The hydrogen that is given off can be used as a fuel in a fuel cell,\" Scott Grendahl, materials engineer and research team leader says in an ARL news release. \"What we discov ered is a mechanism for a rapid and spontaneous hydrolysis of water.\" Anit Giri, a physicist with ARL\'s Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, says the process does not need a catalyst and can produce a great deal of energy in a short period of time. \"We have calculated that one kilogram of aluminum powder can produce 220 kilowatts of energy in just three minutes,\" he explains. \"Our powder, in combination with the fuel cell, is a very good closed loop,\" Grendahl says in an ARL video available at youtu.be/oAE407SjFPM. \"We need water for our reaction and the fuel cell gives off water, so it\'s closing the loop of the fuel cell power generation cycle.\" The researchers demonstrated their discovery using a toy tank powered by the powder and water reaction. However, their material could eventually be used to 3-D-print selfdestructive robots for specific air and ground missions. Grendahl said their discovery can help develop more powerful batteries for soldiers in the field. \"These teams are out for a short number of days, three to five days, and a lot of that depends not only on their food supplies, but on how long their supplies last in terms of their equipment, and right now that stems from lithium batteries,\" he says in the news release. \"If we can recharge those batteries, they can stay out longer. www.tevtechllc.com Tel. (978) 667-4557 100 Billerica Ave, Billerica, MA 01862 Fax. (978) 667-4554 sales@tevtechllc.com Starbar and Moly-D elements are made in the U.S.A. with a focus on providing the highest quality heating elements and service to the global market. IR -- 50 years of service and reliability 50 1964-2014 I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511 Fax: (716)542-2100 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com www.isquaredrelement.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 17 call for papers Abstracts due November 24, 2017 2018 GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION ANNUAL MEETING Hilton Palacio del Rio | San Antonio, Texas may 20-24, 2018 TECHNICAL PROGRAM - Fundamentals of the glassy state - Glasses in healthcare-fundamentals and application - Optical and electronic materials and devices― fundamentals and applications - Glass technology and cross-cutting topics - Symposium to honor Professor L. David Pyeglass scholar and ambassador www.ceramics.org/gomd2018 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org ●advances in nanomaterialsRunning the air conditioner can help filter nanoparticles out of your car\'s inside air The air around major roadways is rife with particulate air pollution. Those fine particulates-originating mostly from the combustion reactions going on inside fossil-fueled engines and spewing out the exhaust-are so tiny that they easily travel deep inside human lungs. And once within the body, those fine particulates trigger inflammation, which eventually leads to cardiovascular disease and other health concerns. In fact, according to an article from Tufts University, “even a minuscule increase in fine particulates (just 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air), could cause up to an 18% bump in cardiovascular disease.\" But new research from Washington University (St. Louis, Mo.) suggests there is a simple fix to help help keep the air inside cars a little cleaner-and it only requires the click of a switch. The Washington University team\'s comprehensive measurements of air pollution, collected over a span of four months, show that running the air conditioning offers clear cleaner-air benefits over running only the fan or simply leaving the windows down during daily commutes. By comparing particulate levels inside and outside of cars during their daily commutes and corresponding those measurements to dashcam-captured traffic variables and weather conditions, the scientists discovered that simply running the air conditioning inside a car can help keep the air inside 20%-34% cleaner. \"We found a significant difference between running the fan versus running the AC,\" Nathan Reed, Washington University Ph.D. candidate and second author of the research, says in a Washington University news story. “The AC is pulling outside air, running through the same filter with the same ventilation path as the fan. But there\'s one difference: when the AC is operating, you have a cold evaporator that is cooling the air as it passes. This cold surface attracts the polZAL Tabular Alumina We Are Committed To Offer The Best You Deserve. Low Sodium Tabular Alumina Calcined Alumina Reactive Alumina Zili USA,LLC Address: 149 Nichole Ave #2, McKees Rocks, PA 15136 Email: jsum@ziliref.com Phone:408-728-1849 Website: www.zilialutech.com ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS FOR POWDER COMPACTION O Gasbarre | PTX-Pentronix | Simac HIGH SPEED, MECHANICAL, AND HYDRAULIC POWDER COMPACTION PRESSES FOR UNPRECEDENTED ACCURACY, REPEATABILITY, AND PRODUCTIVITY New research indicates that simply running the air conditioning inside a car can help keep the cabin air 20%-34% cleaner that outside air. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Credit: Ricky Romero; Flickr CC BY-NC 2.0 MONOSTATIC AND DENSOMATIC ISOSTATIC PRESSES FEATURING DRY BAG PRESSING GASBARRE 814.371.3015 PRESS GROUP www.gasbarre.com 19 advances in nanomaterials lutant particles, and they deposit there, as opposed to diffusing it into the air you\'re breathing.” It is that simple, the scientists say-nanoparticulates stick to the air conditioning\'s cold evaporator instead of remaining suspended in the air, reducing the concentration of particles that make their way through the filter and into the cabin air. The scientists found that the level of protection that air conditioning offered varied depending on conditions outside, with enhanced reduction of particulate levels during times when concentrations were elevated, such as when driving behind a large truck. The team\'s results also show that, not surprisingly, keeping the windows up can additionally help buffer cabin air quality from the outside world. According to the scientists, keeping windows up can offer 8%-44% boost in protection from particles once all factors are considered. However, once particles have found their way inside the cabin, keeping the windows closed of course keeps the particulates trapped inside-so the scientists\' best advice is to adopt a dynamic air flow strategy depending on traffic, weather, and environmental factors to minimize particulate levels inside. \"The vehicle cabin can be viewed as a buffer, protecting us from the outside air,\" Anna Leavey, a research scientist in Washington University\'s School of Engineering and Applied Science and first author of the research, says in the news release. \"While driving with your air conditioning on and windows closed is the most protective thing that you can do, running the AC can decrease your fuel economy. That\'s why adopting a dynamic behavior modification approach is recommended, in which the AC or closed windows are used when following a highly polluting vehicle, or on the freeway which tends to be more highly polluted. Once you have left the polluted environment, we recommend opening your windows to remove any pollutant build-up from your car.” A short video detailing the research is available at youtu.be/ xcG4H31wIFA. The paper, published in Atmospheric Environment, is \"Comparing on-road real-time simultaneous in-cabin and outdoor particulate and gaseous concentrations for a range of ventilation scenarios\" (DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.07.016). Carbon nanotubes help quartz fiber remove toxic metals from water Heavy metals can be toxic to humans after long term accumulation in the body. When absorbed into the body, they can damage organs and tissues, causing a lifetime of chronic health issues and in some cases, can lead to death. They typically appear in water in communities that have no public purification or filtration system, but they also can leach into the groundwater via landfills. Fortunately, researchers at Rice University (Houston, Texas) might have come up with a solution to keep those danger20 20 Plain quartz fiber (top) gains the ability to remove toxic metals from water when carbon nanotubes are added (bottom). The filters absorbed more than 99% of metals from test samples laden with cadmium, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, and lead. ous metals out of the water. Andrew Barron, Rice chemist, and Perry Alagappan, an undergraduate student at Stanford University, along with a research team, have created a reusable filter-a \"supported epoxidized carbon nanotube,\" or SENTthat can absorb nearly all heavy metals from water. The key to the filter\'s ability to remove toxic metals from water is in the carbon nanotubes that the team added to quartz fiber material. After an epoxidation process, they filtered five liters of water within a minute. In addition, \"the material retained nearly 100% of its capacity to filter water for up to 70 liters per 100 grams of SENT, after which the metals contained could be extracted for reuse or turned into a solid for safe disposal,\" according to a Rice news release. The filters can be reused by simply cleaning them in vinegar, a product that \"every culture on the planet knows how to make,\" Barron explains in the release. He also says that the filter materials are inexpensive-making the filters affordable for third world countries to produce. The researchers would like to eventually see the technology scaled for wider use. \"This would make the biggest social impact on village-scale units that could treat water in remote, developing regions,\" Barron says in the release. “However, there is also the potential to scale up metal extraction, in particular from mine wastewater.\' \" The paper, published in Scientific Reports, is \"Easily regenerated readily deployable absorbent for heavy metal removal from contaminated water\" (DOI: 10.1038/s41598-01706734-7). www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 Credit: Barron Research Group; Rice University New desalination process uses carbon nanotubes to filter salt from seawater A recent collaboration between researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Livermore, Calif.) and Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.) has resulted in a new process to potentially generate clean water from the ocean. The scientists created carbon nanotube straws-measuring more than 50,000 times thinner than a human hair—that can filter salt molecules from ocean water. \"It\'s basically a straw that\'s made of carbon, but the ones that we use are actually really narrow straws-and they are so narrow that basically you can only fit a water molecule in those straws, one at a time,\" Alex Noy, senior research scientist at LLNL and principal investigator for the research project, explains in an LLNL video available at youtu.be/ylw-u6IZ1AI. The thin carbon nanotubes are just 0.8 nm wide. They are water permeable, but their most important functionality lies in the tiny pores that prevent salt ions from passing through. The team had experimented with carbon nanotubes larger than 1 nm. Although they were more efficient at transporting water faster, they were not as efficient in filtering out the salt. Not only are the salt ions bigger than the width of the nanotubes that the team is using, but the charges at the end of the nanotube reject positive and negative salt ions, Ramya Tunuguntla, postdoctoral researcher at LLNL and co-author of the team\'s paper, reports in the video. \"We were interested in studying the fundamental water and ion transport rates of these carbon nanotube porins, as there were previously a lack of experimental methods to measure such properties,\" Tunuguntia writes in an email. “Now that we have an understanding of the water flux and the mechanisms that allow such a great enhancement even compared to biological gold standards, we can now begin to address how to make a robust and scalable system.\" The paper, published in Science, is “Enhanced water permeability and tunable ion selectivity in subnanometer carbon nanotube porins” (DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2438). | SURMET Engineering Gutter Material Solutions Global Leader in Transparent Ceramics THE ALONⓇ ADVANTAGE ✓ Superior Transparent Armor material ✓ High Field Durability Excellent RI homogeneity for Reconnaissance and IR Sensing applications Producibility Robust manufacturing process ✓ Commercially available in many sizes and shapes OTHER PRODUCTS: ⚫Fine-grained high strength Spinel Aluminum Nitride powder and specialty sintered components •Advanced Coating Technologies sales@surmet.com +1 781 272 3969 www.surmet.com nga ISO 9001:2008 Certified UNLOCK THE ANSWERS TO YOUR CERAMICS QUESTIONS WITH X-Section Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SMART FLEXIBLE POWERFUL SEM Questions about... • Phases? ⚫ Porosity? An artist\'s depiction of a stylized carbon nanotube pipe that delivers clean desalinated water from the ocean to a kitchen tap. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Credit: Ryan Chen; LLNL • AL • Si ☐ C Metal Matrix Composite - AlSiC ⚫ Inclusions? Microstructures? •Bond Interfaces? Come see how JEOL high resolution, analytical SEMS and precision Cross Section Polishers help you get answers. Visit jeolusa.com/ceramics and see us at MS&T \'17. Tip of Dental Drill Bit JEOL Solutions for Innovation salesinfo@jeol.com 21 research briefs Glass viscosity calculations definitively debunk the myth of observable flow in medieval windows Advances in technology have recently allowed glass scientists at Corning (Corning, N.Y.) to take another closer look at the urban legend of flowing glass cathedral windows by calculating the rate of glass flow in medieval windows. The team combined glass transition theory and experimental characterization techniques, which, the scientists report, had astounding agreement. Their results indicate the highest ever direct measurement of glass viscosity at low temperatures. The scientists-including ACerS members Ozgur Gulbiten and John Mauro, now at Pennsylvania State University (University Park, Pa.)-used medieval glass windows in Westminster Abbey from 1268 A.D. as the basis for their calculations. New calculations show that medieval glass windows, like these at Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, France, are not thicker at the bottom because of glass flow. Research News Critical point in breaking the glass problem A team of scientists from the University of Bristol (U.K.) and Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz (Germany) may have found the missing fragment to the mystery of the glass transition, enabling the reconciliation of interpretations of the physical processes underlying emergence of amorphous solids. By developing novel methods to produce samples exceptionally close to ideal glasses, the team found that dynamical interpretation of the glass transition seems to end at a \"critical point,\" which is close to the temperature for formation of ideal glass. In other words, the dynamical and thermodynamic interpretations of the glass transition are different reflections of the same underlying phenomenon. For more information, visit www.bristol.ac.uk/news. Their measurements reveal that medieval glass has a much lower viscosity than expected at room temperature—16 orders of magnitude less than previous estimates, which were based on soda-lime silicate glass. However, despite the low values, the glass\'s viscosity is still \"much too high to observe measurable viscous flow on human time scale,\" the authors write in a paper describing their findings, published in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. The team\'s calculations show that the medieval glass maximally flows just ~ 1 nanometer over the course of one billion years. That is just 0.000000001 nanometer per year—which, although theoretically measurable, would be practically impossible to achieve. \"This result confirms that the long-lasting myth about the flow of glasses at room temperature is still just that: a myth,” the authors conclude in the paper. While the results are based on calculations and experiments for those specific Westminster Abbey windows, however, the results extend beyond those examples. \"The flow rate is specific to the particular viscosity curve, which is typical for medieval cathedral glass compositions,\" Mauro explains in an email. Those compositions usually included higher K₂O and MgO concentrations and lower SiO2 and Na₂O concentrations than modern window glasses. But \"the glass composition would have to be changed rather dramatically to get a qualitatively different result.\" In other words, although different glass compositions will have different flow rates, the rate is still going to be too slow to account for any measurable changes. However, many old glass windows are actually measurably thicker at the bottom-but that difference can be traced to manufacturing inconsistencies. Medieval windows were typically manufactured using the crown process, in which glass was blown into a hollow globe, flattened, and spun out into a flat disk. Glass window panes were cut from the nonuniform disks, which were thicker in the center and thinner at the edges. \"Given nonuniform glass, it is only natural to orient the Technique tunes the color of LED light emission Ludwig Maximilian University (Munich, Germany) researchers in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Linz (Austria) have found an economical way of tuning the color of light emitted by an LED by altering the size of perovskite nanocrystals. The crucial element of the method is a nanometerthin wafer that is patterned like a waffle. Its depressions serve as tiny reaction vessels whose shape and volume ultimately determine the final size of the nanocrystals. The stable semiconducting crystals can be printed on suitable surfaces and are thus are ideal to manufacture display LEDs. For more information, visit www.en.uni-muenchen.de/news. 22 22 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 thicker I of the glass at the bottom, since it gives the part appearance of being more stable,\" Mauro explains. In addition to definitively debunking the flowing glass window myth, the new JACerS paper represents an important development in available methods for studying low-temperature dynamics of glasses, especially commercially relevant glasses, such as glasses used in flat panel display and chemically strengthened cover glass-like Gorilla Glass. \"This work represents significant advances in both theoretical and experimental characterization of low temperature viscosity, which is also extremely valuable for modern industrial glasses,\" Mauro says. The paper, published in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, is \"Viscous flow of medieval cathedral glass\" (DOI: 10.1111/jace. 15092). High-tech methods confirm Pliny the Elder\'s observations and reveal new insights into strength of Roman concrete Roman author and naturalist Pliny the Elder wrote in his book Naturalis Historia around 79 A.D. that concrete, \"as soon as it comes into contact with the waves of the sea and is submerged, becomes a single stone mass, impregnable to the waves and every day stronger.\" The key, an international group of scientists recently found, is that Roman concrete evolves over time, actually getting stronger with age. That strength can be traced to the presence of a rare hydrothermal mineral-aluminous tobermorite (Altobermorite) that forms as a result of complex chemical reactions within the material. As a result, Roman harbor concrete structures survive about two orders of magnitude longer than Portland-type cement seawater concrete structures, the authors write in their new paper, published in American Mineralogist. \"This paper is essentially a validation of Pliny\'s observations,\" Marie Jackson, a research associate professor of geology vision ALLIED MINERAL global PRODUCTS Cutting-edge monolithic and precast refractory technology Our high quality products optimize installation, extend campaigns, and meet the unique needs of virtually any industry application. Advanced research and development centers Global presence & flexible manufacturing Large sales and service force Custom design engineering Unmatched Field support Committment to Quality process technology Global Refractory Solutions alliedmineral.com | info@alliedmin.com | +1-614-876-0244 FineWay CERAMICS -STRONGER This is the way; Walk in it! Isaiah 30:21 We Specialize in: - Silicon Nitride - Silicon Carbide - Alumina WEAR AND IMPACT RESISTANCE -HIGHER HARDNESS AND TOUGHNESS - BETTER CHEMICAL AND THERMAL STABILITY -LOWER COST AND WEIGHT Optical method pinpoints weak spots in thermal coatings Researchers have demonstrated that an optical analysis method can reveal weak areas in ceramic thermal barrier coatings for jet engine turbines. In the strain-measurement technique, researchers used a tensile machine to pull a metal specimen coated with a ceramic thermal barrier and measured changes in refractive index with a polariscope. Using gigahertz illumination is key to the new technique because these wavelengths allow analysis from within the material. The technique demonstrated that changes in refractive index could be observed when a piece of metal coated with a ceramic thermal barrier coating was pulled in a controlled manner. For more information, visit www.osa.org. 000 www.finewayceramics.com Tele: 226-975-5672 sales@finewayinc.com 367 Askin Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 2X1, Canada American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 23 research briefs and geophysics at the University of Utah and author of the new paper, said in a phone interview with ACerS. The key concrete-strengthening mineral, Al-tobermorite, forms crack-stopping fibers and plates within voids in the cement. Although Al-tobermorite is not found in conventional concrete, it occurs naturally in some volcanic rock and forms in materials that store nuclear and toxic wastes. Using a suite of high-tech experimentation methods, including electron microscopy, X-ray microdiffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, the scientists revealed that the Romans did not initially put Al-tobermorite in their concrete-instead, the mineral formed over a slow and evolving timeline of chemical reactions with the seawater itself. The Romans formed their concrete from a mixture of volcanic ash, lime, and seawater, which together form a mortar that they used to cement together larger chunks of volcanic rock. Initially, volcanic ash and lime mix together in what are called pozzolanic reactions, which form strong cementitious binding hydrates that hold the concrete together. But lime is consumed in these reactions early on-previous research shows that lime is consumed within just a A drilling project at a marine structure in Portus Cosanus, Tuscany, in 2003 yielded Roman concrete samples that have revealed important insights into the durability of the ancient material few decades for large concrete structures, and less time for smaller structures. And once the lime is gone, those pozzolanic reactions, which are thought to confer the strength to Roman concrete, cease. So, at some point in the concrete\'s timeline, a different process takes over. \"These materials have the ability to transform themselves over time at low temperature through a seawater corrosion process,\" Jackson says. The scientists\' new analyses indicate that as seawater infiltrates Roman concrete, it slowly dissolves small bits of minerals within the concrete. This dissolution makes the fluid more alkaline, allowing a shift in the types of reactions that occur within localized pockets in the concrete. \"My hypothesis is those fluids continue to percolate through the concrete, and when they come into very small areas, the fluids might get sealed in there as permeability decreases,\" Jackson explains. “In those miniscule volumes, in situ reac tions can generate very alkaline fluids-and that\'s how the tobermorite might form.\" So instead of weakening the material, seawater dissolving minerals within the concrete actually strengthens it by allowing Al-tobermorite crystal plates and fibers to grow. According to Jackson, the new work shows that different microenvironments form at very fine scales within the concrete-and these microenvironments have chemically dynamic histories that change over time. \"It\'s really been an inspiration for me-we have these records written down that have survived for 2,000 years, and we have these material records as well. And what they\'re telling us is that these people were very good natural scientists,” Jackson says. \"They had excellent capabilities for empirical observations-they were using a method based on science and knowledge, and it\'s this careful observation and experimentation that led to these remarkably durable materials.\" The paper, published in American Mineralogist, is \"Phillipsite and Al-tobermorite mineral cements produced through lowtemperature water-rock reactions in Roman marine concrete\" (DOI: 10.2138/am-2017-5993CCBY). Research News Bubbles help new catalysts self-optimize Scientists at Rice University (Houston, Texas) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Livermore, Calif.) have predicted and created new 2-D electrocatalysts to extract hydrogen from water with high performance and low cost. In the process, they also created a simple model to screen materials for catalytic activity. The new dichalcogenide catalysts, made using niobium and tantalum, matched the efficiency of platinum but can be made at a fraction of the cost. Performance enhancements in both electrocatalysts were directly related to changes in the materials\' physical shape despite no observed changes in their chemical or crystal properties. For more information, visit www.news.rice.edu. 24 Scientists set new silicon solar efficiency records Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Jefferson County, Colo.), Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (Neuchâtel, Switzerland), and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Lausanne, Switzerland) created tandem solar cells with record efficiencies. In testing silicon-based multijunction solar cells, the researchers found that the highest dual-junction efficiency (32.8%) came from a tandem cell that stacked a layer of gallium arsenide atop a film of crystalline silicon. The researchers note that making the transition from silicon single-junction cells to silicon-based dual-junction cells will enable manufacturers to push efficiencies past 30% while still benefiting from their expertise in making silicon solar cells. For more information, visit www.nrel.gov. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 CALL FOR PAPERS Submit your abstracts by February 12, 2018 MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY (MCARE 2018) August 20 - 23, 2018 Sheraton Vancouver Wall Centre Hotel | Vancouver, BC, Canada TECHNICAL PROGRAM - MATERIALS FOr Solar Fuel Production and Applications - ADVANCED ELECTROCHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE - MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN PEROVSKITE AND NEXT GENERATION SOLAR CELLS - FERROELECTRICS AND MULTIFERROICS FOR ENGERY GENERATION, CONVERSION, AND STORAGE - MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN DIRECT THERMAL-TO-Electrical ENERGY CONVERSION AND THERMAL ENERGY HARNESsing for Efficient INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS - MATERIALS FOR Spectral Energy CONVERSION - ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL Cells and High Temperature ElectROLYSIS - LIFECYCLE CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENERGY MATERIALS - CRITICAL MATERIALS FOR ENERGY - MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE NUCLEAR ENERGY SUSTAINABLE, ECO-FRIENDLY ADVANCED MATERIALS AND NANODEVICES - YOUNG SCIENTISTS FORUM ON FUTURE ENERGY MATERIALS AND DEVICES www.ceramics.org/mcare2018 Hosted and organized by: The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Also organized by: Ö KICHE The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers ceramics in biomedicine Credit: David Baillot; UCSD Jacobs School of Engineering A window to the brain: Biocompatible ceramics open clear options for ultrasonic brain treatment Recent research has shown significant promise of ultrasound treatment to alleviate the symptoms of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer\'s disease, brain cancer, Parkinson\'s disease, depression, multiple sclerosis, and stroke, in addition to many non-neurological diseases as well. When it comes to delivering ultrasound therapy, however, that same skull that affords the brain with so much protection also happens to inhibit ultrasound waves from reaching the complex organ-the cranium absorbs and reflects most ultrasonic waves. So a group of researchers from the University of California, Riverside, in collaboration with the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), in México City, has a clear idea for a solution-a transparent ceramic window implanted into the skull that would allow continued, noninvasive ultrasonic treatment of the brain. The team recently tested a candidate ceramic-low-porosity polycrystalline 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ)— and showed that the material allows ultrasound waves to pass through with little of the interference that bone exhibits. The scientists tested 8YSZ with varying levels of porosity by measuring the material\'s acoustic properties and evaluating wave propagation through them using finite element models. Their results show that ultrasound attenuation is linearly dependent on ceramics\' porosity, the authors report in the abstract of a recent paper describing the work. \"With the full dense samples, we obtained 80.8% of ultrasound transmission through an 8YSZ implant of 3.6 mm, in contrast to almost 10% of reported ultrasound transmission through cranial bone at the same thickness.\" 8YSZ\'s biocompatibility and toughness make it an ideal implant mate26 rial, which is reinforced by the fact that the material is already used in dental implant and hip replacement applications. The idea driving the investigation is that such a material could eventually be used as a small window directly incorporated into patients\' skulls. After the initial implantation procedure, the window would allow delivery of recurring, noninvasive ultrasound treatments directly to the brain. A version of the ceramic skull implant developed by a University of California, Riverside-led team of researchers. incorporate both ultrasonic and laserbased therapies. According to Javier Garay, professor of mechanical engineering at UC San Diego and a senior author of the new paper, such an implant would be permanent or semi-permanent. And although the patient\'s skin would likely grow over the ceramic implant, it might not obstruct the view. \"It might be possible to use optical clearing agents to temporarily make skin more transparent and use the implant that way,\" Garay adds in an email. The key to the material\'s success is that the scientists densified 8YSZ via current-assisted pressure-activated densification to produce a material with low porosity, which allows ultrasound waves to pass through relatively unhindered. \"It is important to appreciate that the zirconia we developed works well for this application because we engineered it to have low porosity. Porosity, a common defect in ceramics produced by traditional methods, significantly deteriorates ultrasound transmission as we show in this paper,\" Garay says in a UCR Today article. The new work is part of the larger Window to the Brain project, which previously demonstrated that YSZ materials are viable candidates to develop implantable windows for laser-based therapies. According to the latest release, those materials are now in preclinical trials. The team is now developing 8YSZ because it is an optically transparent material, which would allow the possibility for future brain-implanted windows to deliver combination treatments that According to Garay, the team is now assessing the biocompatibility of 8YSZ materials. \"We expect them to perform even better than what is currently used since they are more dense (transparent) and have finer grain sizes.\" Other materials could be suitable for implantable windows, as well, including other stabilized zirconias and alumina, Garay indicates. \"We may explore other compositions as well.\" The paper, published in Advanced Healthcare Materials, is \"Novel cranial implants of yttria-stabilized zirconia as acoustic windows for ultrasonic brain therapy\" (DOI: 10.1002/ adhm. 201700214). Graphene temporary tattoos offer potential for mobile health monitoring, human machine interfaces, and more A team at the University of Texas at Austin has developed a wearable electronic sensor that incorporates wonder material graphene, allowing the temporary tattoo-like sensor to measure electrical activity from the heart, muscles, brain, and more. The UT-Austin team\'s sensor consists of an ultrathin layer of graphene, just 460 nm thick, coated with a polymer layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which are together mounted onto transfer paper. The bilayer matewww.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 脂 A team at the University of Texas at Austin has incorporated graphene into a wearable electronic sensor that can be applied to the skin just like a temporary tattoo. rial, ~85% transparent and with more than 40% stretchability, can be cut into ribbon designs depending on the type of sensor created. And just like those temporary tattoos of youth-the graphene sensors are applied by simply placing them on the skin, wetting the backing paper, and slowly peeling it away. No adhesive is needed because van der Waals forces hold the thin sensors in place on the skin. \"The graphene tattoo is a dry physiological sensor which, because of its thinness, forms an ultra-conformal contact to skin, resulting in increased signal fidelity,\" coauthor Shideh Kabiri Ameri at the University of Texas at Austin says in a Phys.org news story. \"Conformability results in less susceptibility to motion artifacts, which is one the biggest drawbacks of conventional dry sensors and electrodes for physiological measurements.\" According to the scientists, their graphene tattoos stay attached to skin for several hours \"without fracture or delamination,\" and applying a liquid bandage on top can prolong the temporary tatto for several days. So far, the scientists have been able to use their graphene tattoos to measure skin temperature, skin hydration, and electrical activity of the heart, muscles, and brain, according to the paper\'s abstract. \"Graphene electronic tattoos are most promising for potential applications in mobile health care, assisted technologies, and human machine interfaces,\" Kabiri Ameri says in the Phys.org story. \"In the area of human machine interfaces, electrophysiological signals recorded from the brain and muscles can be classified and assigned for specific action in a machine. This area of research can have applications for the internet of things, smart houses and cities, human computer interaction, smart wheelchairs, speech assistance technology, monitoring of distracted driving, and human-robot control. Recently we have demonstrated the application of graphene tattoos for sensing human signals to wirelessly control flying objects. That demonstration will be reported in the near future.\" The paper, published in ACS Nano, is \"Graphene electronic tattoo sensors\" (DOI: 10.1021/acsnano. 7b02182). The World\'s Toughest Advanced Technical Ceramics RocCera Advanced Technical Ceramics Manufacturing Precision machining, grinding, lapping and assemblycomplete package delivered • Experts in net-shape manufacturing of yttria stabilized zirconia and zirconia-alumina composites www.roccera.com Rochester Technology Park, Bldg. 2⚫ 771 Elmgrove Rd., Rochester NY 14624 Call 585-426-0887 Email to info@roccera.com OptiSonic™ Series World-Class Ultrasonic Machining Centers Ontho 0.25 in base 0.09 in top 0.27 in HEX ← 3 in• Available in 500, 800, 1100, and 1200 mm of X travel •3, 4, or 5 axis of motion (X, Y & Z standard, B & C optional) •Advanced IntelliSonic TM technology locks, loads and maintains peak ultrasonic machining performance • Ideal for advanced hard ceramics and optical glasses 0.06 in wall thickness 2XR0.375 in 00.25 in Material: 99.5 Alumina Oxide 35 YEARS OF INNOVATION OPTIPRO Est.1982 0.27 in Learn more: www.optipro.com 585-265-0160 sales@optipro.com 0.25 in American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 27 22 A National University of Singapore researcher works with a pulsed laser deposition system that enables atomic control of complex ceramic thin films bulletin cover story Credit: National University of Singapore Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative Markets of magnitude Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia take the lead in Southeast Asian ceramic technology research, development, and cross-border collaboration By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht Asia sia has no shortage of ceramic technology leaders. But while the industry\'s attention is focused chiefly on India, China, Japan, and South Korea, countries in Southeast Asia are making major investments and significant advances-in ceramic research and product commercialization. These developments are unfolding in tandem with seismic shifts in the region\'s economic fortunes. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, known as ASEAN, \"is forecasted to overtake the EU and Japan to become the fourth largest economy in the world by 2050, behind China, India, and the U.S.,\" the U.S.-ASEAN Business Council notes on its website. The organization adds that the region is home to the world\'s thirdlargest labor force and that its middle class is projected to double in size by 2030. That year, the middle class is expected to cross the 334 million mark-equal to 51% of the total population-up from 135 million, or 24% of the population, in 2015. Το put those numbers in perspective, consider that the U.S. population was just under 324 million in July 2016 and that, according to the Pew Research Center, the country\'s middle class fell below the 50% mark in 2015. Collectively, ASEAN countries are the fourth-largest U.S. export market (after Canada, Mexico, and China). In 2015, exports exceeded $100 billion (Figure 1), including $75 billion in goods and $27 billion in services, the U.S.-ASEAN Business Council reports (Figure 2); that is an 81% increase since 2004. 28 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS TO ASEAN Riding the nanotechnology wave Among the notable developments in the region is its focus on nanotechnology research. While companies in the refractories sector rely on (and market themselves as offering) technology and equipment licensed from Japan or Germany, nanotechnology advances are emerging from original work conducted in Southeast Asia. Professor Venky Venkatesan, director of the National University of Singapore\'s Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI), believes several factors contributed to the rise of this research concentration. The field offers a low barrier to entry to the extent that while complex, sophisticated projects may require investments in the millions, there is a lower level at which \"you can basically do beaker technology,\" he says. “A fantastic, dynamic range of research investments were possible. Of course, even if you use beaker technology, ultimately to get real data you have to go top end, so it\'s not cheap. But an individual who\'s making stuff could make it on a low budget and then interact with some major laboratory.\" As a bonus, he adds, a nanotechnology project presents well, shows promising market potential, and therefore is a strong candidate for landing significant government funding. “So it was a fantastic vehicle WASHINGTON OREGON 34.48 CALIFORNIA best tale pe MONTANA 03 NORTH DAROCAINNESOTA WISCONSIN IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA WYOMING MICHIGAN CA MAINE NEW YORK NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT SO MASSACHUSETTS 12 RHODE ISLAND S CONNECTICUT SO NEW JERSEY 12:0 DELAWARE 10 MARYLAND DISTRICT OF COLUNAS LEGEND PENNSYLVANIA IOWA NEVADA МЕРАЗКА 11.0 OHIO UTAH 1:06 ILLINOIS DAN COLORADO KANSAS VIRGINIA MISSOUR KENTUCKY NCAROLINA OKLAHOMA ARIZONA NEW MEXICO ARRANDAS CAROLINA GEORGIA 1050 ALABAMA ELD 30079 LOKIC EAST WEST CENTER ALASKA 103 HAWAT TEXAS Califonia is the largest US poo ASEAN with Tex in the large US expter of good Bod South Calin expon ASEAN th Source Estimated by Trade Partnership (Washington, DC) US-ASEAN BUSINESS COUNCIL INC ISERS YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE Figure 1. The U.S. exported more than $100 billion in goods and services to ASEAN countries in 2015-this map shows a breakdown of exports by state. For more information, download the entire report at www.bit.ly/2j07j09. to really promote research in materials science. That\'s why it worked really well and took off in Southeast Asia.\" The ten ASEAN member states are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Here, we take a look at developments in four of those countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia (Figure 3). See our market snapshot sidebars for an economic and trade overview of each of these countries. COMPOSITION OF US GOODS & SERVICES EXPORTS TO ASEAN Food & Kindred Products $4.8b Machinery $6.8b Chemicals Transportation Equipment Business, Professional & Technical Services $8.9b Travel Thailand 7% 5% $5.46 $7.95 6% 8% Royalties & License 4% Fees $4.36 $13.2b 13% 49 Other Services $3.5b Computers & 21% Financial Services $2.4b Malaysia 19% Electronic Telecommunications. Products Computer & $18.8b Information Services $1.65 Singapore: A commitment to innovation and the capital to fund it With a workforce of just 3.6 million people, Singapore\'s capacity to make meaningful contributions to materials science research could easily be constrained by the limits on its human capital. But the country has financial resources on its side: it ranks 41st in the world in GDP, just behind Switzerland and well ahead of such affluent economies as Hong Kong, Norway, and New Zealand. Equally important, says Venkatesan, it has the will to Thailand 68.20 million $1,161 billion Malaysia 30.95 million $863 billion Indonesia 258.31 million $3,033 billion Other Goods $20.7b Soc Extacy Tradera.) Services dita nettle for Cambda Laos and Myanmar FAST-WEET CENTER YUSOF ISHAK US-ASEAN ISERS STITUTE Figure 2. Composition of the $100 billion of U.S. goods and services exports to ASEAN countries in 2015. For more information, download the entire report at www.bit.ly/2j07j09. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Credit: ASEAN Matters Singapore 5.78 million $488 billion Indonesia Population Gross domestic product Figure 3. 2016 population and gross domestic product figures for ASEAN countries Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. 29 Credit: April Gocha Credit: ASEAN Matters Markets of magnitude Figure 4. Researchers led by T. Venky Venkatesan (first row, center), director of NUSNNI, have uncovered extraordinary properties of the semiconductor material strontium niobate. compete for talent and pursue innovation. He was given a simple mandate when he was recruited to direct the Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative: to use his expertise to determine the program\'s priorities and direction. Based on his interest in (and confidence in the commercial potential of) oxide electronics, his first goal was to \"launce a major program in next-generation electronics\" (Figure 4). With encouragement from the univerMARKET SNAPSHOTS Singapore: Ports powerhouse At the hub of a vast commerce network, this former British colony is independently international By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht Singapore was founded as a British colony in 1819 and has been independent for just 52 years. As its bicentennial approaches, the country is firmly established as a prosperous player in the global economy. Its port had handled 16 million TEUS year to date as of June 2017, a 6.5% increase over the 2015 half-year period. The world\'s largest transshipment hub, it is connected to 600 ports. That is impressive trade performance for a country whose population was just 30 gapore Nanoscience sity president, he submitted a $220 million funding proposal and got commitments from leading players in the field worldwide who agreed to sign on to the project if the proposal was approved. \"Plan B was that in case it didn\'t work out, the university would pitch in roughly one-fifth of that money or one-fourth of that money, and I would try to build something on a slightly less grandiose scale,\" he says. He wound up having to execute that Plan B, “so I created this Institute here with slightly less ambitious goals, but still we are working on every issue: health, energy, and electronics, photonics, plasmonics, magnetics, you name it.\" From concept to commercialization The result has been a series of start-up companies launched in Singapore and abroad. A foreign exchange student from Poland developed an idea that addressed a challenge in microscopes: viewing and 5,781,718 as of July 2016 and whose labor force is just 3.661 million. But with a population that includes people who are ethnically Chinese (74.3%), Malay (13.4%), and Indian or Sri Lankan (9.1%), Singapore comes by its global outlook naturally. Its four official languages Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil, spoken respectively by 36.3%, 29.8%, 11.9%, and 3.2% of the population—are complemented by other Chinese and Indian languages and dialects spoken by as much as 8% of the country. In that environment, trading across borders can feel much like trading across town, and that has given this small country a big competitive advantage. Services account for 83.5% of the workforce, followed by industry (15.5%) and agriculture (0.96%). The unemployment rate for 2016 was 2.1%, up from 1.9% in 2015. Singapore\'s purchasing power parity gross domestic product (GDP) rose to $487.9 billion in 2016-that is $87,100 per capita-from $478.3 billion in 2015. For the year, its gross national saving was 46% of GDP. Services and industry generate 73.4% and 26.6%, respectively, of GDP; agriculture makes no statistically significant contribution. Leading industries include electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, capturing images of the same sample under different instruments (such as optical and electron microscopes). The student developed a technique that was dubbed the universal stage and launched a company in Poland to market that solution. Another student “has developed an organic memory which I am absolutely convinced is going to be commercialized one day.\" Venkatesan\'s team is in the process of launching three companies, including one focused on \"how cells interact with ceramic surfaces.\" Intrigued by the problem of human cells that will grow only on zirconium oxide, the team investigated using coatings \"to either enhance cell growth or prevent cell growth in the body\" and made enough progress to proceed with a commercial venture. \"In any science, you\'ve got to be able to produce numbers. If you can\'t produce numbers, it\'s very difficult to optimize processes,\" he says. “So how do you make biology more quantitative? That\'s one of the areas that I felt we can really make a contribution.\" The organization is free to commercialize its processes and products ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, and entrepot trade. Singapore enjoys a healthy trade surplus. In 2016, export and import volume were $353.3 billion and $271.3 billion, respectively. Exports were down from $377.1 billion the previous year, but imports also fell from $294.5 billion. The country\'s leading commodity exports machinery and equipment (including electronics and telecommunications), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, refined petroleum products, foodstuffs and beverages. Commodity imports are led by machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods. China is Singapore\'s top trading partner but accounts for only 13.7% of exports and 14.2% of imports. Its diversified foreign commerce base also includes Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, the U.S., Japan, and South Korea for exports and the U.S., Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, and Indonesia for imports. For further details and export support, see the Export.gov Singapore resources, the Singapore page of the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the Singapore Business Federation and Singapore Manufacturing Federation web resources, and the American Chamber of Commerce in Singapore and U.S. Chamber of Commerce Singapore websites. Source: CIA World Fact Book www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 anywhere in the world, which is essential to progress given the country\'s small population. But a growing number of students from abroad are expressing interest in the and Venkatesan sees increased quality—and by extension, increased competitiveness—in the candidates he is attracting. program, Profile and partnerships He needs to raise the program\'s profile in markets abroad so he can pursue more partnerships and collaboration. \"Companies in the U.S. don\'t know anything about us, and we don\'t have clear ways of getting in touch with them,\" he says. \"There are big investments going on here. They could very easily leverage these things.\" One example is the recent approval of a $9 million funding request for a five-year project. The proposal was titled Oxide Electronics on Silicon Beyond Moore. The project\'s interdisciplinary approach encompasses physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, materials science, and chemical engineering, and the team includes members from the University of California, Berkeley; Cornell University; Northwestern University; Yale University; and Purdue University. Innovation incubator Another key player in Singapore\'s research sector is known as A*STAR, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, which facilitates collaboration among corporations, academia, and the public sector. It serves as an incubator for both \"mission-oriented research” that \"creates economic growth and jobs for Singapore\" and for cultivating talent; students go on to work at its research institutes, elsewhere in the research community, and in industry. A Biomedical Research Council and Science and Engineering Research Council fall under its umbrella, and its Exploit Technologies Pte. Ltd. (ETPL) arm is charged with commercializing the organization\'s research. The Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), which is organized under the Science and Engineering Research Council, includes the departments of Ceramic Materials, MARKET SNAPSHOTS Malaysia: Economic escalator By capitalizing on pro-business policies, this country has become formidable in foreign trade By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht The territory that is contemporary Malaysia was organized during the 18th and 19th centuries into colonies and protectorates that were governed by Great Britain until 1942. From then until 1945, they were occupied by Japan, and in 1948, they became part of the Federation of Malaya, which gained independence in 1957. Malaysia was established as an independent nation in 1963. Following a period of political instability during its early independence, the country has since 1981 pursued pro-business policies and shifted its economy from overreliance on raw materials exports to development of the manufacturing, services, and tourism sectors. This focus has elevated it to the status of an upper-middleincome economy. Today, Malaysia is a country of 30,949,962 people, of whom 50.1% are Malay, 22.6% are Chinese, 11.8% are indigenous, and 6.7% are Indian. In addition, noncitizens comprise 8.2% of the population. There is similar diversity in the languages spoken here: although Bahasa Malaysia is used officially, other widely spoken languages include English, various Chinese languages and dialects, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai, and several indigenous languages in East Malaysia. Metallic Materials, Molecular Materials, Polymeric Materials, and Materials Processing & Characterisation. Among IMRE\'s areas of focus in research and development are sensing and transduction, infrared absorption and reflection, ultrawetting, energy upconversion, biological imaging and chromogenics. IMRE has been awarded patents for a variety of devices created using ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials developed in its labs. These include \"piezoelectric acceleration sensing elements batch-fabricated on a silicon wafer; a batteryless remote controller prototype powered with lead-free piezoelectric transducers; 6 piezoelectric senAmerican Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org The workforce numbers 14.77 million people, with 53% engaged in services, 36% in industry, and 11% in agriculture. The unemployment rate for 2016 was 3.3%, nearly flat with 3.2% in 2015. In 2016, Malaysia\'s purchasing power parity GDP was $863 billion―$27,200 per capita—up from $828.2 billion in 2015. Its gross national saving was 27.4% of GDP in 2016, a drop from 28.1% in 2015 and 29.4% in 2014. Services account for 54% of GDP, followed by industry (37.8%) and agriculture (8.2%). Leading industries include rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing logging, and agriculture processing. Exports in Malaysia totaled $167.3 billion in 2016, down from $175.7 billion in 2015. For the same period, imports fell to $139.5 billion from $147.7 billion, leaving the country\'s trade surplus roughly equal in both years. Top exports include semiconductors and electronic equipment, palm oil, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and solar panels. Import commodities are led by electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, and chemicals. Singapore and China are Malaysia\'s biggest trading partners for imports and exports, followed by Japan, the U.S., Thailand, Hong Kong, and India for exports and, on the import side, the U.S., Japan, Thailand, South Korea, and Indonesia. For further details and export support, see the Export.gov Malaysia Country Commercial Guide, Doing Business in Malaysia report, and overview of Malaysia Trade Barriers, Regulations, and Standards. The Malaysian International Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Malaysia US Chamber of Commerce, and American Malaysian Chamber of Commerce offer additional resources that may be useful as you explore opportunities for trade or partnerships in Malaysia. Source: CIA World Fact Book sors in-situ processed on a machine part for real-time vibration monitoring; and a UV sensor (with dosimeter function) made of a ferroelectric thin film.\" Within the commercial sector, nanotechnology is once again the focus at Ceramic Pro, which develops, manufactures, and markets advanced nanoceramic protective coatings for the aerospace, automotive, marine, and heavy industry sectors as well as residential use. Products include permanent and 24-month paint coatings as well as coatings designed to protect glass, textiles, leather, and plastic. In addition, the company provides maintenance coating and air purification solutions. 31 Markets of magnitude Strategies and symposia Singapore\'s Materials Research Society, an affiliate of the International Union of Materials Research Societies, was founded in 1999. Its mission is to promote materials science and publicize \"the niche capabilities of local researchers\" throughout Asia and elsewhere abroad. Its chief activi ty is organizing national and international conference series that are held biannually in alternating years. The most recent national event was held in December 2016 and encompassed 7th MRS-S Conference on Advanced Materials and the 7th Trilateral Conference on Nanoscience: Energy, Water & Healthcare. In June, it hosted ICMAT 2017: 9th International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies. The six-day event\'s 29 symposia covered topics related to materials science, technology, and engineering. Notable titles included: III-V Semiconductor Integration with Silicon and Other Substrates; MARKET SNAPSHOTS Thailand: Export empire A rising trade surplus provides the motor for this country\'s continued economic growth and position in the global economy By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht The Thai kingdom dates to the mid-14th century, and this is the only Southeast Asian country never to have experienced European colonization. A constitutional monarchy was established in 1932, and that structure remains in place. However, the country has experienced a period of political instability, with military coups staged in 2006 and 2014. The interim military government drafted a new constitution that passed a national referendum in August 2016 and was signed into law by the king in April 2017. Elections are expected to be held in 2018. Meanwhile, in terms of the business climate, Thailand\'s free-enterprise and pro-investment policies remain priorities because international trade drives the country\'s economy: exports Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy and Environmental Applications; Advanced Materials for Thermoelectrics; Advanced Ceramics and Nanohybrids for Energy, Environment and Health; Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Composites for EMI Shielding/ Absorption and Related Devices Applications; Micro-Nano-Optics and Photonics; and Optically Resonant Nanostructures. A full list of symposia, including links to descriptions and abstracts, can be found at http:// icmat2017.mrs.org.sg/symp-list. A concurrent expo featured materials science and engineering exhibitors from throughout the world. This is a major conference in the region that normally attracts thousands of researchers from more than 40 countries. Malaysia: Connecting nanotechnology to economic growth Nanotechnology is also a dominant theme in Malaysia\'s ceramic sector, and generate approximately two-thirds of GDP. Thailand has a population of 68,200,824. Ethnically, 97.5% of the people are Thai, although the Thai language is spoken by a smaller number, 90.7%. The CIA World Factbook notes that \"English is a secondary language of the elite.\" There are 38.45 million people in the workforce, and the unemployment rate stood at 0.9% in both 2016 and 2015.There is a significant discrepancy, however, between levels of labor activity by sector and contributions to GDP by sector. While 51.5% of people work in services, which generate 55.3% of GDP, 16.7% work in industry, which generates 35.9% of GDP. The shortfall occurs in the agriculture sector, which employs 31.8% of people but generates just 8.9% of GDP. The country is the world\'s second-largest producer of tungsten and third-largest producer of tin. Its leading industries include tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemicals, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemicals, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, rubber, sugar, rice, fishing, and cassava. Thailand\'s 2016 purchasing power parity GDP was $1.161 trillion, or $16,800 per capita. That is an increase from 1.125 trillion in 2015. Its gross the NanoMalaysia Program, launched in 2010, has afforded increased structure and organization within nanotechnology research and development. The following year, the Ministry of Science, Technology, & Innovation made RM 10 million available for a new National Nanotechnology Directorate (NND) Nano Fund. (The country\'s currency is the Malaysian ringgit; in June 2011, RM 10 million was equivalent to $3.3 million.) Awards were given to support a total of 20 three-year projects, such as: Nano Diagnostic Chips for Single Bio-Molecule Label Free Detection; Development of Lab-on-Chip for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Isolation and Rapid Detection of Tropical Diseases from Blood; Creating Silicon Nanostructure Platforms Integrated with Nano-biosensors for the Rapid Determination of Biohazards to Ensure Food Safety; Functionalized Nanosilicabased Chemosensor Materials; and Systemic Delivery of sIRNA-based national saving was 34.1% of GDP in 2016, up from 32% in 2015. Exports in Thailand totaled $215.3 billion in 2016, up from $214.4 billion in 2015. For the same period, imports fell to $194.7 billion from $202.7 billion, creating a net increase in the country\'s trade surplus. Thailand is the world\'s 22nd largest exporter. Leading exports include automobiles and parts, computers and parts, jewelry and precious stones, polymers of ethylene in primary forms, refined fuels, electronic integrated circuits, chemical products, rice, fish products, rubber products, sugar, cassava, poultry, machinery and parts, and iron and steel and their products. Imports are led by machinery and parts, crude oil, electrical machinery and parts, chemicals, iron and steel products, electronic integrated circuits, automobile parts, jewelry (including silver bars and gold), computers and parts, electrical household appliances, soybeans, soybean meal, wheat, cotton, and dairy products. The U.S. and China are virtually tied as Thailand\'s biggest markets for exported commodities, followed by Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Australia, Vietnam, and Singapore. Its top trading partner for imported commodities is China, followed by Japan, the U.S., Malaysia, and United Arab Emirates. For further information and resources, see the Export.gov Thailand resources as well as the websites of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Thailand and the American Chamber of Commerce in Thailand. ■ Source: CIA World Fact Book 32 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 Therapeutics Using Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes. Also in 2011, NanoMalaysia Berhad was incorporated as a company limited by guarantee (CLG) under the Ministry of Science, Technology, & Innovation. It is charged with responsibility for commercializing and industrializing nanotechnology and with facilitating investments in and development of human capital for nanotechnology projects. Professor Datuk Dr. Halimaton Bt Hj Hamdan was founding director of the National Nanotechnology Directorate and a founding member of the Asia Nano Forum (established in 2008). She notes that these projects were carried out successfully and led to the publication of papers, grants of patents, and in some cases, pilot plant activities. Under her direction in 2012, the NND designated five National Nano Research Centers and provided them with annual research and development funding. \"These centers are mostly located in the public universities, managed and operated by local researchers in specific areas of interest using facilities supported by the universities,\" she says. A global nanotechnology consortium In 2015, the Malaysia Institute for Innovative Nanotechnology (NanoMITE), a consortium of five programs, each led by a research university, was established as a global research consortium on nanotechnology. Five-year research terms are funded by the universities and the Ministry of Higher Education; the 18 current projects are being conducted in collaboration with such universities as Harvard, MIT, and Cambridge. The commitment to cross-border collaboration is such that the University of Nottingham maintains a Malaysian campus that houses a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials. \"The Malaysian government has given emphasis and priority to nanotechnology as one of the emerging technologies under the technology foresight and New Economic Model,\" Hamdan says. \"A number of initiatives such as NanoMITe research consortium and top-down research Nano Fund encourage collaborative participation of government agencies, universities, research institutes, Asia Pacific Ceramic Cooperation Summit in Bangkok. ACerS participants included 2016 president-elect Bill Lee (front center, pink shirt) and president Mritunjay Singh (right of Lee). Executive director Charlie Spahr is behind Lee and Singh. ACers leaders strengthen ceramic ties during summit in Singapore and Bangkok In early 2016, ACerS then-president Mrityunjay Singh, current president Bill Lee, and executive director Charlie Spahr traveled to Southeast Asia to participate in a two-day, two-location event organized as the Asia Pacific Ceramic Cooperation Summit (APCCS), Febuary 29-March 3, 2016. The summit was structured as two symposia, located in Singapore and Bangkok, which gave invited researchers the opportunity to present updates on their work as well as an opportunity to network in their broad geographic regions. \"This was an important visit for The American Ceramic Society. Our visit began the process of laying a foundation for stronger relationships amongst our colleagues and helped us better understand the research and industry climate in this area of the Pacific region,\" Spahr says. The meeting in Bangkok, hosted by the Thai Ceramic Society, attracted over 60 participants. Universities represented at the summit included Chulalongkorn University, which hosted the summit, Thammasat University, Kasetsart University, and companies in order to give a sustainable impact to the economy.\" Looking ahead In the next five to ten years, she anticipates that the number of researchers with nanotechnology expertise will rise and drive a higher rate of research activity. Realizing this vision will require local industries\' commitment to and investment in commercialization, but she is confident that their transition to nanotechnology will improve both their product quality and their long-term business prospects. She also hopes to secure increased investment in her own patented product, Maerogel, a silica aerogel derived from discarded rice husks. \"A number of the products have been tested by the industry, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Suranaree University of Technology, and Silpakorn University. Additional organizations in attendance were the National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thai Institute of Science and Technological Research, Department of Science Service, and the summit\'s host, the Thai Ceramic Society. In Singapore, one of the world\'s outstanding universities, the National University of Singapore, hosted ACerS and the APCCS. Other organizations and companies represented included Singapore Technologies Kinetics Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Dawnyx Technologies Pte. Ltd., University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, University of Malaya, Taylor\'s University, Advanced Materials Technology Centre, and University of Tenaga Nasional. Credit: NUS \"All in all, it was a very productive trip and provided insight into the current priorities of ceramics professionals in the region,\" Spahr says. \"We appreciate the efforts of our hosts Palani Balaya at NUS and Somnuk Sirisoonthorn, president of TCS, to make the summit a successful event, and we thank our hosts in Singapore and Bangkok for their extraordinary hospitality and warm welcome!\" and there has been encouraging demand for them,\" she says. \"Unfortunately, my production capacity is limited since I have yet to find the right investor. There are a couple of commercial arrangements being coordinated by NanoMalaysia which involve foreign companies.\" Another key player in these developments is the Malaysia Nanotechnology Association, an NGO that organizes forums and other events to promote public awareness. It networks with nanotechnology associations beyond Malaysia\'s borders and serves as the official organizer of the annual NanoMITe Symposium. \"The annual symposium is a public gathering of nanoscientists and players to present their latest research findings and activities,\" Hamdan says. \"The papers 33 Markets of magnitude presented will be reviewed and published for the masses. It also provides a platform for researchers to pitch to industries for funding and commercialization opportunities.\" The 2017 symposium will be held September 20 and is planned as a regional rather than national event, which opens the door to participation by research partners in other countries. The refractory sector Of course, nanotechnology is not the entire ceramic story in Malaysia. The country is also home to extensive activity in the refractories space. MARKET SNAPSHOTS Indonesia: Advancing archipelago Southeast Asia\'s biggest economy pursues growth in a sometimes challenging regulatory environment By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht It is hard to grasp how large Indonesia is. Seen on a map, the scattered islands do not at first glance look that impressively sized. The first hint that there is more here than meets the eye is that the archipelago sprawls from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. When you account for the stretches of water and the land masses combined, Indonesia occupies 735,358 square miles-an area nearly three times that of Texas. Living within that area are 258,316,051 people; the highest concentration is on the island of Java, one of the world\'s most densely populated places. The population includes more than 15 ethnic groups, and more than 700 languages are in use in the country. Although it is Southeast Asia\'s largest economy, \"Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its region,\" the CIA World Factbook notes. In addition, foreign direct investment opportunities are constrained by a high level of protectionism. Government priorities include pursuing maritime resource and infrastructure development and increasing the country\'s electrical power generation capacity. 34 Refracon Sdn. Bhd., founded in 1985, offers a portfolio that includes ceramic fiber products, calcium silicate, refractory firebricks and cast shapes, rockwool, insulating firebricks, buller rings, refractory castables, and insulation cloth, tape, and ropes. The company focuses on design, implementation, and installation in harsh industrial environments. Associated Refractories Manufacturer Sdn. Bhd., established in 1991, markets itself as \"Malaysia\'s first all-castable refractory manufacturer.\" The company used European technology in its monolithic refractory products, which include The workforce numbers 125 million people, and unemployment dropped to 5.6% in 2016 from 6.2% in 2015. There is an imbalance in Indonesia between the percentage of the workforce engaged in each sector and that sector\'s contribution to the economy. Services employ 47% of people and generate 46% of GDP. But industry employs 21% of people and generates 40.3% of GDP, while agriculture employs 32% of people and generates 13.7% of GDP. Leading industries include petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism. In 2016, Indonesia\'s purchasing power parity GDP was $3.033 trillion-$11,700 per capita―up from $2.888 trillion in 2015. Its gross national saving was 32.4% of GDP in 2016, nearly flat with 32.5% in 2015. Indonesian exports totaled $144.4 billion in 2016, down from $148.4 billion in 2015. For the same period, imports fell to $129.1 billion from $135.1 billion, with the net effect that the leaving the country\'s trade surplus is unchanged. Top commodity exports include mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (including palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery, and mechanical appliance parts. Import commodities are led by mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, and foodstuffs. Japan, the U.S., and China are nearly tied as the three biggest export partners, followed by Singapore, India, South Korea, and Malaysia. China is the largest import partner; it accounts for 20.8% of volume, while Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, and the U.S. account for 44.8% cumulatively. For further details and export support, see the Export.gov Indonesia resources along with the websites of the American Indonesian Chamber of Commerce, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Indonesia, and the American Chamber of Commerce in Indonesia. Source: CIA World Fact Book HY-CAST for castables, HY-RAM for plastic moldables, and HY-SET for mortar. It works in partnership with Yap Construction Group Sdn. Bhd. to provide \"complete refractory services, including manufacturing, R&D and engineering, project management, application consultation, and installation of various types of refractory materials for a wide spectrum of industries.” Yap Construction Group works in these areas both within Malaysia and internationally and has exported to companies in the steel, cement, ceramic, lime, incinerator, brick, nonferrous, oil and gas, and power industries in the Middle East, North America, and South America as well as the Southeast Asia region. With 20,000 MT annual production, ECORP is one of the sector\'s largest producers in Malaysia. Established in 2001, it serves the monolithic refractory design, engineering, installation, and supply needs of customers in the oil and gas, steel, aluminum, cement, industrial boiler, incinerator, foundry, and palm oil industries. It is ISO 9001:2007 certified. Thailand: A focus on economic growth and environmental responsibility In Thailand, the epicenter of nanotechnology development is the National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC). Established in 2003, it is both a national research and development center and a funding agency that supports projects that are \"of national importance\" and promote \"the betterment of life as a result of economic improvement” in industry and agriculture. With that mandate in mind, it has launched five flagship programs: future energy, functional textile, smart health, food innovation, and clean environment. To advance its work toward those goals, it has adopted three core technologies: nanomaterials by design and synthesis; nanoscale characterization by metrology, safety, and standards; and nanosystems by engineering and advanced manufacturing. The agency also maintains a strong focus on nano safety issues, which it addresses in news announcements that can be found at http://www2.nanotec.or.th/en/?cat=3. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 Its analytical capabilities and equipment include atomic force microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscope, scanning tunneling microscope, MTT assay, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and freeze dryer. NANOTEC operates under the auspices of the National Science and Technology Development Agency and the Ministry of Science and Technology. It comprises 14 labs; for details on each and areas of focus, see the links at http://www2.nanotec. or.th/en/?page_id=1899. Learning and leverage The National Metal and Materials Technology Center, an affiliate of the National Science and Technology Development Agency, supports metal and material technology research and development. Its mission is to develop capabilities in the public and private sectors. Among its departments is the Ceramic Technology Institute Program, whose project leader, Somnuk Sirisoonthorn, is president of the Thai Ceramic Society, which organized the International Conference on Traditional and Advanced Ceramics held August 31-September 2 in Bangkok. The conference was held concurrent with ASEAN Ceramics 2017, the latest in the series of biennial events, and saw a rise in the number of buyer delegations attending this year due to increased international participation. \"The changing climate in Europe has also helped drive investment and competition in the region with companies looking to new markets for expansion,\" Sirisoonthorn said in a conference announcement. “Exchange rate advantages, high quality production, and lower domestic demand has created positive incentives for businesses penetrating Asia, and this too has been reflected in recent trends.\" Refractory review As in Malaysia, refractories have a high profile in Thailand. Bangkok Seng Thai Limited Partnership (BST) began with a narrow focus: runner brick production for the iron and steel industries. But since its founding in 1975, its areas of expertise have expanded to include fire clay, high alumina, insulation bricks, and, more recently, heat resistant products such as plastic refractories, tundish coating, precast shapes, gunning mixes, ramming mixes, mortars, and castables. Its practices are certified by the Thai Industrial Standard Institute and ASTM, and it is ISO 9001:2000 certified. Almat Thai International specializes in high temperature insulation products and heat management solutions. Included in its portfolio are: glass fiber mesh for aluminum filtration, aluminum casting mesh, flux for aluminum alloy, high temperature-resistant gaskets, silicon nitride protection tubes, and high temperature coating powders. Prominent within the cement sphere is SGC, which was founded by royal decree in 1913 as the Siam Cement Group. Its three core businesses are SCG Cement-Building Materials, SCG Chemicals, and SCG Packaging. In keeping with its international operations and its “vision to be a regional market leader in sustainable innovations in ASEAN,\" the company announced on July 20 the launch of the Open Innovation Center by SCG. The project is intended to promote worldwide public-private-academic collaboration in research and development innovation. More recent news further underscores SCG\'s commitment to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. The company announced on August 7 a joint launch with the Thailand Post Company Limited of \"Love the Earth, love stamp.\" The project involves recycling more than 800 postcards into 200 bookshelves for distribution to schools in the Bangkok area. Indonesia: Capitalizing on initiatives to promote innovation Many countries attempt innovative approaches to fostering public-private partnership and collaboration between academia and industry. An Indonesian initiative put a fresh spin on these goals when the government merged the Directorate General of Higher Education (which had been a division of the Ministry of Education and Culture) with the Ministry of Research and Technology to create the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education. Hot spot for the ceramics industry ceramitec 2018 Technologies - Innovations - Materials April 10-13 · Messe München ceramitec.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 35 35 36 36 Markets of magnitude The merged organization has oversight of the Nuclear Energy Agency, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Agency for the Assessment & Application of Technology, National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, and the Indonesian Institute of Science. Its primary objective is to increase the percentage of the workforce that is skilled and has completed higher education. In that context, it seeks to enhance the quality of universities and R&D institutes so that research and development projects achieve higher productivity, and the country is better equipped to innovate and compete in the global marketplace. A new nanotechnology player Not surprisingly, one area that Indonesia has identified as a target for increased activity is nanotechnology. The Institut Teknologi Bandung established the Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology both to respond to complex challenges and \"to reaffirm a strong commitment” to \"research, development, and application of frontier science and technology for the betterment of Indonesia.\" It compris es four research laboratories dedicated to nanomaterial, nanomedicine, nanobiotechnology, and nanodevices. \"Supported by state-of-the-art equipment, such as High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Focus Ion Beam (FIB), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), our activities may cover wide spectrum areas of science and engineering disciplines,\" the website notes. \"For the next five years, RCNN activities are directed toward achieving national center of excellence status and as such key performance indicators are streamlined to the guidelines given by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education.\" Within the refractory space, PT Indoporlen has a four-decade record of supplying high-grade refractory systems Southeast Asia ceramic directory SINGAPORE Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) www.a-star.edu.sg/ 1 Fusionopolis Way, #20-10 Connexis North Tower Singapore 138632 Phone: 65.6826.6111 Contact: contact@a-star.edu.sg A*STAR Institutes: •Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology http://www.ibn.a-star.edu.sg/ • Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences http://www.ices.a-star.edu.sg •Institute of High Performance Computing http://www.ihpc.a-star.edu.sg ⚫Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology http://www.SIMTech.a-star.edu.sg Agency for Science, Technology and Research Institutes ETPL (Exploit Technologies Pte Ltd) www.etpl.sg ETPL technologies for license: https://www.etpl.sg/ innovation-offerings/technologies-for-license Contact: tech-offer@etpl.sg Ceramic Pro www.ceramicpro.com.sg 9, Yishun Industrial St 1 #01-69, North Spring Bizhub Singapore 768163 Phone: 65.6710.7793 Contact: info@ceramicpro.com.sg Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) www.a-star.edu.sg/imre 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Phone: 65.6501.800 Contacts: www.a-star.edu.sg/imre/Contact-Us.aspx Materials Research Society http://mrs.org.sg/society/home.asp BLK N4.1 Level 1 Room N4.1-01-27 50 Nanyang Ave Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Phone: 65.6316.8919 Contact: jaela@mrs.org.sg National University of Singapore http://nus.edu.sg 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd Singapore 119077 Phone: 65.6516.6666 enquiry@nus.edu.sg National University of Singapore Advanced Ceramic Laboratory www.dmse.nus.edu.sg/ACL Contacts: msehead@nus.edu.sg; msewangj@nus.edu.sg National University of Singapore Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI) www.nusnni.nus.edu.sg BIK E3-05-29, 2 Engineering Dr 3 Singapore 117581 Contact: venky@nus.edu.sg Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) www.a-star.edu.sg/About-A-STAR/Science-andEngineering-Research-Council/Overview.aspx 1 Fusionopolis Way, #20-10 Connexis North Tower Singapore 138632 Phone: 65.6826.6111 Contact: contact@a-star.edu.sg MALAYSIA Associated Refractories Manufacturer Sdn Bhd (ARM) www.arm.com.my Lot PT 521 (LOT 3421) Batu 23, Jalan Batang Berjuntai 48000 Rawang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Phone: 603.6091.2734/6092.5276/6092.7409 Contact: sales@arm.com.my ECORP http://ecoref.com.my Lot 1167, Jalan Sungai Choh Kampung Sungai Choh 48000 Rawang Selangor, Malaysia Phone: 603.6091.2491/95 Contact: admin@ecoref.com.my Malaysia Nanotechnology Association (Persatuan Nanoteknologi Malaysia) www.mynano.my A-2-2, Level 2, Hampshire Place Office 157 Hampshire Place No 1 Jalan Mayang Sari 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone: 603.2166.8849 Contact: info@mynano.my NanoMalaysia Berhad www.nanomalaysia.com.my A-2-2 & A-2-3, Level 2 157 Hampshire Place Office No 1 Jalan Mayang Sari 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone: 603.2166.8849 Contact: www.nanomalaysia.com.my/?p=contact&c=index Refracon Sdn. Bhd. www.refracon.com.my Lot PT35, Lorong 1B, Kampung Baru Subang Seksyen U6, Shah Alam 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: 603.7846.3857/4139/5179/5448/5619/5771 Contact: refraconsb@gmail.com University of Nottingham Malaysia Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials www.nottingham.edu.my/Research/Priorities/MRPG/ NanotechnologyAdvanced Materials/Nanotechnology Advanced Materials.aspx Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Phone: 603.8924.8034 Contact: ResearchSupportOffice@nottingham.edu.my www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 and innovative installation technologies for customers in such industries as cement, steel, non-ferrous metal, ceramic, oil and gas, petrochemicals, fertilizers, coke ovens, power plants, incinerators, and boilers. Its focus is on delivering \"better and more durable solutions\" for high-temperature processing industries. In 2013, the company and Calderys entered into a joint venture for operations in Indonesia. ASEAN collaborations: navigating cultures, pursuing profitability What is the bottom line for U.S. academics, researchers, and businesses that want to connect with this rapidly emerging market? Opportunities abound, but it is important to remember that cultural differences can present challenges as well. Although these and other countries in the region are warming to the benefits of information sharing and joint projects, the culture is still more conservative and more reluctant to embrace the level of openness-for example, in discussing research that has not yet been published-with collaboration partners who could also be competitors, Venkatesan says. But he adds that as the scope of scientific and economic opportunity becomes clear, the region is adopting a more open posture with regard to strategic partnerships with Asian, European, or North American research and product development entities. \"It is happening more and more. Compare today with ten years ago, and the difference is quite striking,\" he says. \"Governments are also realizing that the way they are going to make real impact is not by funding one individual a ton of money, but through creating really wellbalanced interdisciplinary teams which are also leveraged in international collaborations.\" And that creates an environment with the potential to promote innovation that profits everyone. Veetech Refractories Manufacturer Sdn Bhd www.veetech.com.my No 190, Lot 19076, Jalan Industrial 3/7 Rawang Integrated Park 48000, Rawang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Phone: 603.6093.1455/1457/1471 Contact: info@veetech.com.my YCC Refractories www.ycc.com.my/home.html Unit 525, Blk. A, Kelana Centre Point Jalan SS 7/19, 47301 Kelana Jaya Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: 603.7880.5109 Contact: sales@ycc.com.my THAILAND Almat Thai International www.almatthai.com 888/9 Moo 9, Bang-Plee-Tum-Hru Rd Bang-Pree-Yai Tumbon, Bang-Plee District Samutprakarn Province, 10540, Thailand Phone: 66.2.174.7214.16 Contact: sale@almatthai.com Bangkok Seng Thai Limited Partnership (BST) www.bst-refractories.com Om Noi, Krathum Baen District Samut Sakhon 74130, Thailand Phone: 66.2.420.1231 Mahidol University Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology http://science.mahidol.ac.th/research/nano.php Chalermprakiat Building, Floor 4 Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Rama 6 Rd, Bangkok 10400 Thailand Phone: 66.2201.5842 Contacts: http://science.mahidol.ac.th/facstaff.php National Metal and Materials Technology Center www.mtec.or.th/en 114 Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Rd Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand Phone: 66.2564.6500 Contact: info@mtec.or.th NANOTEC (National Nanotechnology Center) www2.nanotec.or.th/en National Science and Technology Development Agency 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd Klong Nueng, Klong Luang Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand Phone: 66.2564.7100 Contact: pr@nanotec.or.th Patra Refractory Company Ltd. www.patrarefractory.com 55 Moo 3 Kokeyae, Nongkhae Saraburi 18230 Thailand Phone: 66.36.387188/387189 Mobile: 66.81.9942274 Contact: Mr. Phadet Darote, Deputy Managing Director phadet_d@patrarefractory.com SGS (Thailand) Ltd. http://www.sgs.co.th/ 100 Nanglinchee Rd Chongnonsee, Yannawa Bangkok, 10120 Thailand Phone: 66.2.678.1813 The Siam Refractory Industry Co. Ltd. www.siamrefractory.com/en/Main 1 Siam Cement Rd Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 Thailand Phone: 66.2.586.3246.52 Contact: https://www.siamrefractory.com/en/contact SPN Engineering and Consultant Co. Ltd. https://www.thaiceramicmachines.com/ Level 29, The Office at Centralworld 999/9 Rama1 Rd Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Phone: 66.2.207.2361 Mobile: 66.81.488.8882 Contact: sornnarong@thaiceramicmachines.com Thai Ceramic Society www.thaiceramicsociety.com Phone: 66.9.6879.6153 Contact: kachins1@yahoo.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org INDONESIA Institut Teknologi Bandung Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology http://nrcn.itb.ac.id Center for Advanced Science Building (CAS), Lt. 1 Jl. Ganesa No.10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia Contact: nrcn@cphys.fi.itb.ac.id Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia http://international.ristekdikti.go.id D Building, Jenderal Sudirman Pintu Satu St Senayan, South Jakarta 10270 Indonesia Contact: layananinformasi@ristekdikti.go.id PT Indoporlen http://calderys-indoporlen.com/en/ Jl. Raya Bekasi Km 38-39 Tambun Selatan Bekasi 17510 Indonesia Phone: 62.21.880.7121 Contact: indonesia@calderys.com PT. Benteng Api Technic (BAT Refractories) www.bentengapi.com/ Jl. Kebraon II No. 103 A Surabaya 60222 East Java, Indonesia Phone: 62.31.7672269 Contact: benteng@indo.net.id, info@bentengapi.com PT. Loka Refractories www.lokarefractories.com JI. Mastrip No. 24, Karang Pilang Surabaya 60221 Indonesia Phone: 62.31.766.3307 Contact: info@lokarefractories.com 37 32 Credit: Saint-Gobain Silicon carbide for the modern warfighter By Melanie Kuhn, Diana Tierney, and Matt Simmers Figure 1. Sintered SiC Hexoloy® body and vehicle armor tiles by Saint-Gobain. Silicon carbide offers strength and versatility as an armor material to protect personnel and infrastructure assets. Vickers hardness (HV) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Lead antimony core plate, 500 HB Steel armor Standard AP AP tungsten carbide core ammunition [3] NATO ball, 7.62 mm [2] Hexoloy® sintered [6] steel core ammunition ammunition, silicon carbide 7.62 mm [5] [4] Figure 2. Hardness of various types of ammunition and armor materials. 2-6 Note that Vickers hardness of the lead antimony core 7.62 mm NATO ball is only 10 HV. W Credit: Saint-Gobain e have all seen body armor in the movies: a gunfight erupts, bullets fly, and one of the protagonists is knocked over backwards. She has been hit! Is she mortally wounded? No-predictably, she regains consciousness and opens her jacket to reveal an intact bulletproof vest with a shiny bullet perfectly mushroomed from impact. Impressive? Yes. Accurate? Not at all. Bullet-resistant vests, or \"body armor,\" have become standard equipment for law enforcement and military. Maximum protection at minimal weight is the ever-advancing goal for 38 body-shielding gear. High hardness makes ceramic materials like silicon carbide (SiC) an ideal candidate for stopping rifle bullets. In fact, SiC inserts, like those made of Saint-Gobain Hexoloy® sintered SiC (Figure 1), when combined with adapted backing materials and inserted into protective vests, are the most common ceramics in top-performing hard body armor protection systems against high-velocity “armor-piercing” (AP) projectiles. The hardness (Figure 2) and impact resistance characteristics of SiC lend themselves well to the requirements of stopping a bulletand saving a life. Here is what really happens when a bullet strikes ceramic body armor. First, let\'s have a closer look at bullet and body armor structure and interaction. For the most part, a bullet is composed of a case, powder charge, and projectile. Modern armor piercing projectiles have a jacket, which is a sheath of metallic alloy around a generally denser, harder core often made of steel or other very hard (tungsten carbide) or dense materials. When a gun is fired, the powder charge is ignited, introducing energy into the projectile. When the projectile impacts a properly configured body armor system, its kinetic energy is dispersed and spreads across a much greater area than the projectile\'s original cross section. The armor system prevents the projectile from penetrating into the body of the wearer. The kinetic energy in a 7.62 mm AK-47 round is about 2,000 joules, which is equivalent to being hit by fourteen 100 mile-per-hour professional fastballs in a cross sectional area of 0.07 square inches. When a projectile comes in contact with a ceramic armor plate, the projectile\'s jacket is stripped away. The violent impact of a projectile core with the much harder ceramic erodes and deforms the core and shatters the ceramic (Figure 3). The armor system absorbs the energy and all of the projectile and ceramic fragments. The ceramic panel and supportive backing incorporated behind it spread the force across the area of the vest, and then transmit the energy to the wearer at a level that is survivable. Ultimately, the wearer is protected from penetration and deadly blunt force trauma during a ballistic event. Edward Acheson discovered SiC 125 years ago while trying to make synthetic diamonds. Hexoloy®, a special sintered SiC manufactured by Saint-Gobain Ceramics, is one of the hardest materials after diamond, but weighs nearly 2.5 times less than steel (Figure 4)-properties perfect for stopping high-velocity, armor-piercing projectiles as described above. The manufacturing methods for sintered SiC ceramics allow for custom designed shapes, including complex curvatures and www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 5B50 Figure 3. Hexoloy sintered SiC body panel after impact with a projectile. (From left) Front view of impact zone of plate; close-up of impact zone; and backside deformation of plate with projectile remains. Density (g/cm³) Steel armor plate Hexoloy sintered silicon carbide Figure 4. Densities of armor materials. Credit: Saint-Gobain other advanced geometries, to provide specific levels of ballistic protection to sensitive targets. Mastery of green shaping through pressing or casting and machining of fired and unfired components are critical to ensure the level of performance and quality required for protection in a ballistic event. One-piece helmet designs are an example of the exceptional levels of complexity that can be achieved with advanced ceramic processing technologies (Figure 5). Continued development efforts within Saint-Gobain Ceramics are focusing on the next generation of ceramic body armor. New chemistries that produce multiphase microstructures are being developed to increase the level of protection offered and grant the opportunity to reduce the weight Figure 5. Advanced ceramic processing techniques can enable one-piece manufacturing of helmets made from armor materials. Credit: Saint-Gobain required to meet a specific protection level. These advances enable ceramic armor technology to keep pace with new emerging ballistic threats. While military and law enforcement body armor have used ceramic insert panels for some time, new applications, including architectural, structural, vehicle, and civilian security, are taking advantage of this technology more frequently. Specifically for vehicles, the light weight advantages of SiC armor are becoming more important as modern militaries place greater emphasis and value on mobility. These include wheeled, fixed and rotary wing, and waterborne strike and transport platforms. In some situations, a ceramic armor system may be modular to further enhance flexibility of the vehicle platform to be adapted to the situation at hand. Saint-Gobain offers reaction-bonded SiC armor solutions that enable monolithic panel constructions with excellent multihit capabilities—a perfect fit for vehicular installations. Whether civilian, military, or law enforcement, at home or abroad, SiC is the strike face material chosen for its adaptability to the threat level encountered. Manufacturers such as SaintGobain Ceramics continue to invest in this application, and these products continue to save the lives of service men and women of all countries, in all locations, around the world. About the authors Melanie Kuhn is R&D group leader for Saint-Gobain Engineered Ceramics Northboro R&D Center. Diana Tierney is armor development engineer with Saint-Gobain Engineered Ceramics. Matt Simmers is digital marketing manager with Saint-Gobain Engineered Ceramics. For more information about Saint-Gobain American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Hexoloy products (Niagara Falls, N.Y.), visit www.hexoloy.com and www.refractories.saint-gobain.com. Contact scdsales@ saint-gobain.com for more information. The information, recommendations, and opinions set forth herein are offered solely for consideration, inquiry, and verification and are not, in part or total, to be construed as constituting a warranty or representation for which Saint-Gobain assumes legal responsibility. Nothing contained herein is to be interpreted as authorization to practice a patented invention without a license. Hexoloy is a registered trademark of Saint-Gobain Ceramics. References \'A.E. Hartink, The complete encyclopedia of automatic army rifles. Hackberry Press, 2001. 2P.J. Hazell, \"Penetration of a glass-faced transparent elastomeric resin by a lead-antimonycored bullet,\" Int. J. Impact Eng., 36, 147-53 (2008). 3N. Kılıç, et al., \"Ballistic behavior of high hardness perforated armor plates against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectile,\" Materials & Design, 63, 427-38 (2014). 4J. Leeder, \"Armor piercing bullets with sintered carbide cores.\" U.S. Army Aberdeen Research and Development Center, Ballistic Research Laboratories, Report No. 262, 1941. 5D. Ray, et al., \"Effect of room-temperature hardness and toughness on the ballistic performance of SiC-based ceramics,\" Advances in Ceramic Armor: A collection of papers presented at the 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Jan. 23-28, 2005, Cocoa Beach, Fla., Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 26, 131-42, John Wiley & Sons, 2005. J.L. Zinszner, \"Identification des paramètres matériau gouvernant les performances de céramiques à blindage,\" Doctoral dissertation, Université de Lorraine, France, 2014. 39 São Carlos Center of Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials ∞ CERTEV The first four years The he São Carlos Center of Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials (CERTEV) conducts state-of-the art research, develops technology, and supports education and outreach efforts. focused on glass and glass-ceramics. This 11-year, approximately $22 million effort. has funding of about $2 million per year By Karina Lupetti, Ana C.M. Rodrigues, Eduardo B. Ferreira, through 2018, after which the São Paulo Hellmut Eckert, and Edgar D. Zanotto Nearing the midpoint of an 11-year, $22M project, Brazilian glass researchers report on progress developing new glass technology and workforce activities. 40 40 State Research Foundation will evaluate the program before authorizing funding. for the following six years. In a Ceramic Tech Today article from 2013, the Center\'s director, Edgar D. Zanotto, said “We believe this will give us some momentum... We expect the project will catalyze some energy, some new efforts, and perhaps motivate some young people to enter the field. Let\'s talk in three years and see how things are going. At least for Brazil, it will likely have a large impact. As to the international glass science, let\'s see. I hope so!\" Four years have passed since then. With 14 professors at the Federal University of São Carlos, the University of São Paulo, and the São Paulo State University and 60 students and post-docs, CeRTEV remains one of the largest academic units devoted to the subject of glass and glass ceramics on this planet. Its mission aims to include and keep Brazil among the top 12 glass research countries in the world. As part of the joint CeRTEV research agenda, the center\'s 14 faculty work together to develop new glasses, glass-ceramics, composites, and hybrid materials, presenting relevant functionalities—such as high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, biological, optical or catalytic activity, and/or combinations of these properties-guided to differwww.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 ent applications. CeRTEV\'s progress is monitored by an International Advisory Board consisting of 22 international leaders in glass science and industry. CERTEV\'s research program is divided into five core areas, dedicated to the principal fields of glass and glass-ceramic applications: 1. Structural materials for architecture, construction, armor, and dental restoration; 2. Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics for bone and cartilage healing and growth; 3. Ion-conducting materials for applications in modern battery and energy technologies; 4. Photonic glasses and glass-ceramics; and 5. Catalytically active systems. All these application areas benefit from fundamental research encom passing development of fundamental concepts regarding the structural description of glasses and structural, dynamic (diffusion, relaxation, and viscous flow), and mechanistic aspects of processes involved in the crystallization of glasses leading to glass-ceramics. A short scientific report highlighting special recent accomplishments is available on The American Ceramic Society\'s Glass & Optical Materials Division website at www.ceramics.org/division/GOMD. On the technology side, CeRTEV activities are channeled towards generation of new technologies and patents, all the way to new products and manufacturing processes-a \"science to business approach.\" Thus far, new or improved patentable glass or glass-ceramic materials have been developed for light armors, solid electrolytes for electrochemical devices, tougher monolithic glass-ceramics for dental restoration, macroporous and hierarchically ordered scaffolds, fibers, small monolithic parts, and powders with increased osteoinductive activities and targeted drug delivery. CERTEV\'s education and outreach strategies focus on development of longterm sustainability of glass science and technology in Brazil (Figure 1). The goal is to attract more professionals, students, teachers, and scientists to this important research and technology sector. At pres L ∞ CERTEV L Figure 1. CeRTEV\'s scientific outreach activities are directed towards: (1) the science community, through conferences, workshops, and the School on Glass; (2) the glass industry, through a technical course on glass technology; (3) schools, through activities for the integration of education, research, and extension; and (4) the general public, through science dissemination in community educational events. ent, a lack of training courses dedicated to professionals in the glass industry seriously impinges its development. Therefore, together with the Brazilian Association of Automated Glass Industries and the Paula Souza Center, the São Paulo state government office responsible for technical education, CERTEV has developed a full curricu lum for a three-semester glass technology course for the glass industry. The course consists of 450 hours of theoretical classes on glass formulation, physical processes, energy management, workplace and environmental safety, and entrepeneurship and 850 hours of practical training. In parallel, CeRTEV has mounted an aggressive public promotion and education effort on glass and glass-ceramics. Activities include development of educational kits, mutual visitation projects with high schools, participation in science fairs, design of visually attractive display banners and science comics, as well as theater presentations that we call \"science on stage.\" Altogether, the first four years have been exciting, challenging, and producAmerican Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org tive. CeRTEV has consolidated a coherent collaborative research, technology, and education program dealing with fundamental research and development of new materials with technologically interesting properties. Based on this three-pronged strategy, the center hopes to make more substantial contributions in the future to ensure sustained growth of the glass and glass-ceramic technology sectors in Brazil in the seven years to come! About the authors All authors are members of CeRTEV. Karina Lupetti, Ana C.M. Rodrigues, and E.D. Zanotto are with the Federal University of São Carlos (São Carlos, Brazil). Eduardo B. Ferreira and Hellmut Eckert are with University of São Paulo (São Carlos, Brazil). Acknowledgements CERTEV has been supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), process no. 2013-07793-6 (CEPID program) for the past 5 years. An additional 6 of funding are pending. years 41 Credit: CeRTEV OCTOBER 8-12, 2017 | DAVID L. LAWRENCE CONVENTION CENTER | PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, USA JOIN US FOR THE ACERS 119TH ANNUAL MEETING! Technical Meeting and Exhibition MS&T17 MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PICK UP YOUR COPY OF THE FINAL PROGRAM AND EXHIBIT DIRECTORY AT THE REGISTRATION DESK FOR FULL CONFERENCE MEETINGS, EVENTS, AND ACTIVITIES. OCT 9 - 10 a.m. WWW.MATSCITECH.ORG ACERS LECTURES AND AWARDS -9M MONDAY ACERS/EPDC ARTHUR L. FRIEDBERG CERAMIC ENGINEERING TUTORIAL AND LECTURE Friedberg - Rosario A. Gerhardt, Georgia Institute of Technology Structure - property - processing relationships in composite materials 2 - 4:40 p.m. ACERS RICHARD M. FULRATH AWARD SESSION - Akitoshi Hayashi, Osaka Prefecture University Fulrath Development of ion-conducting glasses for solid-state batteries - Chie Kawamura, Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. Synthesis of high crystalline and fine BaTiO 3 powder for thinner Ni-MLCCs via solid state route - Jon Ihlefeld, Sandia National Laboratories New functionality from reconfigurable ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric films – Hideki Tanaka, Shoei Chemical Inc. 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Lawrence Convention Center Monday, Oct. 9 | 1-2 p.m. 4-6 p.m. MS&T17 EXHIBIT HAPPY HOUR RECEPTION This annual meeting features: • President\'s State of the Society report • New officer inductions • The new president\'s vision • Members\' town hall and Q&A For details visit www.ceramics.org 250 11 9:30 a.m.-2 p.m. POSTER VIEWING WEDNESDAY 9:30 a.m. – 2 p.m. EXHIBITION SHOW HOURS Noon - 1 p.m. ACERS PUBLISHING WORKSHOP \"Benefits of Being a Reviewer for Technical Journals\" American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 43 WWW.MATSCITECH.ORG MS&T17 OCTOBER 8 –12, 2017 DAVID L. LAWRENCE CONVENTION CENTER PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, USA MS&T17 EXHIBITORS (As of 09/01/17) COMPANY BOOTH COMPANY BOOTH COMPANY BOOTH AdValue Technology 510 Hysitron 305 RJ Lee Group 427 Alfred University (CACT) 424 International Centre for Diffraction 610 Rtec-Instruments Inc. 429 Allied High Tech 401 Data (ICDD) Sente Software 515 American Stress Technologies 508 JEOL 209 Solar Manufacturing 231 Amuneal Mfg Corp. 200 Keyence Corp. 327 SPEX SamplePrep 331 Andeen-Hagerling Inc. 616 LECO Corp. 300 SPI Supplies 204 Angstrom Scientific Inc. 525 Mager Scientific Inc. 224 Springer 409 Anton Paar USA 211 Metal Samples Co. 514 Struers 414 Applied Test Systems 320 Metcut Research 310 TA Instruments 624 Brook Anco Corp. 221 MicroTrac 539 Taylor & Francis Group 602 Bruker Corp. Buehler 618 Millipore Sigma (Sigma Aldrich) 605 TEC (Materials Testing) 521 501 MRL Materials Resources LLC 537 Ted Pella Inc. 533 California Nanotechnologies 325 MSE Supplies LLC 225 Tekna Plasma Systems Inc. 426 Cameca Instruments Inc. 203 MTI Corp. 600 TESCAN USA 301 Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC 400 MTS Systems Corp. 337 TevTech LLC 311 Centorr Vacuum Industries 324 Nabertherm Inc. 614 The American Ceramic Society 217 Clemex Technologies Inc. 333 NACE International 524 Thermal Technologies LLC 332 CM Furnaces 314 Nanoscience Instruments Inc. 611 Thermcraft Inc. 425 CompuTherm 518 Nanovea 315 Thermo-Calc Software Inc. 321 Deltech Furnaces 330 Netzsch Instruments N.A. LLC 505 Thermo Fisher Scientific (formerly FEI) 509 Ebatco 528 NSL Analytical Services 437 THINKY USA 326 EDAX Inc. 205 Oxford Instruments 309 Touchstone Testing Lab LLC 318 Electron Microscopy Sciences 619 Quantum Design 208 UES Inc. 609 FactSage Family 627 Pace Technologies 517 Verder Scientific Inc 224 Gasbarre Products Inc. (PTX) 210 PANalytical 603 Vericheck Technical Services Inc. 219 Goodfellow Corp. 520 Park Systems 532 Vision Research 201 Granta Design 404 Photron USA Inc. 433 Vodik Energy 529 Heraeus Platinum Labware 628 PREMIER Lab Supply Inc. 432 Westmoreland Mechanical Testing & Harper International 215 PROTO Manufacturing Inc. 615 Research Inc. 625 Hitachi High Technologies America 408 Pulstec 604 Wiley 526 HORIBA Instruments Inc. 232 Renishaw 516 Zircar Ceramics 617 HORIBA Scientific 601 Rigaku 604 Zircar Zirconia Inc. 336 44 Contact Mona Thiel to reserve your booth space at MS&T18. mthiel@ceramics.org or 614-794-5834 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 JOIN US FOR THE ACERS 119TH ANNUAL MEETING! SHORT COURSES OCT -12 THURSDAY SMART MARKETING FOR ENGINEERS Day 1 Rebecca Geier, TREW Marketing 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. | Omni William Penn Hotel ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMICS Shawn Allen, Lithoz America; Johannes Homa, Lithoz GmbH; Ming Leu, Missouri University of Science and Technology, and others 9 a.m. - 6 p.m. | Omni William Penn Hotel SINTERING OF CERAMICS Day 1 Mohamed Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology 9 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. | Omni William Penn Hotel -13 FRIDAY STUDENT AND YOUNG PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMING AT MS&T17 OCT -9 MO MONDAY ACERS CERAMIC MENTORING ROUNDTABLE 10 a.m. - Noon | CC - Allegheny Overlook 10T 2017 MUG DROP CONTEST SMART MARKETING FOR ENGINEERS Day 2 Rebecca Geier, TREW Marketing 9 a.m. - 1 p.m. | Omni William Penn Hotel SINTERING OF CERAMICS Day 2 Mohamed Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology 9 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. | Omni William Penn Hotel TUESDAY 2017 11:15 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. | CC - Hall A DISC GOLF CONTEST 12:30-1:30 p.m. | CC - Hall A STUDENT AWARDS CEREMONY 2-3 p.m. | CC - Hall A Cooper 兼 Friedberg Annual Meeting ACers Rustum Roy ACerS Sosman Fulrath Be on the lookout for these special collectible buttons. Get yours by attending ACers lectures and special events • ACers Annual Meeting • Edward Orton Lecture • Alfred R. Cooper Award Session • Rustum Roy Lecture • Richard M. Fulrath Award • Robert B. Sosman Lecture • Arthur L. Friedburg Lecture • ACers Lounge This is the final year for the ACerS buttons at MS&T so complete your collection before they are gone! 2018 Abstracts due SEPTEMBER 27, 2017 CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC AND ADVANCED MATERIALS January 17-19, 2018 | DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel | Orlando, Fla., USA PLENARY SPEAKERS Judith Driscoll Department of Materials Science and Metals, University of Cambridge Roger de Souza Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH, Aachen University, Germany NEW NAME. EXPANDED PROGRAMMING. BIGGER CONFERENCE. Basic Science Division and Electronics Division join forces to hold their annual technical meetings together at the new 2018 Conference of Electronic and Advanced Materials (formerly Electronic Materials and Applications). Five new Basic Science Division symposia, combined with Electronics Division programming, expands the scope of science and topics into a unique technical program on electronic and advanced materials. A single registration fee allows attendees to participate in the annual technical meetings of both divisions. Submit your abstract to participate in this expanded forum for exchanging knowledge on the fundamental nature of ceramic materials, grand challenges that ceramic materials can solve, and the new applications they can drive. Please join us January 17-19, 2018, at the DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World, to participate in this unique experience! www.ceramics.org/eam2018 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Brady Gibbons Electronics Division Oregon State University brady.gibbons@ oregonstate.edu Jon Ihlefeld Electronics Division University of Virginia Wayne Kaplan Basic Science Division Technion - Israel Institute of Technology kaplan@technion.ac.il John Blendell Basic Science Division Purdue University blendell@purdue.edu ELECTRONICS DIVISION PROGRAM S1 Complex oxide and chalcogenide semiconductors: Research and applications S2 Energy applications of electronic and ferroic ceramics: Synthesis, characterization, and theory S3 Multiscale structure-property relationships and advanced characterization of functional ceramics S4 Agile design of electronic materials: Aligned computational and experimental approaches S5 lon-conducting ceramics S6 Electronics materials for 5G telecommunications applications S7 Mesoscale phenomena in ceramic materials S8 Multifunctional nanocomposites S9 Substitution and sustainability in functional materials and devices S10 Synthesis and processing of science of thin films and single crystals ―The details of engineering structure-property relationships S11 Superconducting materials and applications S12 Thermal transport and storage in functional materials and devices S13 Advanced electronic materials: Processing, structures, properties, and applications BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION PROGRAM S1 Computational data sciences for 21st century ceramics research S2 Electromagnetic field effects on ceramic processing: Fundamental mechanisms and new applications S3 Experimental and theoretical insights on interfaces of ceramics S4 Fundamentals of mechanical response S5 Morphology evolution and microstructure characterization BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION TUTORIAL Defect chemistry in perovskite ceramics and its impact on materials processing and properties 45 46 Rick Ubic Electronics Division Boise State University rickubic@boisestate.edu OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES bulletin Ceramic TechToday emerging ceramics & glass technology FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 REGISTER by December 20, 2017 to save $100! FAILURE: THE GREATEST TEACHER The vast majority of scientific literature and conference talks report positive results, but there\'s a lot to be learned from negative results and missteps as well. After the \"successful\" part of the meeting closes, come hear recognized leaders in the field discuss failure-and perhaps recount some of their most spectacular learning experiences—during a frank and friendly discussion in a relaxed atmosphere. Speakers and audience alike are encouraged to check their egos at the door for this event that has turned into an EAM highlight. If you would like to speak at this symposium, please contact Geoff Brennecka (gbrennec@mines.edu). BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION TUTORIAL Defect chemistry in perovskite ceramics and its impact on materials processing and properties In functional ceramics, defect chemistry is of outstanding importance for materials properties. For example, electric or ion conductivity of ceramics is governed by point defects. But, other effects—ferroelectricity and optical properties—are impacted by defects, and microstructural evolution is closely linked to defect chemistry. However, because many applications of functional ceramics involve polycrystalline materials, a deep understanding of bulk defect chemistry needs to be extended to the existence of charged interfaces and space charge at interfaces. This tutorial gives a comprehensive introduction to defect chemistry of functional ceramics in general and perovskites in particular. Reasons for the existence of charged interfaces and space charge and its interplay with defect chemistry are reviewed. Finally, the impact of these concepts on materials properties and processing is highlighted. Talks illustrate the most important tools in this field and give examples for their application. Tutorial organizers -Wolfgang Rheinheimer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany; Wolfgang. Rheinheimer@kit.edu - Rachel Zucker, University of California, Berkley, USA; rzucker@berkeley.edu DOUBLETREE by HILTON ORLANDO AT SEA WORLD 10100 International Drive, Orlando, FL 32821 407-352-1100/800-327-0363 Rate: Single/double/triple/quad - $149 TENTATIVE SCHEDULE Current as of September 11, 2017 Tuesday, January 16, 2018 Conference registration Wednesday, January 17, 2018 Conference registration Plenary session IJudith Driscoll, University of Cambridge Coffee break Concurrent technical sessions Poster session set up Lunch on own Student award finalist presentations Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Poster session and reception Basic Science Division tutorial Thursday, January 18, 2018 Conference registration Plenary session II Roger de Souza, Aachen University Coffee break Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Student award finalist presentations Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Young Professionals reception Conference dinner Friday, January 19, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Coffee break Failure: The greatest teacher 5-6:30 p.m. 7:30a.m. - 6 p.m. 8:30 9:30 a.m. 9:30 10 a.m. 10 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Noon - 5 p.m. 12:30-2 p.m. 12:45 - 1:50 p.m. 2- 5:30 p.m. 3:30-4 p.m. 5:30-7:30 p.m. 7:45 - 9:45 p.m. 7:30 a.m. - 6 p.m. 8:30 9:30 a.m. 9:30 10 a.m. 10 a.m. 12:30 p.m. 12:30 -2 p.m. 12:45-1:45 p.m. 2- 5:30 p.m. 3:30-4 p.m. 5:30-6:30 p.m. 7-9 p.m. 7:30 a.m. 5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. 9:30 10 a.m. 12:30 - 2 p.m. 2- 5:30 p.m. 3:30-4 p.m. 5:45-6:45 p.m. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 47 REGISTER by December 23, 2017! 42ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society 2018 PROGRAM CHAIR Manabu Fukushima National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology manabu-fukushima@aist.go.jp The 42nd International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) continues a strong tradition as the leading international meeting on advanced structural and functional ceramics, composites, and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. The technical program consists of 17 symposia, three focused sessions, an honorary symposium, and 7th Global Young Investigator Forum. These technical sessions, consisting of both oral and poster presentations, will provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, and engineers from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances on various aspects related to ceramic science and technology. The key event of the 42nd ICACC is an international symposium entitled \"Advancing frontiers of ceramics for sustainable societal development.\" This symposium honors Dr. Mrityunjay Singh for his long-term and innumerable outstanding contributions to the science and technology of advanced ceramic materials and technologies, his tireless efforts in mentoring students and young professionals, and for promoting and developing networks and collaborations among the materials community worldwide. We look forward to seeing you in Daytona Beach, Fla., in January 2018! 48 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org W TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Sunday, January 21, 2018 Conference registration Welcome reception at Hilton Monday, January 22, 2018 Conference registration Engineering Ceramics Division The Antericar Ceramic Society 2-7 p.m. 5:30-7 p.m. 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. Opening awards ceremony and plenary session 8:30 a.m. - Noon Companion coffee Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 9 - 10:30 a.m. Noon 1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:30. p.m. Young Professional Network, GGRN student mixer 7:30 - 9 p.m. Tuesday, January 23, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 7:30 a.m.6 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon - 1:20 p.m. 1:30 - 5 p.m. Exhibits and poster session A, including reception 5-8 p.m. Wednesday, January 24, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 7:30a.m. 5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon–1:20 p.m. 1:30 - 5 p.m. Exhibits and poster session B, including reception 5- 7:30 p.m. Thursday, January 25, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Friday, January 26, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Current as of September 11, 2017 OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology Ceramic TechToday FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 7:30 a.m. 6 p.m. Noon 8:30 a.m. Noon 1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:30 p.m. 8 a.m. - Noon 8:30 a.m. Noon www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 JANUARY 21 - 26, 2018 | Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center | Daytona Beach, Florida, USA www.ceramics.org/icacc2018 HILTON DAYTONA BEACH RESORT 100 North Atlantic Ave., Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Phone: 1-386-254-8200 Rates: One to four occupants: Students: $170 $140 US government employee: Prevailing rate Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate. Room rates are effective until December 26, 2017, and based on availability. AWARD AND PLENARY SPEAKERS JAMES I. MUELLER AWARD Wicks George G. Wicks, CTO, Applied Research Center, S.C.; VP/CTO, SpheroFill LLC; Wicks Consulting Services LLC; adjunct professor, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University; consulting scientist (retired), Savannah River National Laboratory Title: Tiny Bubbles: An innovative ceramic opens new opportunities in medicine, security, energy, and environmental remediation BRIDGE BUILDING AWARD Zhou Yanchun Zhou, professor and deputy director of science and technology of Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory at the Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology of China Title: Strategies for searching for damage tolerant ceramics: from MAX phases to MAB phases PLENARY SPEAKER Brook Richard Brook, director, Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom Title: Research. Why? For whom? How? EXHIBITION INFORMATION Reserve your booth today for the premier international advanced ceramics and composites expo. Connect with decision makers and influencers in government labs, industry, and research and development fields. ICACC18 is your destination to collaborate with business partners, cultivate prospects, and explore new business opportunities. Exhibit Hours: Tuesday, January 23, 2018, 5 - 8 p.m. Wednesday, January 24, 2018, 5 – 7:30 p.m. Exposition Location: Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL Exhibit space is filling up fast. To reserve your booth, visit www.ceramics.org/icacc2018 or contact Mona Thiel at mthiel@ceramics.org or 614-794-5834. Exhibitor Alfred University AVS Centorr CM Furnaces Gasbarre (PTX) Booth 315 307 200 210 203 H.C. Stark 305 Haiku Tech 208 Harper International Corp. 309 JRS 313 Lithoz GmbH 103 Microtrac 314 Nanoscience Instruments 201 Netzsch Instruments 300 Oxy-Gon Industries Inc. Reserved 215 216 302 311 214 Thermal Wave Thermcraft Inc. 202 303 Wuxi Tianyang Drying Equipment 111 PLENARY SPEAKER Mücklich Frank Mücklich, Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing., head, Institute for Functional Materials, Dept. Mat. Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Germany Title: 3D microstructure is the \"know-it-all\"Advanced classification and quantitative analysis including data mining and deep learning methods ECD GLOBAL YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD Thomas Fischer, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany Title: Electrospun metal oxide fiber meshes for improved sensing of toxic analytes in the gas phase Sonoscan TA Instruments Tev Tech Fischer American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 49 49 REGISTER TODAY! INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SINTERING 2017 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Latest Advances in Science and Technology of Sintering and Microstructure Evolution HYATT REGENCY MISSION BAY SPA AND MARINA | SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA November 12-16, 2017 | www.ceramics.org/sintering 2017 Sintering 2017 will address the latest developments in sintering and microstructural evolution processes for the fabrication of powder-based materials in terms of fundamental understanding, technological issues, and industrial applications. Whether you are a researcher, industrial partner, or student, Sintering 2017 offers an opportunity to meet, collaborate, network, and learn. In addition to technical sessions, poster presentations, and special programs, the conference also offers three plenary speakers, to include: Didier Bouvard, Grenoble Alps University, France Investigating the sintering of multilayer components with advanced experimental and modelling tools Martin Harmer, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., USA Know your [grain] boundaries SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE Sunday, November 12, 2017 Welcome reception Monday, November 13, 2017 Plenary session I Concurrent technical sessions Poster session set-up Lunch 6-8 p.m. 8-9 a.m. Bernd Kieback, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Germany Contact formation and densification during early stages of spark plasma sintering of metal powders CONFERENCE CHAIRS Rajendra K. Bordia, Clemson University; Eugene A. Olevsky, San Diego State University; Didier Bouvard, Grenoble-INP, France; Suk-Joong L. Kang, KICET, South Korea; and Bernd Kieback, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany Conference local (U.S.) cochairs: Rajendra K. Bordia Eugene A. Olevsky Poster session (posters up all day) Tuesday, November 14, 2017 Plenary session II Concurrent technical sessions 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. 10 a.m. - noon Noon - 1 p.m. 1 – 2:30 p.m. 8-9 a.m. 9 a.m. - noon Wednesday, November 15, 2017 Concurrent technical sessions Lunch Roundtable discussion Dinner Thursday, November 16, 2017 Concurrent technical sessions 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Noon - 1 p.m. 1:30-3 p.m. 7-9 p.m. 8 a.m. noon HYATT REGENCY MISSION BAY SPA AND MARINA 1441 Quivira Road | San Diego, CA, USA, 92109 Tel: +1 619-224-1234 Room Rates: Single/double occupancy - $159 plus tax US government-prevailing government rate plus tax (currently $140) 50 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 new products PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS OF QUASIBRITTLE STRUCTURES Strength, Lifetime and Size Effect Quasibrittle materials Zdeněk Bažant Jia-Liang Le textbook new book, Probabilistic Mechanics A Wasibrittle Structures: Strength, Lifetime, and Size Effect, presents a recently developed mechanics-based probabilistic theory of strength and lifetime statistics, which aims to address the ensuing difficult challenges for safe design of quasibrittle structures. Written by authors Zdeněk P. Bažant and Jia-Liang Le, the book covers a wide range of subjects, including probabilistic fracture kinetics at nanoscale, multiscale transition, statistics of structural strength and lifetime, size effect, reliability indices, safety factors, and ramification to gate dielectrics breakdown. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge, U.K.) ISBN: 9781107151703 www.cambridge.org Particle sizer The Fritsch Analysette 28 ImageSizer is ticle shape and size of dry, free-flowing powders and bulk solids. Via optical analysis of particle shape and particle size, users can identify damaged particles, contaminates, agglomerates, or oversized and undersized particles accurately and quickly and view them in single, uncomplicated images. Depending on sample quantity, measuring time is under 5 minutes, and results are available immediately. The instrument produces dynamic image analysis in an extrawide measuring range of 20 µm-20 mm. Analysette 28 ImageSizer is ideal for quality control as well as research and laboratory tasks, and it is a fast alternative to sieving. Fritsch Milling and Sizing Inc. (Carrboro, N.C.) 412-559-8840 www.fritsch-international.com Drop impact tester he new DX-8300 Series hart top impact tester is an electronic, full-featured\' impact tester for films and sheets. The tester can more closely control nominal and peak strength characteristics to speed up production and additives settings and adjustments, research and development of new film and sheet products, inspection of incoming film and sheet products, and in-process checks to ensure on-specification products for converting operations. The tester operates with pneumatic-assist for dart release and film/sheet sample clamping. Equipped with industryleading software, the fully electronic operation provides advanced safety features. Paul N. Gardner Company Inc. (Pompano Beach, Fla.) 800-762-2478 www.gardco.com Foro Vac INCTUM CONTROLLER Vacuum controller errotec\'s new FerroVac vacuum contion to manage vacuum system processes. When combined with an electron beam controller and power supply, FerroVac enables legacy manual-controlled systems to be updated with advanced full systemlevel, automated control. While the FerroVac controller is ideally suited for e-beam deposition systems, its core utility makes it an effective solution for controlling virtually any vacuum system. In addition to streamlining processes and integrating discrete control processes, FerroVac simplifies system wiring and connectivity, making physical system hardware easier to manage and maintain. Ferrotec Corp. (Bedford, N.H.) 408-964-7700 www.ferrotec.com Glassceramic material remco Product\'s Are new Aremcolox 502-400 is an advanced machinable glassceramic developed for use in electrical and electronic high-temperature applications to 700°F (371°C). Principal features include outstanding electrical resistance, low thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, zero porosity, and ease of machinability using carbide tools. Specifications include compressive and flexural strengths of 40,000 and 15,000 psi, respectively; dielectric strength of 400 volts per mil; dielectric constant of 6.9 at 1 MHz; and thermal conductivity of 2.88 Btu⚫in/hr • ft² •°F (0.41 W/m K). Aremcolox 502-400 is available from stock in rods and plates, and custom sizes and parts are also produced to print. Aremco Products Inc. (Valley Cottage, N.Y.) 845-268-0039 www.aremco.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Boron nitride and SiAION composite aint-Gobain Ceramic Materials\'s new Combat Boron Nitride Grade SiZBN is a boron nitride and SiAION composite for applications in molten metals and steel casting. SiZBN is a hot-pressed composite ceramic that combines the lubricating properties of boron nitride, extreme refractory of zirconia, and wear resistance and strength of SiAION. This composite is ideal for components requiring strength at high temperatures in a variety of molten metals and steel contact applications. SiZBN parts are easily machined from hot-pressed solid lumber into complex, intricate shapes, with very smooth finish and tight tolerances. Such precision in parts leads to controlled, desirable properties in the end product. Saint-Gobain Ceramic Materials, Boron Nitride Products (Amherst, N.Y.) 716-691-2005 www.bn.saint-gobain.com 51 resources Calendar of events October 2017 22-25 2017 ICG Annual Meeting and 32nd Sisecam Glass Symposium Sisecam and Technology Center, Istanbul, Turkey; www.icginstanbul2017.com 31-Nov. 3 ➡6th Int\'l Symposium on ACTSEA 2017 - Garden Villa, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; www.actsea2017.web2.ncku.edu.tw November 2017 6-9 78th Conference on Glass Problems Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org 12-16 Int\'l Conference on Sintering 2017 - Hyatt Regency Mission Bay Spa and Marina, San Diego, Calif.; www.ceramics.org/sintering2017 12-16 CALL2017: Composites at Lake Louise - Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada; www.engconfintl.org/17AC December 2017 14-16 81st Annual Session of Indian Ceramic Society and International Conference on Expanding Horizons of Technological Applications of Ceramics and Glasses - College of Engineering Pune, India; www.81icsbmr2017.com January 2018 17-19 EAM 2018: ACerS Conference on Electronic and Advanced Materials DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando Sea World, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/ eam2018 21-26 ICACC\'18: 42nd Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Hilton Daytona Beach Resort/Ocean Walk Village, Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/icacc2018 March 2018 21-22 54th Annual St. Louis Section/Refractory Ceramics Division Symposium on Refractories - Hilton St. Louis Airport Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.; www.ceramics.org April 2018 10-13 ceramitec 2018 - Munich Germany; www.ceramitec.com 30 Ceramic Business Leadership Summit - Airport Marriott, Cleveland, Ohio May 2018 1-3 4th Ceramics Expo - I-X Center, Cleveland, Ohio; www.ceramicsexpousa.com 20-24 GOMD 2018: Glass and Optical Materials Division Meeting Hilton Palacio de Rio, San Antonio, Texas; www.ceramics.org June 2018 4-14 14th Int\'l Ceramics Congress and the 8th Forum on New Materials Perugia, Italy; www.2018.cimteccongress.org/14th_ ceramics_congress 5-8 ACers Structural Clay Products Division & Southwest Section Meeting in conjunction with the National Brick Research Center Meeting - Columbia, S.C.; www.ceramics.org 11-12 9th Advances in CementBased Materials - Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.; www. ceramics.org 17-21 ICC7: 7th Int\'l Congress on Ceramics Hotel Recanto Cataratas, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil; www.icc7.com.br July 2018 9-12 6th Int\'l Conference on the Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials and the 54th Summer Symposium on Powder Technology Kurashiki, Japan; www.ceramics.ynu. ac.jp/iccci2018/index.html 9-13 15th Int\'l Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids & 14th European Society of Glass Conference - Le Grand Large, Saint-Malo, France; www.ustverre.fr 22-27 CMCEE-12: 12th Int\'l Conference on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications Singapore; www.cmcee2018.org August 2018 11-12 Gordon Research Seminar: Solid State Studies in CeramicsDefects and Interfaces for New Functionalities in Ceramics - Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass.; www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=17148 12-17 Gordon Research Conference: Solid State Studies in Ceramics - Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass.; www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=11085 20-23 MCARE2018: Materials Challenges in Alternative & Renewable Energy - Vancouver, BC Canada; www. ceramics.org/mcare2018 Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue. Entries in BLUE denote ACerS events. denotes meetings that ACerS cosponsors, endorses, or otherwise cooperates in organizing. SEAL denotes Corporate partner 52 52 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 classified advertising Career Opportunities QUALITY EXECUTIVE SEARCH, INC. Recruiting and Search Consultants Specializing in Ceramics JOE DRAPCHO 24549 Detroit Rd. Westlake, Ohio 44145 (440) 899-5070 Cell (440) 773-5937 www.qualityexec.com E-mail: qesinfo@qualityexec.com Business Services 34 Years of Precision Ceramic Machining Ph: 714-538-2524 | Fx: 714-538-2589 Email: sales@advanced ceramictech.com www.advancedceramictech.com • Custom forming of technical ceramics •Protype, short-run and high-volume production quantities • Multiple C.N.C. 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Wilson pwilson@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5826 fx: 614-794-5842 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 55 59 O deciphering the discipline A regular column offering the student perspective of the next generation of ceramic and glass scientists, organized by the ACerS Presidents Council of Student Advisors. Christian Ocier Guest columnist Scientific experimentation as creative art While the tasks that govern a research scientist\'s activity are ultimately quotidian in nature, the intellectual process itself is, by necessity, a creative one. In the quest for scientific discovery, we build new hypotheses upon a repository of ideas. Reaching the end goal of scientific ingenuity demands our ability to transmute new ideas into tangible objects or statements. At its core, the nature of scientific work is no different from art. Science differs only in its representation of an individual\'s ability to refashion our expectations of the physical world rather than stretch the boundaries of our aesthetic sensibilities. In academia, as in other areas of life, there is a perceived duality between the mindsets of those who undertake art and those who pledge their careers to science. This is unfortunate, as such a dichotomy inhibits scientific and artistic minds from drawing inspiration from one another. The transformation of scientific craft from a vocation into an enterprise in recent decades has also eroded the discipline\'s creative philosophical core for many. While reversing these trends may be impossible, instilling artistic creativity within scientific minds may palliate the dilemma of science turning into an industry of mass-produced publications and impact factors. As the process of creating new science parallels that of creating art, perhaps encouraging graduate students to pursue artistic outlets may restore a sense of discovery and wonder so necessary for promulgating a culture of scientific creativity. I am currently pursuing a Ph.D. in materials science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. My primary undertaking as a graduate student is to understand photonic characteristics 56 of porous silicon and to apply this knowledge to design photonic devices that shape light propagation. Outside of photonics research, I also wear the hat of a student of classical clarinet. As a musician, I intend to improve my technical finesse and my understanding of a composer\'s art to better essay my instrument\'s scores. While both activities demand different end goals, the criteria for both are similar-one must be deft in analyzing patterns, in concentrating on a score or a problem, and in drawing new insights that bring novelty to a field of tradition. Gustav Mahler, the great Austrian symphonist, once said of his art as a composer, \"Tradition ist nicht die Anbetung der Asche, sondern die Weitergabe des Feuers\"-which translates to, \"Tradition is tending the flame, not worshipping of the ashes.\" So it must be as well for crafting meaningful scientific innovation. Achieving proficiency in the sciences by no means demands one\'s devotion to an artistic endeavor. But the riches that one can draw from art can enrich, enlighten, and contribute to one\'s progression as a human and a professional scientist. History has provided many examples of great scientists who dabbled in music and visual arts. Albert Einstein spent much of the time between his titanic discoveries interpreting Bach\'s and Mozart\'s violin partitas and sonatas. Thomas Südhof-awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on vesicle trafficking-mentioned that his thought processes as a scientist evolved from his training as a bassoonist. Fabiola Gianotti, the CERN director-general who led the ATLAS experiment, has a degree in piano performance from the Milan Conservatory in addition to her Ph.D. in particle physics. While many of these scientists\' greatest accomplishments largely stemmed from a deep understanding of their fields, I would hazard to say that their creative outlets played a seminal role in enhancing the quality of their thought processes. I was raised in the Philippines-a Ocier adjusts a near-field scanning optical microscope while searching for a focusing element in the Frederick Seitz Materials Laboratory\'s Laser Facility at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. country too economically compromised to support a thriving scientific research culture-so literature and music played a much larger role in defining my purview of the world. My interest in materials science only bloomed later, when I began to understand the universal parallels between my great passions and my professional field. Indeed, it was upon my realization that scientific experimentation contained a kernel of artistic elegance—that it demanded the same lines of thought that mimicked the creation of an aesthetic experience-that I was convinced to matriculate in my materials science Ph.D. program. One does not need to create art to refine scientific abilities. But art can certainly supply a plenitude of virtues and riches through its creative process. Christian Ocier is a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate in materials science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He holds an M.S. in materials science and engineering from Cornell University. Outside of lab, he plays the clarinet and particularly enjoys the music of Mahler, Wagner, Berg, Brahms, Beethoven, and Bach. 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