AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2019 BAC CHINATradition and transformation FL 原上海 子公司 华美大药房 amp C茂昌眼镜公司 OPTICAL 京都念 4.1. T FIC MIDO RUD First Foodall ORS NING ACerS leaders 2019-2020 | Data storage and business news I Pan Am Congress preview 回救回 回点 FIRING YOUR IMAGINATION FOR 100 YEARS HARROP HARROP a full spectrum of equipment and services in thermal processing Ads from the 1960\'s and 1970\'s Ceramic Bulletin HARRON 1000000 H THE AMERICAN SOCIETY BULLETR HARROP CAPABILITIES in the DESIGN and CONSTRUCTION of PRECISION EQUIPMENT for the controlled application of heat the measurement of the effect of temperature Production power! New 382-ft. Harrop kiln boosts output and quality of high voltage porcelain hing their HARROP HARROP PRECISION FURNACE CO. 0 ANNIVERSARY 2019 th HARROP Fire our imagination www.harropusa.com contents October/November 2019 • Vol. 98 No.8 feature article cover story Fest Food of 28 China-Tradition and transformation China pursues technological advances that can disrupt global markets—and its own economy As both government and global expectations make innovation a precedence over the traditional value of stability, private industry and entrepreneurs are increasingly taking the lead to meet science and technology objectives. by Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht department News & Trends Spotlight.... 3 7 Ceramics in Manufacturing 15 Research Briefs... ... 17 Ceramics in the Environment...21 Advances in Nanomaterials Ceramics in Energy . columns Business and Market View Advanced ceramics and nanoceramic powders 24 26 6 by Andrew McWilliams Deciphering the Discipline Energetics and structures of halide 48 3 Magnetic tapes archive big data Magnetic tape is an important technology for companies and organizations that handle big data-but an ongoing patent infringement battle makes obtaining the newest tapes difficult. ACers leaders for 2019-2020 New officers and directors on the 2019-2020 ACerS Executive Committee and Board will be installed at the 121st Annual Business Meeting on Sept. 30, 2019, at MS&T 19 in Portland, Ore. perovskites: A thermochemistry perspective by Bin Wang meetings 3rd Annual Energy Harvesting .37 Society Meeting (EHS 2019) recap Electronic Materials and Applications (EMA 2020) 38 44th International Conference . . 40 and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC20) Pan American Ceramics Congress and Ferroelectrics Meeting of Americas (PACC-FMAs 2020) .. 42 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org resources Calendar Classified Advertising 44 45 Display Ad Index. . 47 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Obulletin Editorial and Production Eileen De Guire, Editor edeguire@ceramics.org Lisa McDonald, Science Writer Michelle Martin, Production Editor Tess Speakman, Senior Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Darryl Butt, University of Utah Fei Chen, Wuhan University of Technology, China Michael Cinibulk, Air Force Research Laboratory Kang Lee, NASA Glenn Research Center Eliana Mucillo, University of São Paulo, Brazil Oomman Varghese, University of Houston Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics.org Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Mark Mecklenborg, Executive Director and Publisher mmecklenborg@ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Director of Technical Publications and Communications edeguire@ceramics.org Marcus Fish, Development Director Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation mfish@ceramics.org Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations mjohnson@ceramics.org Mark Kibble, Director of Information Technology mkibble@ceramics.org Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec. Assistant slabute@ceramics.org Andrea Ross, Director of Meetings and Marketing aross@ceramics.org Kevin Thompson, Director of Membership kthompson@ceramics.org Officers Tatsuki Ohji, President Dana Goski, President-Elect Sylvia Johnson, Past President Stephen Houseman, Treasurer Mark Mecklenborg, Secretary Board of Directors Mario Affatigato, Director 2018-2021 Helen Chan, Director 2019-2022 Monica Ferraris, Director 2019-2022 Kevin Fox, Director 2017-2020 William Headrick, Director 2019-2022 John Kieffer, Director 2018-2021 Sanjay Mathur, Director 2017-2020 Martha Mecartney, Director 2017-2020 Jingyang Wang, Director 2018-2021 Stephen Freiman, Parliamentarian online www.ceramics.org October/November 2019 • Vol. 98 No.8 http://bit.ly/acerstwitter in g+ f http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... Credit: the glass-blower, Flickr (CC BY 2.0) Two theories, one goal-new formula also describes heat flow in both crystals and glass In May, a formula was published that could describe thermal transport in both crystals and glass. Now, a new formula by researchers in Italy and the United States based on a different mathematical framework can also model such thermal transport. Read more at www.ceramics.org/heatflow Also see our ACers journals... Effect of molding machine\'s stiffness on the thickness of molded glass rings By J. Zhou, L. Li, M. C. Ng, and W. B. Lee International Journal of Applied Glass Science One step transformation of waste polyvinyl chloride to tantalum carbide@ carbon nanocomposite at low temperature By L. Wang, F. Zhang, W. Dai, et al. Journal of the American Ceramic Society Black porcelain solar plate and its thermal performance By D. Xiu, G. Zhao, J. Zhou, and S. Zhang International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology Constrained sintering of Bi2O3 doped ZnO By C. F. Wu and J. H. Jean International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science International journal of Applied Ceramic TECHNOLOGY 550 C Applied Class Ceramic Engineering Journal Read more at www.ceramics.org/journals American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. The American Ceramic Society is not responsible for the accuracy of information in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. Readers should independently evaluate the accuracy of any statement in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2019. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a \"dual-media\" magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramics.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100. Single issues, January-October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 98, No. 8, pp 1- 48. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents. 2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 news & trends Magnetic tapes archive big data Though magnetic tape is commonly viewed as a dead technology in the public entertainment sector, it is still a very important technology for companies and organizations that handle big data. Currently, an estimated 2.5 quintillion (1018) bytes of data are generated every day. Even as this new data is generated, safely storing old data is important, especially in the sciences. If data collected from old observations is compared to data collected from new observations, researchers can draw inferences about how things change over time (such as climate) and pinpoint rare occurrences that only show up when analyzing large datasets (such as obscure particles). While digital systems have the advantage over tapes when it comes to quickly processing, recording, and accessing huge amounts of data, it is unwise to archive data long-term in only a digital format, as illustrated by the Gmail outage in 2011. IBM manager for advanced tape technologies Mark Lantz demonstrates how a tape cartridge this size, which currently holds 20 terabytes of data, could achieve capacities of 330 terabytes using innovative IBM technologies. When a small group of Gmail users logged into their accounts and discovered all their emails missing, Google initially turned to its digital data redundancy files to recover the Custom solutions as sophisticated and unique as your process. Unveil yours today. An ISO 9001:2015 certified company American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 木 Furnace control systems are certified by Intertek UL508A compliant Deltech Furnaces www.deltechfurnaces.com 3 Quartz, YouTube news & trends emails, but they discovered the digital files useless. \"If you make five copies of data on disk mirrors, you\'ve got five bad copies... [The 2011 Gmail outage] showed that redundancy is not a recovery strategy,\" Google\'s staff site reliability engineer Raymond Blum explains during a talk at the 2014 Fujifilm Global IT Executive Summit, as summarized in a TechTarget article. Fortunately, Google also had that information stored in its tape library and was able to retrieve the missing emails. In addition to magnetic tape being safe from buggy software, hackers, and cyberattacks, tape storage has lower bit error rates (BER) than hard drives. For example, 2018 specifications for Business news PLANTS, CENTERS, AND FACILITIES Plibrico accelerates growth with opening of new mechanical services location in Nebraska To accommodate rapid growth and increase its ability to service current and future customers in the region, the Plibrico Company announced the opening of a new mechanical services location in Kearney, Neb. https://news.thomasnet.com Schott breaks ground on pharma glass tubing plant in China Germany-based Schott held a groundbreaking ceremony for its greenfield pharmaceutical glass tubing plant in Jinyun, Zhejiang. The new plant will supply the Chinese domestic pharmaceutical packaging market to aid its development. https://www. cleanroomtechnology.com 4 ACQUISITIONS AND COLLABORATIONS Kyocera, Ube Industries form joint venture to manufacture ceramic filters for 5G base stations Kyocera Corp. and Ube Industries, Ltd. signed a joint venture agreement to manufacture ceramic filters for 5G base consumer SATA disks allow for one uncorrected bit read error in every 1014 bits compared to every 1019 bits in a new linear tape-open (LTO-8) tape. Additionally, unlike digital discs, magnetic tapes are far from reaching their limit of how much data they can store. IBM researchers have been working to increase the amount of data that can be stored on magnetic tapes, and in 2017 they achieved a new world record by increasing areal recording density by more than 20 times current state-of-theart tape drives. For these reasons, many companies, such as Microsoft, use IBM System Storage Tape Libraries to archive their data, and CERN, one of the world\'s largest international research collaborations, stations. Under the agreement, Kyocera will acquire 51% of the shares of Ube Electronics, Ltd., a subsidiary of Ube Industries. Kyocera and Ube Industries will then establish a joint venture, which will commence operations in December 2019. https://www.businesswire. com/portal/site/home/news Broken Hill Prospecting acquires large historic rare earth project in Arizona Diversified Australian exploration company Broken Hill Prospecting formed a whollyowned U.S.-based subsidiary to acquire and develop the large-tonnage La Paz rare earth project in Arizona. Location notices for the lode mining claims have been filed with Arizona\'s Bureau of Land Management while a prospecting permit application is in progress. https://smallcaps.com.au MARKET TRENDS Bauxite to remain most preferred refractory mineral during 2018-2026 A Persistence Market Research report expects the global refractories market to increase at a CAGR of 4.2% over the forecast period 2018-2026. Among product forms, the monolithic and other also archives their particle physics data on tapes. However, an ongoing patent infringement battle is making obtaining tapes difficult. Only two manufacturers still produce LTO tape: Fujifilm and Sony. A lawsuit brought by Fujifilm against Sony in 2016, followed by Sony counter-suing Fujifilm, has led to a shortage of LTO-8 tapes (the tapes with BER of 1:1019). By March 2019, the United States banned import of LTO products from both manufacturers due to the ongoing patent infringement battle. In early August, news media reported that Fujifilm and Sony reached a worldwide cross-licensing deal, raising hopes that the LTO-8 shortage may soon end. unshaped segment is expected to expand at a higher CAGR in terms of value. On the basis of refractory minerals, bauxite is anticipated to continue dominating the market. https://www.gemnewz.com Ultra-high performance concrete market worth $550 million by 2024 A MarketsandMarkets report projects the ultra-high performance concrete market to grow from US$369 million in 2019 to US$550 million by 2024, at a CAGR of 8.3%. It is expected to grow in accordance with the growth of the construction industry across the globe. https://www.prnewswire.com Potassium carbonate market propel due to its demand in glass industry A Transparency Market Research report on the potassium carbonate market (2016-2023) says the glass industry is the largest consumer of potassium carbonate in manufacturing specialty glasses, but the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries are also anticipated to boost demand. However, health hazard may hamper market growth in the near future. https:// www.transparencymarketresearch.com www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 Corporate Partner news Allied Mineral Products expansion project complete in Pell City SAUEREİSEN POTTING CEMENT - 32 30 Allied Mineral Alabama ribbon cutting. After breaking ground a little over a year ago, Allied Mineral Products\' current expansion includes a new manufacturing facility in Pell City, Ala. The Pell City facility joins Allied\'s list of U.S. manufacturing operations in Columbus, Ohio; Brownsville, Texas; and Chehalis, Wash. AdValue Technology Alumina Sapphire Quartz High Purity Powders Metallization Laser Machining Http://www.advaluetech.com YOUR VALUABLE PARTNER IN MATERIAL SCIENCE Credit: Allied Mineral Products ՄՐ ՂՍ Halogen Free • Phosphate-Bonded Sodium Silicate • Ideal for Automated Production • Unlimited Potlife • May be Applied at Greater Thickness • Heat Conductive & Electrically Insulating Thermally Shock Resistant Resists Temperatures to 2,012°F (1100°C) Tel: 1-520-514-1100, Fax: 1-520-747-4024 Email: sales@advaluetech.com 3158 S. Chrysler Ave., Tucson, AZ 85713, U.S.A American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org sauereisen.com Technical & Specification Assistance business and market view A regular column featuring excerpts from BCC Research reports on industry sectors involving the ceramic and glass industry. bcc Research Advanced ceramics and nanoceramic powders By Andrew McWilliams he market for The advanced and nanosized ceramic powders was estimated at over $16.2 billion in 2018 and is forecast to expand to approximately $24.5 billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 8.6%. Advanced ceramic powders account for the bulk of this market (81.9% in 2017), but nanosized powders are expected to increase in market share as they are in a significantly more dramatic growth stage of economic development and are expected to reach a 25.0% market share in 2023. The general categories of advanced ceramic powders are oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides. Oxides account for the bulk of the market for advanced ceramic powders. However, major oxide powders, such as alumina and titanium dioxide, used in advanced ceramics are in fact produced in far greater volumes for nonceramic applications. For example, titanium dioxide has become a highvolume pigment for the paint and plastics industries, which require the particle size and chemistry control characteristics of industrial chemicals. Nonoxide ceramic powders have to be prepared via a high-temperature reaction of mineral or elemental precursors with carbon compounds, commonly in a reducing or nonoxygen-containing furnace atmosphere (to form nitrides). More sophisticated ceramic powders are manufactured from metal salt or metal organic precursors produced by chemical manufacturers. These sophisticated powder production processes fall into the general production categories of powder chemical precipitation and powders from the vapor phase. The other popular powder production from solutions is the sol-gel technique. 6 Table 1. Global market for advanced and nanoscale ceramic powders, by type, through 2023 (million lbs./$ millions) 2017 2018 2023 Туре lbs. $ lbs. $ lbs. $ CAGR%, 2018-2023 Advanced ceramic Nanosized ceramic Total 5,184.4 5,184.4 12,250.5 5,475.8 13,080.6 2,705.9 3,135.9 14,956.4 5,475.8 16,216.5 7,139.2 18,363.7 6,126.6 7,139.2 24,490.3 7.0 14.3 8.6 Note: Only market value figures are reported for nanopowders due to the industry structure of internal consumption of these materials. This method is more commonly used in the preparation of oxide thin films, but can be used to produce powders. Ceramic powders are the basic starting materials used to produce ceramic components, parts, and coatings. Advanced ceramic materials can be broadly categorized according to applications as follows: • • • Structural ceramics, such as heat engine components and cutting tool inserts; Electronic ceramics, such as insulators, capacitors, and piezoelectric elements; Ceramic coatings, such as for aircraft and aerospace engines and heat exchangers; Chemical and environmental control, such as membranes, catalysts, and filters; and • Medical ceramics, such as dental and bone implants and prosthetics. • There are at least 113 companies involved in the electronic ceramics area as producers and suppliers. Each electronic ceramic market segment has three or four market leaders that together control three-fourths of the market. In the structural ceramics area, there are about 353 producers and developers of ceramic components. Except in bioceramics and certain segments of ceramic wear resistant parts, there are no clear-cut leaders. The structure of the ceramic coating industry from raw materials to end-use products includes suppliers of ceramic coating consumables; suppliers of coating systems; job shops providing coating services; and end users including those with in-house coating facilities. In the United States, there are half a dozen suppliers of thermal spray consumables, a dozen suppliers of thermal spray, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems, over 100 job shops providing coating services, and about a dozen companies and organizations with PVD and CVD facilities. Approximately 60 companies produce ceramic membranes and filters. In the catalysts areas, there are 10 major producers. Eight companies produce catalyst supports for chemical and process industries, while four companies produce auto and truck substrates for engine emission control. There are two or three industry leaders in each segment. At least 42 companies produce medical devices and other clinical products from ceramics. The five main ceramic powder user industries had combined worldwide sales of approximately $69 billion in 2017. That figure is expected to be $73.3 billion in 2018 and approach $100 billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.3%. The Asia-Pacific region is by far the largest geographical market for advanced ceramics, accounting for 38% of the global market in 2018. Asia-Pacific is also the fastest-growing regional market, and as a result is expected to increase its global market share to nearly 42% in 2023. About the author Andrew McWilliams is a research analyst for BCC Research. Contact McWilliams at analysts@bccresearch.com. Resource A. McWilliams, \"Advanced ceramics and nanoceramic powders\" BCC Research Report NAN015J, May 2019. www.bccresearch.com. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 acers spotlight SOCIETY, DIVISION, SECTION, AND CHAPTER NEWS Corporate Partner news We are pleased to welcome the following Corporate Partner: O\'Keefe Ceramics, Inc. Planning to be a member your entire life? ACerS Lifetime membership allows members to avoid future dues increases, maintain awards eligibility, and the need to renew each year. The cost to become a Lifetime Member is a one-time payment of $2,000. ACerS invites you to join the growing list of Lifetime Members while securing ACerS member benefits for your entire lifetime. To learn more about Lifetime membership, contact Kevin Thompson, membership director, at (614) 794-5894 or kthompson@ ceramics.org, or join online at ceramics.org. Volunteer Spotlight Charmayne Lonergan has been selected for ACerS Volunteer Spotlight to recognize her commitment to volunteerism and service to the Society. Lonergan is a glass scientist in the Radiological Materials Group in the Energy and Environment Directorate at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Wash. She currently works Lonergan on glass formulations for waste vitrification in support of the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant mission. Her work includes processing novel glass compositions and analysis of their properties, modeling of glass properties, understanding the corrosion behavior of glass waste forms, and development of constraints for glass development. Additionally, Lonergan participates in STEM outreach, the Keramos Kriegel Committee, and is a cochair of the ACerS Young Professionals Network Steering Committee. ACerS extends its deep appreciation to Lonergan for her service to our Society! In memoriam William F. Wenning Louis Gates Some detailed obituaries can also be found on the ACers website, www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam. TAP INTO ACCURACY \"Tap\" GrindoSonic • Employs Impulse Excitation technique • Measures elastic properties of a wide range of materials with just a light tap ⚫ Non-destructive • Defacto universal standard for industrial quality control and research purposes To find out more, visit our website, call, or email info@penntoolco.com. penntoolco.com/grindosonic 800 526-4956 PENN Tool Co. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 7 acers spotlight Society, Division, Section, and Chapter news (continued) ACerS leaders for 2019-2020 ACerS is pleased to introduce at the ACerS Annual Meeting and MS&T19 the 2019-2020 Society leadership. New officers and directors will be installed at the 121st Annual Business Meeting on Sept. 30, 2019, at MS&T19 in Portland, Ore. Society officers and directors Executive Committee Ohji President Tatsuki Ohji Fellow scientist National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Nagoya, Japan Board of Directors (new) Helen Chan New Jersey Zinc Professor Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pa. Chan Monica Ferraris Mecartney Martha Mecartney Professor University of California, Irvine Irvine, Calif. 8 President-elect Dana Goski Vice president of research and development Full professor of science and technology of materials Politecnico di Torino Turin, Italy Allied Mineral Products Inc. Ferraris Columbus, Ohio Goski William Headrick Past president Sylvia Johnson Director of research and development Missouri Refractories Pevely, Mo. Johnson Chief materials technologist, retired NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, Calif. Treasurer Stephen Houseman President Harrop Industries Inc. Columbus, Ohio Headrick Board of Directors (returning) Kevin Fox Principal engineer Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken, S.C. Houseman Mecklenborg Secretary Mark Mecklenborg Executive director The American Ceramic Society Westerville, Ohio Fox Sanjay Mathur Director Mathur Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Cologne Cologne, Germany Affatigato Kieffer Wang Mario Affatigato Fran Allison and Francis Halpin Professor of Physics Coe College Cedar Rapids, Iowa John Kieffer Professor University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. Jingyang Wang CAS Distinguished Professor and division head Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Parliamentarian 2018-2021 Stephen Freiman Freiman Consulting Inc. Potomac, Md. Freiman www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 Names in the news | Sudipta Seal, engineering professor and chair of University of Central Florida\'s Department of Materials Science and Engineering, has been named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, one of the oldest chemical societies in the world. Seal Lindsay Tittmann | The Department of Energy\'s Office of Science announced selection of 73 scientists from across the nation-including ACerS members Miaofang Chi and Lucas Lindsay from Oakridge National Laboratory—to receive significant funding for research as part of DOE\'s Early Career Research Program. The National Academy of Inventors has named 54 academic inventors to the spring 2019 class of NAI senior members. Among these are The Pennsylvania State University faculty member Bernhard Tittmann, professor emeritus of engineering science and mechanics and retired Schell Professor in the Materials Research Institute. 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Nominees must be current members who have attained professional eminence because of their achievements in the ceramic arts or sciences, service to the Society, or productive scholarship. W. David Kingery Award recognizes distinguished lifelong achievements involving multidisciplinary and global contributions to ceramic technology, science, education and art. John Jeppson Award recognizes distinguished scientific, technical, or engineering achievements in ceramics. 10 ELTRA CARBOLITE IGERO Qness Retsch AA Retsch VERDER scientific Science for Solids Materialography Hardness Testing Heat Treatment Elemental Analysis Milling & Sieving Particle Analysis Are you looking for innovative, efficient solutions for your ceramic production process? Particle Size and Shape Analysis, Elemental Analysis, Heat Treatment, Microstructural Analysis and Hardness Testing - the Verder Scientific companies offer high-quality solutions combined with expert advice and support service worldwide. Verder Scientific Inc. 11 Penns Trail Suite 300 Newtown PA 18940. USA Phone: +1 866-473-8724 info-us@verder-scientific.com www.verder-scientific.com Greaves-Walker Lifetime Service Award is presented to an individual who has rendered outstanding service to the ceramic engineering profession and who has exemplified the aims, ideals, and purpose of EPDC. Corporate awards Medal for Leadership in the Advancement of Ceramic Technology recognizes individuals, who through leadership and vision in an executive role, have made significant contributions to the success of their organization and in turn have significantly expanded the frontiers of the ceramics industry. Corporate Environmental Achievement Award recognizes an outstanding environmental achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. Corporate Technical Achievement Award recognizes an outstanding technical achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. See also Fulrath industrial awards below. Young professional awards Richard M. Fulrath Awards promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists. The awards recognize individuals for excellence in research and development of ceramic sciences and materials. Nominees must be 45 or younger at the time of award presentation. Karl Schwartzwalder-Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award recognizes an outstanding young ceramic engineer whose achievements have been significant to the profession. A nominee must be between 21 and 40 years of age and must be a member of EPDC and ACerS. Robert L. Coble Award for Young Scholars recognizes an outstanding scientist who is conducting research in academia, in industry, or at a government laboratory. Candidates must be an ACerS member and must be 35 years old or younger. Du-Co Ceramics Young Professional Award is awarded to a young professional member of ACerS who demonstrates exceptional leadership and service to ACerS. Lecture awards Frontiers of Science and Society-Rustum Roy Lecture is presented each year by a nationally or internationally recognized individual in the area of science, industry, or government. The committee selects the lecturer, but suggestions from membership are invited. Edward Orton, Jr. Memorial Lecturer selection is based on scholarly attainments in ceramics or a related field. The committee selects the lecturer, but suggestions from membership are invited. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 GASBARRE POWDER COMPACTION SOLUTIONS GLOBAL SUPPORT TEAM ON-SITE SERVICE Engineered Solutions FOR POWDER COMPACTION Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture recognizes an individual who has made outstanding contributions to ceramic engineering that relate to the processing or manufacturing of ceramic products. The awardee must be a member of EPDC and ACerS. Robert B. Sosman Award is awarded by the Basic Science Division in recognition of outstanding achievement in basic science that results in a significant impact to the field of ceramics. Best paper awards John E. Marquis Memorial Award is presented to the author(s) of the paper on research, engineering, or plant practices relating to manufacturing in ceramics and glass published in the prior calendar year in a publication of the Society, which is judged to be of greatest value to the members and to the industry. Navrotsky Award for Experimental Thermodynamics of Solids awarded biennially to an author who made the most innovative contribution to experimental thermodynamics of solids technical literature during the two calendar years prior to selection. (Next award 2021 for articles published in 2019 or 2020) CNC HYDRAULIC AND ELECTRIC PRESSES Easy to Setup and Flexible for Simple to Complex Parts HIGH SPEED PTX PRESSES Repeatable. Reliable. 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REACTION BONDED SiC & MMCs DIRECTLY POLISHED RB SIC FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MIRRORS ASPHERIC, LASER, AND RIBBED MIRROR SUBSTRATES LARGE 2M SQUARE AI/SIC METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES REACH US AT OPTICALSYSTEMS.SALES@II-VI.COM 951-926-2994 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 11 12 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Accredited Nadcap ANAB Materials Testing Laboratory ACCREDITED ISO/IEC 17025 TESTING LABORATORY materials testing trusted Chemical Testing of Ceramics (Bulk and Trace Analysis) Alumina Boron Carbide Boron Nitride Chrome Oxide Magnesium Oxide Silica Silicon Carbide Titanium Dioxide Zinc Oxide Zirconia Rare Earth Oxides And more... Trust NSL, contact us at NSLanalytical.com/Ceramics or call 877.560.3875 PANSL ANALYTICAL Trust Technology | Turnaround 4450 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128 High alumina kiln furniture and pusher plates for technical ceramics and powder metallurgy • Large portfolio of tooling available for a wide assortment of pressed and cast shapes, such as: - Kiln furniture (Plates, Saggers, Setters, etc) - Pusher plates for pusher furnaces - High performance refactory up to 99.6% alumina • High purity - reduce or eliminate contaminants • Fast turnaround - keep inventories to a minimum Contact us today to learn more (708) 344-7600 E-mail: info@ sunrockceramics.com acers spotlight Awards and deadlines (continued) Ross Coffin Purdy Award recognizes author(s) who made the most valuable contribution to ceramic technical literature during the calendar year two years prior to the year of selection. The 2020 Purdy award is for the best paper published in 2018. Richard and Patricia Spriggs Phase Equilibria Award recognizes author(s) who made the most valuable contribution to phase stability relationships in ceramic-based systems literature during the previous calendar year (2019). Educator and student awards Education and Professional Development Council Outstanding Educator Award recognizes outstanding work and creativity in teaching, in directing student research, or in the general educational process (e.g., lectures, publications) of ceramic educators. Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award recognizes a distinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and glass discipline. Congratulations to Division award recipients Electronics Division Edward C. Henry Award Winning paper: “Electrical and hydrogen reduction enhances kinetics in doped zirconia and ceria: II. Mapping electrode polarization and vacancy condensation in YSZ,\" Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2018, 101:1058-1073 by Yanhao Dong and I-Wei Chen Lewis C. Hoffman Scholarship Connor Chadbourne, Missouri University of Science and Technology. BUY 4.3 GET 4.4 FOR FREE! 43 Produced jointly by ACers and NIST under the ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibria for Ceramics program The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.or NIST ACERS - NIST PHASE EQUILIBRIA DIAGRAMS NIST STANDARD REFERENCE DATABASE 31 SUNROGA Sunrock Ceramics CER A MICS Industrial High-Temperature Solutions 2625 S. 21st Ave Broadview, IL 60155 (708) 344-7600 www.SunrockCeramics.com ONE-TIME FEE: Single-user USB: $1,095 Multiple-user USB: $1,895 PHASE Equilibria Diagrams www.ceramics.org/buyphase www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 STUDENTS AND OUTREACH Winter Workshop 2020 ACerS Winter Workshop 2020 will be held in conjunction with the 44th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC20) in Daytona Beach, Fla. Winter Workshop participants can attend all events of the ICACC, which showcases cutting-edge research and product developments in all aspects of ceramics. The technical program and Industry Expo provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, engineers, students, and industry leaders from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances in ceramic science and technology. For questions about the Winter Workshop, please contact Belinda Raines at braines@ceramics.org. For more information visit www.ceramics.org/winter-workshop-2020. Grad Students: Choose GGRN to advance your career Build an international network of peers within the ceramic and glass community by joining the Global Graduate Researcher Network. GGRN is ACerS membership option that addresses the professional and career development needs of graduate level research students who have a primary interest in ceramics and glass. Membership in GGRN is only $30 USD per year. Visit www.ceramics.org/ggrn to learn how GGRN membership can help you in your future career. You may also contact Yolanda Natividad, ACerS member engagement manager, at ynatividad@ceramics.org if you have any questions. Did you graduate recently? ACerS has a gift for you ACerS Associate Membership connects you to more than 11,000 professionals from more than 70 countries. ACerS can help you succeed by offering you the gift of a FREE Associate Membership for the first year following graduation. Your second year of membership is only $40. Associate members have access to leadership development programs, special networking receptions, volunteer opportunities, and more. Let ACerS make your transition to a seasoned professional easier. Start your free year-long membership by visiting www.ceramics.org/associate or contact Yolanda Natividad, ACerS member engagement manager, at ynatividad@ ceramics.org. 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Contact us today to discuss your next project. mo-sci.com/contact mo.sci CORPORATION www.mo-sci.com 573.364.2338 ISO 9001:2008 • AS9100C American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org @moscicorp f @MoSciCorp linkedin.com/company/moscicorp in 13 PremaTech ADVANCED CERAMICSTM The Experts in Technical Ceramic Machining acers spotlight Q At PremaTech, we machine technical ceramics for a wide range of tough applications in these markets: > Semiconductor > LED > Optics > Medical Device > Aerospace & Defense > R&D All our expertise is under one roof, so we\'re easy to work with and custom specs are our specialty. Learn more at prematechac.com Kilns and Furnace Plants for Debinding and Sintering Made in ■Germany Nabertherm MORE THAN HEAT 30-3000 °C Sophisticated systems for laboratory and production www.nabertherm.com Nabertherm Inc.: 64 Read\'s Way New Castle, DE 19720/USA Tel +1 (302) 322 3665 contact@nabertherm.com CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION CGIF announces students selected as PACK Fellows ACers and the CGIF recently announced that five outstanding students have been selected as recipients of a prestigious PACK Fellowship. The students are Daniel Fortino (Penn State University), Jack Hayden (Penn State University), George Kotsonis (Penn State University), Alexei Matyushov (Northeastern University), and Ryan Thackston (University of Houston). The PACK Fellowship, a collaboration between ACerS, The Pennsylvania State University, and Kiel University in Germany is made possible through a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation for a three-year International Research Experience (IRES). The IRES program supports international research and research-related activities for U.S. science and engineering students and contributes to the development of a diverse, globally engaged workforce with world-class skills. As a PACK Fellow, students will have the unique opportunity to conduct research at Kiel University for a semester. The program provides exposure to broad research areas including magnetoelectric composites, biomagnetic sensing, functional brain imaging, magnetic materials, medical signal processing, neuromorphic devices, and related fields. The Fellowship provides support for travel, lab fees, and boarding. In addition to research, students will have opportunities for participation in peer-to-peer knowledge transfer activities, interdisciplinary seminars, and regularly scheduled retreats. Fellows receive exposure to entrepreneurship training, participate in professional development activities as they interact with researchers from Penn State, and attend annual meetings of The American Ceramic Society and Energy Harvesting Society. ACers and the CGIF are administering the program, managing the student selection process, international network formation and collaboration, and sustainability of the PACK Fellowship. Kiel University is providing a dedicated infrastructure with specialized equipment, which provides a tremendous opportunity for U.S. students and faculty to build a partnership with an excellent cluster of scientists and engineers throughout Europe. Penn State\'s Global Programs organizes and oversees the travel logistics for the students to conduct research activities at Kiel University. Additionally, a substantial number of German students will be visiting U.S. universities, funded and organized through Kiel University. Applications are now being accepted for the next group of students with a deadline of Dec. 6, 2019. An application and additional information is available at the PACK Fellowship website: http://packfellowship.com. 14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 ceramics in manufacturing Ultrathin glass goes ultrawide . . TT TevTech MATERIALS PROCESSING SOLUTIONS Custom Designed Vacuum Furnaces for: CVD SIC Etch & RTP rings CVD/CVI systems for CMC components ⚫ Sintering, Debind, Annealing Journal of Applied Glass Science/Wiley Unsurpassed thermal and deposition uniformity Each system custom designed to suit your specific requirements Laboratory to Production Exceptional automated control systems providing improved product quality, consistency and monitoring Worldwide commissioning, training and service 0.12 mm thick, 4 m wide-how can the float glass process create such a glass? Scientists at the State Key Laboratory for Float Glass in China describe how to determine parameters for the process in their new study. In a recent article, scientists at the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Float Glass in Bengbu, China, report on a float glass process to create ultrathin glass while still retaining large dimensions. Ultrathin glass, defined as glass with thickness less than 0.5 mm, offers a number of benefits in many consumer and commercial applications, notably display glass for electronics and protective glass for photovoltaic solar panels. As demand for these high-tech products grows, so does the need for ultrathin glass. Most commercial manufacturers of ultrathin glass use a gravity-based drawing process where the molten glass flows over or through tooling and is stretched as it drops through the air. However, there are limits to the maximum width of glass sheets that can be formed by these processes, which place these processes at odds with the consumer electronics market demand for larger and larger screens. The most common method for fabricating glass panels with large dimension is the float glass process. In this process, molten glass is floated on top of molten metal (usually tin) and then biaxially stretched using edge or top rollers. The float glass process has a large number of variables to control, includ ing temperature profile along the float bed; length of the various zones in the process; roller position, angle, number and speed; and draw speed. There is little information on determining parameters for a float glass process to manufacture ultrathin glass. Some researchers have developed models for producing ultrathin float glass and others have studied the surface properties of the ultrathin float glass. Few, if any, have coupled the analytical data to production-level experiments. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org www.tevtechllc.com Tel. (978) 667-4557 100 Billerica Ave, Billerica, MA 01862 Fax. (978) 667-4554 sales@tevtechllc.com PPlibrico Refractory Material and Services Centered Around Your Needs Powered by knowledgeable experts with genuine experience 312-337-9000 www.plibrico.com REFRACTORIES ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION 15 16 IG 280 SD Rotary Surface Grinder G 280 S0 IDCM MADE IN THE USA 20HP Variable Speed Grinding Spindle w/ Thru-Spindle Coolant Variable Speed 24\" Table w/ Electromagnetic Chuck Integral Air Mist Collection System DCM Tech Rotary Surface Grinders (800) 533-5339 www.dcm-tech.com Dual Filtered Coolant For Consistent Grinds & Longer Coolant Life Programmable Touchscreen for Ease of Use & Efficiency Customize it Ask about adding features specific for your needs such as: ⚫Dual axis precision cross-slide Custom workholding systems 30HP spindle motor upgrade and more Xemisspro emisspro T-Series CERAMIC TUBE COATING FOR ENERGY SAVING & EFFICIENCY ceramics in manufacturing In their study, the State Key Laboratory researchers provide an easy-to-understand description of the float glass process and processing variables. They base their study on theoretical relationships, such as mass and volume balance equations, and use engineering adjustments for temperature changes and the resulting viscosity changes. The researchers explain the parameters required in each of the three shaping zones: initial flattening, biaxial stretching with the edge rollers, and uniaxial stretching to overcome thickening due to the viscoelastic nature of molten glass. They also discussed optimizing the number, angle, and speed of the rollers so that the linear acceleration of the molten glass stayed within its optimal ranges within the second processing stage. Using the optimized parameters, the researchers produced 0.12-mm-thick glass sheets, nominally 4 m wide with 10% thickness variation across the middle 80% of the sheet. This reported width is substantially larger than widths listed on commercial suppliers\' websites. The technology described in the article is now used at China Triumph International Engineering Co., Ltd. in their production of ultrathin float glass. The paper, published in International Journal of Applied Glass Science, is \"Continuous forming of ultrathin glass by float process\" (DOI: 10.1111/ijag. 13132). Deltech Kiln and Furnace Design, LLC. Maximizing Thermal Efficiency Reducing Slag Deposition Preventing High Temperature Corrosion SERVING THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED NQA-1 COMPLIANT www.texplore.co.th PX PLORE www.dkfdllc.com www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 Oresearch briefsPhase change material switches state without entering liquid phase Researchers from the University of Arizona and RWTH Aachen University in Germany discovered the chalcogenide germanium antimony telluride (Ge₂Sb₂Te) can transition from a glass to a crystal without entering the liquid phase. Ge₂Sb,Te, is a memory phase change material (PCM), or a material that stores data by quickly switching between a glassy phase and a crystal phase. “Optical memories work by switching between the low reflectivity glass bit (0) and the high reflectivity crystal bit (1), while computer memories work by switching between the low conductivity glass bit (0) and the high conductivity crystal bit (1),\" Pierre Lucas, professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Arizona, explains in an email. Compared to conventional dynamic random access memory based on capacitors, which require continuous electrical current to retain memory, PCM memory is often called \"nonvolatile memory\" because it remains permanent when the power NUTEC BICKLEY ENGINEERED THERMAL SOLUTIONS KILNS FOR THE CAP 20-TO CERAMICS INDUSTRY Sanitaryware, Electroporcelain, Refractories, Technical Ceramics, Abrasives, Vitrified Clay Pipe, Ceramic Colors, Ceramic Cores. CONTACT US SERVING CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE www.nutecbickley.com IHEA The American Ceramic Society sales@nutec.com spares@nutec.com Phone: +1 (855) 299 9566 +52 (81) 8151.0800 Memory phase change materials quickly switch between glassy and crystal phases (upper right) to store data on rewritable DVDs. Bottom right shows crystallized dots on an amorphous film as in a DVD. Research News Energy-efficient power electronics: Gallium oxide power transistors with record values Ferdinand-Braun-Institut researchers achieved a breakthrough with transistors based on gallium oxide (beta-Ga₂O). The newly developed beta-Ga₂O₂-MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) have a breakdown voltage of 1.8 kilovolts and a record power figure of merit of 155 megawatts per square centimeter, giving the transistors performance figures close to the theoretical material limit of gallium oxide. Also, the breakdown field strengths achieved are much higher than those of established wide bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon carbide. The researchers achieved these records by tackling layer structure and gate topology. For more information, visit https://www.fv-berlin.de/en/info-for/ the-media-and-public/aktuelles. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Credit: Pierre Lucas CERIX CERAMIC INNOVATIONS AND MORE YOUR PARTNER FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS OFFERING A WIDE RANGE OF TECHNOLOGIES, E.G. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, CIM, AXIAL PRESSING AND FUNCTIONAL COATINGS UNEXPECTED DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES WITH CERAMICS OUR CORE COMPETENCIES IN MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING AND FUNCTIONALIZATION AS BASIS FOR SMART CERAMICS VISIT US: hostl Milano Equipment, Coffee and Food 41st International Hospitality Exhibition October 18-22, 2019 fieramilano SEE YOU AT OUR BOOTH U03-22P www.cerix-ceramics.de formnext International exhibition and conference on the next generation of manufacturing technologies Frankfurt, Germany, 19-22 November 2019 BOSCH Invented for life 17 18 Greenlee Diamond For ALL of your diamond grinding needs Contact us: Telephone: (866) 451-3316 Website: http://www. greenlee diamond.com/ Tool Company Where old fashioned values meet modern day engineering. Innovators since 1946 SERVICING: Iron Foundries Steel Plants Aluminum Plants Electric Power Plants Petrochemical Plants Boiler/Incinerator Facilities Lime Plants Mineral Processing Plants • Cement Plants Pre-Cast Shapes up to 40,000 lbs RRENO REFRACTORIES, INC. PO Box 201 Morris, Alabama 35116 (205) 647-0240 Toll Free: 1-800-741-7366 Fax: 877-991-0001 email: sales@renorefractories.com Conquerors of Heat research briefs is turned off. Additionally, PCMs are extremely fast and can switch in a few nanoseconds for fast computing. To control the switch between glassy and crystal phases requires knowledge of the glass transition temperature (T), or the temperature below which atoms in an undercooled liquid (UCL) transition to a glassy state. Yet Ge₂Sb₂Te, does not exhibit a well-defined T. g The lack of a defined TË for GeSb¿Te has led to contradicting interpretations regarding the state—that is, glassy or UCL– from which the material crystallizes. Lucas and others from professor Matthias Wuttig\'s group at RWTH Aachen University looked to characterize thermodynamic and kinetic signatures of the transition to unambiguously reveal the nature of the phase transition. To characterize both thermal and kinetic signatures, the researchers investigated a broad range of heating rates spanning six orders of magnitude using a combination of conventional and ultrafast differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and FDSC). They combined this information with numerical simulations of crystallization to determine from which state-glassy or UCL-crystallization occurs. They found Ge₂Sb₂Te, crystallizes from the glassy phase below a heating rate of 10,000 K/s. Between 104 and 105 K/s, they saw a transition from glass-like to UCL-like temperature dependence of crystallization. At heating rates greater than 100,000 K/s, crystallization occurs completely from the UCL state. Lucas says their finding is surprising. “Normally you need to raise the temperature above the glass transition in the liquid state to observe crystallization,” Lucas says. “In the case of phase change materials Ge₂SbTe, we found that the glass is so unstable that it can undergo fast crystallization ... [when] it is still technically a solid. This is highly unusual and unexpected from a glass.” The open-access paper, published in Advanced Materials, is \"Switching between crystallization from the glassy and the undercooled liquid phase in phase change material Ge₂Sb,Te,\" (DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900784). Research News Engineers build advanced microprocessor out of carbon nanotubes Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers built a modern microprocessor from carbon nanotube transistors using traditional siliconchip fabrication processes, representing a major step toward making carbon nanotube microprocessors more practical. Research indicates carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) have properties that promise around 10 times the energy efficiency and far greater speeds compared to silicon. But when fabricated at scale, the transistors often come with many defects that affect performance. The processes used by MIT researchers dramatically limited defects and enabled full functional control in fabricating CNFETs. For more information, visit http://news.mit.edu. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 INTRODUCING e.max® Magnonic crystal created using ferromagnet/ superconductor hybrid system In a recent open-access study, researchers from several universities in Russia, the Netherlands, and Germany proved a basic hypothesis: can a magnonic crystal be created using a ferromagnet/superconductor hybrid system? Magnonics refers to an emerging field of magnetism that uses the amplitude and phase of spin-wave signals in magnetic materials to encode data. Magnonics can operate without any electric currents, and spin waves featuring wavelengths in the micrometer and nanometer ranges and gigahertz frequencies (controlled by an external magnetic field) allow creation of compact microdevices. The fundamental building blocks of magnonic devices are magnonic crystals (MCs). There are a variety of approaches to create 1D and 2D MCs, but the researchers of the recent study wanted to test a new approach-creating MCs using a ferromagnet/superconductor hybrid system. Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are antagonistic phenomena while electron pairs in a superconductor align in opposite directions, all spins in ferromagnets align in the same direction. Traditionally, scientists have used ferromagnetism to influence a material\'s superconducting properties because ferromagnetism is considered “stronger\" than superconductivity. Additionally, superconductivity can be destroyed by an external magnetic field and does not exist at room temperature. Recent studies at cryogenic temperatures, though, have increased interest in controlling ferromagnetism with superconductivity. To create a superconducting/ferromagnetic magnonic band system, the researchers placed a superconducting periodic microstructure made of niobium on top of a ferromagnetic nickel-iron (NF2) permalloy (Py) thin film; an aluminum oxide insulating layer deposited between the superconducting and ferromagnetic layers prevented the superconducting proximity effect. The system was then placed in a cryostat to conduct ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) absorption spectroscopy measurements. Researchers improve drug delivery through mesoporous materials Based on previous experimental research on DOX as a model drug, a group of researchers from Guizhou University and Guiyang Vocational and Technical College in Guiyang, China, improved the drug-loading capacity of mesoporous silica by adjusting the pore diameter through surface modification to achieve controlled and targeted release of drugs. The surface was modified by increasing the number of organic functional groups attached to the silica spheres to increase the number of activity sites. The functionalized spheres showed improved effects of different physical and chemical characteristics on drug loading. For more information, visit https://www.eurekalert.org. THE NEXT GENERATION OF ALL-CERAMICS ZirCAD Prime ivoclarvivadent.com For more information, call us at 1-800-533-6825 in the US, 1-800-263-8182 in Canada. ©2019 Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. Ivoclar Vivadent, IPS e.max and ZirCAD are registered trademarks of Ivodar Vivadent, Inc All ceramic, all you need. ivoclar Vivadent: passion vision innovation India\'s leading refractory R&D, technology & training center, recognized by Department of Science & Technology, Govt of India, and with 51 patents to its credit, is calling for partnerships and alliances in the field of: • Raw material R&D (mineral beneficiation & composites) Study & analysis of refractory interaction with different materials in manufacturing of Iron, Steel, Glass, Cement, Copper, Nickel, Aluminum etc. (e.g. simulations, slag-refractory, metal-refractory interaction in different atmospheric conditions) • Physical, chemical, thermo-mechanical, pyro-chemical & mineralogical evaluation including refractory failure analysis Email us at info@dalmiainstitute.in or call +91-9437047606 today! DALMIA INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH Rajgangpur - 770017, Distt. Sundargarh, Odisha, INDIA American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 19 Micro Size Ultra Precision Customized fine ceramic solutions for medical, dental, industrial and electronic markets. ■Ceramic Injection Molding Net Shape Process Micro Tolerances ■ High Strength SPT Roth Ltd 3250 Lyss, Switzerland T +41 32 387 80 80 cim-ch@spt.net >> www.spt.net/cim Bio-Compatible Small Precision Tools Inc. Petaluma, CA 94954, USA T +1 707 765 4545 cim-usa@spt.net Chemically Inert SPT small precision tools research briefs \"Studying the FMR spectrum of the hybrid, we have defined the actual contribution of the superconducting periodic subsystem to magnetization dynamics, that is the diamagnetic response of the superconductor,\" the researchers write in the paper. The FMR spectrum showed two lines, indicating the periodic structure consisted of two bound areas with alternating ferromagnetic resonance conditions. A Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology press release explains the \"ferromagnetic properties were modulated by means of the superconducting structure.\" Following FMR measurements, the researchers performed \"micromagnetic simulations\" to recreate the magnonic band structure and further test how changes in superconductivity control the ferromagnetism. “In general, the proposed metamaterials offer a simple tunability of their dispersions by adjusting geometrical parameters of the superconducting periodic structure, or the orientation of the spin wave propagation,\" they write in the paper. The researchers note that although the results may eventu ally find use in microwave electronics and magnonics, currently the range of potential applications is limited because the system does not work at room temperature. The open-access paper, published in Advanced Science, is \"Ferromagnet/superconductor hybrid magnonic metamaterials\" (DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900435). From inside the body to outer space $ FDA Cleared Spine Implants SINTX Technologies offers a wide array of solutions for tough environments • Silicon Nitride Nb Py Si (a) • Zirconia Ceramics • Ceramic Coatings • Ceramic Composites Contact us today to discuss your next project. 801.839.3521 @SINTXTech Si N customerservice@sintx.com in Linkedin.com/company/sintx SINTX Tx Technologies 1885 W 2100 South Salt Lake City UT 84119 www.sintx.com РУ Nb (b) 2 μm a) A 50-nm-thick permalloy film (shown in orange) is placed on top of the central conducting line of niobium coplanar waveguide (shown in blue). b) Scanning electron microscopy image of the fabricated structure. iy et al., Advanced Science (CC BY 4.0) www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 20 20 ceramics in the environment Carbon nanosprings break down marine microplastic pollution Credit: Florida Sea Grant, Flickr (CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0) A BUEHLER METALLOGRAPHY & HARDNESS TESTING INNOVATIONS SINCE 1936 AutoMet™ Grinder-Polisher WilsonⓇ VH3300 with DiaMet™ Testing Software You may not be able to see them, but microplastic pollution is more ubiquitous than large plastics in marine ecosystems. New research on carbon nanosprings may provide a way to ride the ocean of this harmful trash. A research collaboration between University of Adelaide, Curtin University, Edith Cowan University, and Guangdong University of Technology in China are investigating using tiny coil-shaped carbon-based magnets to break down microplastics. Microplastics are small pieces of plastic debris less than 5 mm in length. Primary microplastics are purposefully made that size (for example, microbeads in body wash) while secondary microplastics begin as large plastics and degrade over time. Many primary microplastics end up in the ocean because wastewater treatment facilities do not filter particles that small. And once in the ocean, those small particles are not collected by many ocean cleanup methods because those methods focus on trapping or collecting large pieces of trash. Methods that break microplastics down into compounds that do not pose a threat to marine ecosystems offer promising approaches to reducing the amount of microplastics in the world\'s oceans. One way to break down microplastics is through a mechanism called advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), a chemical remediation technology involving short-lived chemicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS trigger chain reactions that chop long microplastic molecules into tiny segments that dissolve in water. AOPS have exhibited great capability for breaking down persistent organic pollutants in water, but the heavy metals used to produce ROS create secondary pollution from metal leaching and massive sludge generation, which hinders the practical application of this technique. Carbon nanosprings offer a solution. “Alternatively, metalfree nanocarbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as promising alternatives to metal catalysts in AOPs, owing to their engineered dimensional structure, tunable physicochemical properties, and environmentally benign nature,\" the researchers write in their open-access paper. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Iso Met™ High Speed Precision Cutter Increase Lab Efficiency with High Performance Innovations for the Ceramics Industry www.buehler.com | marketing@buehler.com | 847-295-6500 State EXCITE YOUR MACHINING with the OptiSonic™ Series Ultrasonic Machining Centers: • Available in 500, 800, 1100, & 1200mm of X travel 3, 4, or 5 axis of motion (X, Y & Z standard, B & C optional) . • Advanced IntelliSonic TM technology locks, loads and maintains peak ultrasonic machining performance • Ideal for advanced hard ceramics and optical glasses OPTIPRO www.optipro.com 585-265-0160 sales@optipro.com 21 Matmatch Ceramics suppliers: Reach more than 1 million engineers online Get started for free. Go to: matmat.ch/acers Missouri Refractories Company Inc. Since 1973 \"All your unshaped refractory needs!\" http://www.refractories.net/ 1198 Mason Circle Drive Pevely, MO 63070 MORCO Phone: (636) 479-7770 REFRACTORIES Fax: (636) 479-7773 morco@refractories.net ceramics in the environment However, nanocarbon materials face a trade-off between catalytic performance and stability in an oxidative environment. The researchers resolved this conflict with heteroatom doping (e.g., boron, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous) into the honeycomb structure of bonded carbon atoms (sp² carbons) to create more active sites with enhanced catalytic activity. The researchers created nanocomposites consisting of manganese carbide nanoparticles encapsulated in helically nitrogendoped carbon nanotubes. In just eight hours, the nanocomposites removed a significant fraction of microplastics in water and remained stable in the harsh oxidative conditions needed for microplastics breakdown. The paper, published in Matter, is “Degradation of cosmetic microplastics via functionalized carbon nanosprings” (DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2019.06.004). Rare earth elements extracted from scrapped magnets Extracting critical minerals from e-waste rarely occurs, mainly because companies do not consider the practice economically feasible. In recent years, however, governments have started sponsoring research to develop economical recycling techniques. The Critical Materials Institute (CMI) is an example of a government-sponsored research laboratory. CMI, a Department of Energy institute, was launched in 2013 \"to develop solutions across the materials life cycle as well as reduce the impact of supply chain disruptions and price fluctuations associated with these valuable resources,\" a DOE webpage describes. Led by Ames Laboratory, CMI brings together researchers from four national laboratories, seven universities, and 10 industry partners. In 2018, researchers at the institute devised a method to extract rare earth elements from discarded hard disk drives and turn them into new magnets for other uses. This year, CMI researchers collaborated with scientists from other DOE offices to develop another way to extract rare earth elements. In contrast to the 2018 recycling method, which involved crushing hard disk drive magnets into a powder and then spraying them with a plasma torch, the recent method involves dissolving magnets in nitric acid and filtering the solution through polymer membranes that only let rare earth elements pass through. Processing the resulting rare-earth-rich solution yields rare-earth oxides at purities exceeding 99.5%. The DOE researchers are working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory\'s (ORNL) licensee Momentum Technologies of Dallas to scale the process further to produce commercial batches of rare-earth oxides. (In 2017, Momentum Technologies licensed ORNL\'s 3D-printed magnet technology to produce a 3D-printed magnet made from recycled materials.) 22 22 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 2766HOG OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE. EXCEPTIONAL RELIABILITY. UNRIVALED QUALITY. Extracting rare-earth elements from e-waste can be difficult, but several methods in development could make the process easier. \"The goal is to recover hundreds of kilograms of rare-earth oxides each month and validate, verify and certify that manufacturers could use the recycled materials to make magnets equivalent to those made with virgin materials,\" the ORNL press release says. For more information on the two methods, visit https:// www.ameslab.gov/news/news-releases and https://www.ornl.gov/news. Credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, YouTube Our beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramics excel in applications that require extreme thermal conductivity (exceeding 325 W/m⚫K) combined with electrical resistance. To learn more, visit: materion.com/ceramics Now available in large formats up to 15\" diameter. A MATERION High quality non-oxide ceramic powders At Höganäs, we are ready to partner with you to find the right solution. >> Boron: Amorphous and crystalline >> Borides: TiB₂, ZrB₂ or LaB 2\' >> Carbides: BC, SiC or TiC » Nitrides: Si̟N, AIN, BN, TiN » Silicon, silicides and yttria >> Specialty carbides: Cr₂C₂, VC, Mo₂C and WTIC >> SOFC and SOEC materials: Powders and pastes >>> Other additives for hardmetal solutions www.hoganas.com/ceramics Höganäs H Be Clear About Silica Dust Worried about OSHA\'s respirable silica rules? Capital launches its silica free linings for the iron melting industry Capital has a range of coreless induction furnace linings and other innovative products including: • Speed-Line big block solutions MetCon G filters Contact our experts to learn more about how we can help you: Speed-Line Big Block Solutions infous@capital-refractories.com • +1205 443 7963 CAPITAL REFRACTORIES www.capital-refractories.com fin American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 23 JADCO advances in nanomaterials OVERLAY FOR ALL APPLICATIONS: Industry Leader with Multiple Overlay Chemistries • In-house Fabrication Available • Immediate Delivery for Various Sizes and Thicknesses • Lowest Nickel Content Available in Market Leading the Market Since 1980 APPLICATION FOR AREAS SUCH AS: Hopper Liners, Shaker Liners, Mixer Paddles, Overlay Pipe, Cullet Chutes, Impact and Abrasion Challenge areas CHROMEWELD PREMIUM OVERLAY PROTECTION 100% AMERICAN MADE JADCO Manufacturing, Inc. P.O. Box 465 Zelienople, PA 16063 p: 724-452-5252 f: 724-452-1318 JADCOMFG.COM MAGNECO/METREL Monolithic Kiln Car with METPUMP® ASX 40 S ASX 40-5 www.Magneco-Metrel.com h-BN more amenable to bonding after reduction reaction Thanks to a protocol developed by Rice University chemists, it is now much simpler to add carbon chains to hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). h-BN is a 2D material that is reportedly four timers stiffer than steel; has a thermal conductivity of 600 W/(m K) for a single layer, which makes it a good thermal conductor; and has a wide band gap of 5.9 eV, a characteristic not found in carbon nanomaterials and makes it a good electrical insulator. These properties, in addition to pronounced chemical and thermal stabilities, make h-BN an ideal additive for composites to enhance their properties. However, these same properties make it difficult to manufacture functional h-BN. \"...To control [h-BN\'s] properties for manufacturing, you have to graft different groups onto the surface,\" Angel Martí, associate professor of chemistry, bioengineering, and materials science and nanoengineering at Rice University, says in a Rice University press release. The tight hexagonal lattice that composes h-BN, which creates its chemical and thermal stabilities, also makes h-BN highly resistant to change. This resistance makes it difficult to use h-BN as an additive because it will not bond easily with other elements. (In contrast, other 2D materials like graphene can be easily modified.) Several methods to functionalize h-BN include reactions in autoclaves and sonication-assisted and plasma-assisted methods. Yet one method-functionalization via reductive conditions-merits further exploration. \"The reduction of nanomaterials has proven to be a powerful way to modify their properties, given that reduced species present enhanced reactivity toward a variety of molecules,\" Rice University chemists write in a recent paper. The Rice University chemists, including Martí, previously experimented with using a particular reduction method, the Billups-Birch reaction, to functionalize BN nanotubes. Now, in their recent work, the chemists looked to see if that same method would functionalize h-BN as well. They mixed h-BN flakes and a carbon source (1-bromododecane) with varying amounts of lithium, an alkali metal that sheds free electrons when combined with liquefied ammonia. The resulting reaction produced an alkyl radical, a chain of carbon atoms that reacted with h-BN and formed a bond. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, the researchers determined the highest degree of functionalization is obtained when using a BN to lithium molar ratio of 1:20. They then prepared films with h-BN and functionalized h-BN (fh-BN) 1:20 to compare each film\'s affinity to water. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 24 24 Credit: Angel Martí group, Rice University IPS CERAMICS USA INVESTMENT CASTING PLUGS • Effectively Covers Pattern Assembly Vent Holes • Highly Stable & Resistant to Heat • Available in Many Shapes, Sizes, Materials & Finishes . • Adaptable to a Wide Range of Industry Applications • Competitively Priced CONTACT US m.jackson@ipsceramics.com | 704 897 3775 | www.ipsceramics.com in IPS Ceramics Ltd @IPSCeramics @IPSCeramicsltd 100 nm A flake of functionalized hexagonal boron nitride created at Rice University, as seen under a transmission electron microscope. \"While the angle of water in contact with the h-BN film indicates a hydrophilic surface, the angle on fh-BN is characteristic of a very hydrophobic surface,\" they write in the paper. In other words, the fh-BN sheets could serve as convenient waterrepelling transparent coatings. In the press release, Martí says the modified Billups-Birch reaction process is the best method to functionalize h-BN found so far. Additionally, because the base h-BN remains stable under high temperatures, fh-BN can be returned to h-BN by simply burning off the functional chains. In the future, the chemists plan to explore what other kinds of molecules can be grafted onto h-BN. \"What about benzene groups? What about ethers? What about groups that will make it compatible with other materials?\" Martí says. “Ultimately, we\'d like to graft different groups onto h-BN and build a library, kind of a toolbox, of functional groups that can be used with these materials.\" The paper, published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, is \"Tunable alkylation of white graphene (hexagonal boron nitride) using reductive conditions\" (DOI: 10.1021/acs. jpcc.9b05416). EQUIPCeramic Behind every great product, there is a great project. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Turnkey brick and roof tile plants Ctra. de La Pobla, 64 - 08788 Vilanova del Camí Barcelona (Spain) info@equipceramic.com Tel. +34 93 807 07 17 - Fax +34 93 807 07 20 www.equipceramic.com 25 26 Credit: Yamauchi et al., Joumal of the American Ceramic Society/Wiley ADVANCED SELEE CERAMICS Quality Products. Lasting Performance. Crucibles & Ladles Thermal Processing Kiln Furniture 24 West End Drive Gilberts, IL 60136 USA 800-756-8794 www.seleeac.com Level Up JRS Your Ceramics! HIGH FUNCTIONAL PROCESS ADDITIVES made of Plant Based Raw Materials J. RETTENMAIER USA LP RS bersigned by Nature® A Member of the JRS Group Plant Based Raw Material info@jrsusa.com www.jrs-ceramics.com ceramics in energy Alternatives to lithium-all-solid-state sodiumion battery Researchers from Nippon Electric Glass and Nagaoka University of Technology produced an all-solid-state sodiumion battery that operates at atmospheric pressure. Na-ion batteries offer an alternative to lithi um-ion batteries, which are vulnerable to thermal runaway. Sodium, which is directly below lithium on the periodic table, has high energy density and is a significantly more abundant element than lithium. Though current Na-ion batteries operate at high temperatures of 300-350°C, which is not practical for transportation and not desirable for utilityscale electricity storage, operation temperature is expected to decrease as research continues. Lithium is not the only element from which batteries can be made. A sodium-ion battery lights up this LED. Materials for the cathode, electrolyte, and anode of all-solidstate Na-ion batteries are known and the subject of research for quite some time. However, there has been limited success assembling these materials into a practical, low-temperature solid-state battery. The research by Nippon Electric Glass and Nagaoka University of Technology is significant on many fronts, including 1. The electrolyte and glass-ceramic cathode materials are low cost and readily available, and can be cofired at 550°C (a relatively low temperature) and assembled into a standard button battery format, 2. The resulting battery is stable with no cathode delamination and minimal capacity loss when tested for over 600 charge-discharge cycles, 3. The energy density is approaching that of Li-ion batteries in their nonoptimized cell, and 4. It recovers from overcharging (one of the causes of Li-ion battery fires) with minimal decrease in performance. The researchers discuss the structure and electrochemistry of their cathode material with respect to firing conditions and cell operating conditions. They also point to future research to determine the mechanisms that lead to the good performance of the cathode and to optimize the battery construction. The paper, published in Journal of the American Ceramic Society, is \"Pressureless all-solid-state sodium-ion battery consisting of sodium iron pyrophosphate glass-ceramic cathode and ẞ\" alumina solid electrolyte composite\" (DOI: 10.1111/jace.16607). www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 2020 MRS SPRING MEETING & EXHIBIT April 13-17, 2020 | Phoenix, Arizona Abstract Submission Opens September 26, 2019 CALL FOR PAPERSE Abstract Submission Deadline October 31, 2019 Spring Meeting registrations include MRS Membership July 1, 2020 – June 30, 2021 ENERGY, STORAGE AND CONVERSION CHARACTERIZATION AND THEORY CT01 Artificial Intelligence for Material Design, Processing and Characterizations CT02 Halide PerovskitesEN01 Next Steps for Perovskite Photovoltaics and Beyond EN02 Caloric Materials for Sustainable Cooling Applications From Lead-Free Materials to Advanced Characterization and Deposition Approaches CTO3 Expanding the Frontiers of Actinide Materials Science EN03 EN04 Through Experiment and Theory Solar-Energy Conversion for Sustainable Water-Energy-Environmental Nexus Dual-Ion Batteries as an Emerging Technology for Sustainable Energy Storage— Anion Storage Materials and Full Dual-Ion Battery Devices CT04 Tailored Interphases for High Strength and Functional CompositesEN05 Advances in Experiments, Simulations and Al-Based Design EN06 CT06 CT05 Defects, Order and Disorder in Structural and Functional Fluorite-Related Compounds Local and Global Fluctuations in Plasticity EN07 CT07 Micro-Assembly Technologies and Heterogeneous Integration— Fundamentals to Applications CT08 Crystallization via Nonclassical Pathways in Synthetic, Biogenic and Geologic Environments ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS EL01 EL02 EL03 EL04 EL05 EL06 EL07 EL08 EL09 EL10 EL11 EL12 EL13 EL14 Surfaces and Interfaces in Electronics and Photonics Advanced Manufacturing of Mixed Dimensional Heterostructures Novel Approaches and Material Platforms for Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction, Plasmonics and Metasurfaces Materials for Nonlinear and Nonreciprocal Photonics Scalable Photonic Material Platforms-Applications and Manufacturing Advances Photonic Materials for Information Processing and Computing Fundamental Mechanisms and Materials Discovery for Brain-Inspired Computing— Theory and Experiment Neuromorphic Materials and Devices for Bioinspired Computing and Artificial Intelligence Phase-Change Materials for Electronic and Photonic Nonvolatile Memory and Neuro-Inspired Computing Electroactive Ceramics for Information Technologies and Flexible Electronics Lead-Free Ferroelectrics and Their Emerging Applications Ferroic Materials and Heterostructures for Electronics and Data Storage Processing, Microstructure and Multifunctioning of Organic Semiconductors New Materials Design for Organic Semiconductors Through Multimodel Characterization and Computational Techniques EL15 Ultra-Wide Bandgap Materials, Devices and Systems Meeting Chairs Qing Cao University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Miyoung Kim Seoul National University Rajesh Naik Air Force Research Laboratory EN08 Low-Cost Aqueous Rechargeable Battery Technologies Rational Designed Hierarchical Nanostructures for Photocatalytic System Next-Generation Electrical Energy Storage-Beyond Intercalation-Type Lithium Ion Multivalent-Based Electrochemical Energy Storage EN09 Flow-Based Open Electrochemical Systems EN10 Emerging Inorganic Semiconductors for Solar-Energy Conversion EN11 Materials, Modeling and Technoeconomic Impacts for Large-Scale Hydrogen and Energy Applications EN12 Materials for Safe and Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Storage NANOSCALE AND QUANTUM MATERIALS NM01 Nanodiamonds-Synthesis, Properties and Applications NM02 Colloidal Nanoparticles-From Synthesis to Applications NM03 Nanomanipulation of Materials NM04 Nanosafety NM05 1D Carbon Electronics-From Synthesis to Applications NM06 Theory and Characterization of 2D Materials— Bridging Atomic Structure and Device Performance NM07 Two-Dimensional Quantum Materials Out of Equilibrium NM08 2D Atomic and Molecular SheetsElectronic and Photonic Properties and Device Applications NM09 Layered van der Waals HeterostructuresSynthesis, Physical Phenomena and Devices NM10 Synthesis, Properties and Applications of 2D MXenes NM11 Topological and Quantum Phenomena in Oxides and Oxide Heterostructures NM12 Synthesis and Control of Dirac or Topological Materials SOFT MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS SM01 Organ-on-a-Chip-Toward Personalized Precision Medicine SM02 Progress in Open-Space MicrofluidicsFrom Nanoscience, Manufacturing to Biomedicine SM03 Flexible, Stretchable Biointegrated Materials, Devices and Related Mechanics SM04 Fundamental Materials, Devices and Fabrication Innovations for Biointegrated and Bioinspired Electronics SM05 Engineered Functional Multicellular Circuits, Devices and Systems SM06 Soft Organic and Hybrid Materials for Biointerfacing— Materials, Processes and Applications SM07 Bioinspired Synthesis and Manufacturing of Materials SM08 Emerging Strategies and Applications in Drug Delivery SM09 Advances in 3D Printing for Medical Applications FOLLOW THE MEETING! ☑ #S20MRS James M. Rondinelli Northwestern University Hong Wang Southern University of Science and Technology MRS MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYⓇ Advancing materials. Improving the quality of life. mrs.org/spring2020 Don\'t Miss These Future MRS Meetings! 2020 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit November 29-December 4, 2020, Boston, Massachusetts 2021 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit April 19-23, 2021, Seattle, Washington 上海帷子公极 XXXX 大药房 430 現公司 OPTICAL 京都念慈案 A. 19.BM RIC مطورة 載一張國戰 First Foodrall MIDO ARRE 65 夏光车 Clo Sighting 器 O bulletin Cover story CHINATradition and transformation China pursues technological advances that can disrupt global markets and its own economy By Alex Talavera and Randy B. Hecht As both government and global expectations make innovation a precedence over the traditional value of stability, private industry and entrepreneurs are increasingly taking the lead to meet science and technology objectives. Its more a sixth. ts people represent more than a sixth of ence and technology areas and even in factories that employ unskilled workers, it faces a labor shortage. Its current economic strength relies in part on factors and strategies that it will need to remake-if not scuttle entirely—to achieve its future performance targets. And while the government\'s policies still play to the interests of state-owned enterprises, private industry and entrepreneurs are increasingly taking the lead in meeting the objectives outlined in successive five-year plans. As innovation moves to take precedence over the more traditional value of stability, China\'s science and technology community finds itself living in interesting times. Pursuing energy imperatives Within the materials science sector, research and development responds to a mix of demands to promote growth and adhere to government policy. To achieve a more technologydriven economy, China\'s \'s policymakers identified seven strategic emerging industries. The list includes energy efficient and environmental technologies; next-generation information tech28 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 Capsule summary NEW VALUES To achieve a more technology-driven economy, China\'s policymakers identified seven strategic emerging industries that place innovation over stability. This expectation shapes both industry and academic research pursuits. nology; biotechnology; high-end equipment manufacturing; new energy; new materials; and new-energy vehicles. \"Therefore, energy materials, environmental material, advanced structural materials, and functional materials are of the first priority in China\'s next development in materials science engineering,\" says professor Fei Chen of Wuhan University of Technology in an interview. For Chen and his colleagues, those needs translate to an expectation that their work will promote innovation that conforms to government policy and national priorities. “Our research focus is on new energy, such as composite solid electrolyte and all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries; grid-scale energy storage systems, such as liquid metal batteries; and additive manufacturing,\" he says. China\'s government established ambitious performance standards in these areas. For example, “By the year 2030, 40 percent of automobiles in China will be new energy automobiles,\" Chen says. And that, in tandem with the government roadmap for energy saving, foreshadows rapid growth in the lithium-ion battery market in the coming decades. Chen is concerned with resolving the safety concerns and energy density constraints that prevent current battery technology from meeting these demands. He is collaborating with local industry to create next-generation safe, high-energy, high-density solid-state battery applications for new energy vehicles. \"One of our areas of research in new energy focuses on composite solid electrolyte and all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Currently, the research group is implementing pilot production of solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries, collaborating with Smoothway Inc. in Shuhai City, Guangdong Province,\" he says. “That is my work, and I think it is in agreement with China\'s development policy.\" BALANCING EXPECTATIONS Global markets with competing or conflicting priorities regarding energy savings and environmental concerns challenge China\'s competitive edge. Cross-border teamwork may encourage innovation, but it also stimulates a more capitalist mindset. Economy and environment Changes in global expectations and standards are also having an impact on industrial fortunes in China. The abrasives sector is a case in point. Rex Hadley, sales director for the Americas at Abrasives.com, notes that as North American and European countries impose limits on production and enact new environmental regulations, those controls \"make it either not pos sible or simply very expensive to extract, process, and produce these abrasives.\" \"Companies end up not doing it or have to sell at a high price. Whereas in China, let\'s say some of these restrictions are a bit more lax,\" he adds. However, Hadley sees China\'s abrasives producers\' market advantage diminishing. \"The Chinese government has been increasing their regulations on environmental impact,\" he says. \"Prices have been going up directly as a result of that.\" THE GREATEST ASSET As China seeks equilibrium between stability and startup potential, size may be its greatest asset. China can afford to pursue technology advances without abandoning customers who still require less-developed solutions. The company\'s CEO, Dever Yang, envisioned the website as a kind of Alibaba that serves the abrasives industry exclusively. A trader whose focus has always been export markets, he parlayed his relationships with producers in China to create the site, which charges suppliers a membership fee. \"A lot of producers in China don\'t have access to the foreign markets and customers,\" Hadley says. And because margins are fairly low and the industry relies on volume business, they see advantages to having a presence on a sector-specific site. Amid growing global consciousness of environmental concerns, this approach may be part of a strategy for maintaining China\'s competitive edge and price-to-quality ratio in abrasives. Old school vs. new markets Other industries are also navigating a balancing act between markets with competing or conflicting priorities Fei Chen and his students at Wuhan University of Technology study new energy technologies to promote innovation that agrees with government policy and national priorities. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 29 Credit Fei Chen CHINA Tradition and transformation China pursues technological advances that can disrupt . . . A view of Chongqing Central Business District from across Jialing River. Chongqing is the fastest-growing city in the world, in part because the Chongqing government was among the first local governments to encourage entrepreneurship. regarding energy savings and environmental concerns. Weifang Renhe Special Ceramics Co., Ltd. makes silicon carbide products for customers in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and North America. Xu Han, manager of the foreign trade department, estimates that \"95 percent of the kilns in the world are using reaction bonded silicon carbide. There are The Chinese Academy of Sciences some higher-temperature ones for special ceramics, using nitro bonded. Some are with crystallized SiC, some are sintered SiC. Some countries, such as India or Pakistan, are still using the regular SiC or the older material, which is much cheaper. But those countries really don\'t care about energy saving.\" The company must maintain its work with those materials because it comA global outlook on innovation, cooperation, and commercialization Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People\'s Republic of China on October 1, 1949. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was founded one month later—an early indicator of the priority the government placed on \"driving national technological innovation.\" Its research focus encompasses \"most areas of basic science and technology as well as strategic advanced technology and areas related to the public welfare and the development of emerging industries.\" To get a sense of the Academy\'s size and scope, consider that its Guide to CAS, published in 2014 and accessible online in PDF format, runs 138 pages. Included within its gargantuan structure are 104 research institutes, 12 branch academies, and 11 supporting organizations. In total, there are more than 1,000 CAS labs, engineering centers, and other sites throughout the country. The main CAS website provides links to each of the research bodies. Its staff of 67,900 includes approximately 56,000 research professionals, of whom some 22,800 are research professors. To develop future generations of scientists, it maintains an affiliation with the University of Science and Technology of China, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Tech University. Graduates of these programs include to date more than 86,000 masters and 65,000 Ph.D. recipients. CAS charted its future in 2011 with the launch of CAS Innovation 2020, which \"aims to further promote innovation ... to turn scientific discoveries into technologies that power economic growth and sustainable development\" and to \"improve the quality of research by supporting risky and long-term projects Juukeihc, Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) mands an estimated 70% of the existing market in India. As in China, that market is set for substantial expansion. “New factories are building nonstop, and the technologies in China and India are behind,\" Han says. “So, more technologies need to be developed and new materials need to be developed in order to save energy, save labor, cut costs. We\'re trying to catch up with the factories in the U.S., Germany, Italy, Poland, to see what they\'re doing so we can bring it back to China or bring it to India.\" Weifang Renhe Special Ceramics has seen demand increase \"significantly” in the past five to 10 years, but \"even where you have strong demand, you don\'t depend on that to continue indefinitely,\" Han notes. \"For silicon carbide, after five years the price will drop, because more factories for silicon carbide are coming right now in China. One material or technology can be used for maybe 10 years, but after 10 years, if you don\'t come up with a new thing, other people may find something else to replace you.\" Among the recent developments in China are form ceramic wall panels-light, environmentally-friendly alternatives to traditional building materials like bricks. \"It\'s old technology, but it\'s been super and encouraging scientists to study the frontiers of knowledge.\" While the Academy\'s evaluation system once prioritized number and quality of scientific papers, it now assesses research \"based on its innovativeness and potential to benefit society.\" To that end, CAS has established science parks in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou \"to turn basic research into marketable technologies, especially in the areas of information technology, space science, renewable energy, and health.\" It notes that \"in 2014 alone, over 700 CAS spin-off companies\" grossed RMB 350 billion (equivalent to $56 billion). \"Innovation 2020 has already launched projects on nuclear fusion and nuclear-waste management, materials science, information technology, public health and the environment,\" the Academy notes. \"Furthermore, it has commenced research to calculate the flux of carbon between land, oceans and the atmosphere. In its drive to develop clean nuclear energy, CAS has also started a project to develop a thorium-fueled molten-salt nuclear reactor, which aims to offer an alternative, environmentally safe source of energy.\" The organization notes that its strategy has long emphasized the pursuit of innovation that draws on research, education, interdisciplinary and cross-sector cooperation. International collaboration is a cornerstone of this strategy, and its cross-border ventures span Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. U.S. partners include the National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. A full list of its international cooperation partners may be found on the CAS website, www.cas.cn. 30 30 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 popular in China for the past one or two years, because the Chinese government is paying factories a lot of money to develop this technology,\" Han says. Those factories\' kilns use silicon carbide, and the company is working with two of the three biggest factories in the sector. \"Everything is new,\" he says. \"The kiln is new. The technology is new. The shape of the silicon carbide product we also had to develop, we had to do R&D with the customer. We had to work together to find out the size of the material, the lens, the thickness, the shape—everything is brand new. So, there\'s lot of new technology and lots of new developments.\" Weifang Renhe Special Ceramics participates in Ceramics Expo and exhibitions in Germany and Italy each year to stay abreast of emerging trends and technologies. Among its current interests is sintered silicon carbide. \"For our company, this is definitely a new technology that we need to experience more with other companies, lab services, to develop the thickness, the shape, for our cus tomer,\" Han says. \"Another technology we want to develop for our company is nitro bonded silicon carbide. That\'s the next technology we need to go into.\" The labor conundrum Ambitions at this scale require an extensive workforce of skilled and unskilled labor, and China faces unusual challenges in that regard. Because it is sometimes playing technological catch-up, the country has relied on visiting scholars and “strategic scientists\" to work at its universities and institutes to train the next generation of STEM professionals. Based on his experiences at his university, Chen regards having foreign researchers teach students a positive move. He believes scientific research \"should have no border\" and that regardless of political tensions between countries, “in scientific research, we need to do more collaborative work\" on behalf of \"a community of shared future for mankind, not only the community of China.\" His team has collaborated on additive manufacturing projects with professor Enrique J. Lavernia of the University of California, Irvine, who is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. Another collaboration partner is professor Takashi Goto of Tohoku University in Japan, who has worked with Chen\'s team on projects related to advanced thin films and coating technology using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. This cross-border teamwork may encourage not only innovation but also a more capitalist mindset. Chen is conscious of his work\'s being \"in agreement with China\'s development policy,\" and Han sees opportunity in kilns used in government-subsidized factories. But a new generation of students is finding motivation in the pursuit of personal Ürümqi Xining Lanzhou Xiane Changchun Shenyang BEIJING Dalian Bo Hai Taiyuan Yantai Qingdao Yellow Sca Nanjing Suzhou Hefei Chengdu Wuhan Lushan Changsha Guiyang Kunming Xishuangbanna Guangzhou Shenzhen Locations of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutes throughout China. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org Shanghai Ningbo East China Sea Narning Chiwei Yi Fuzhoue Diaoyu Dao Xiamen Taiwan Dao Dongsha Qundao South China Sea Hainan Dao Dimpla Quadr Hako Hainan Dae Xisha Qundao Yonging Dar Zhongsha Quindas Hagian De South Chi Se Narsha Quida Zeng Arche 31 Credit Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA Tradition and transformation China pursues technological advances that can disrupt. . . wealth. The push to pursue entrepreneurialism is a decided shift from old university standards that regarded their volumes of published paper output as the greatest measure of performance. Today, \"most of our students have greater interest in research that is viable commercially,\" Chen says. But he does not see the current science and engineering curriculum, education, and training fulfilling the development needs that will evolve in the coming decades, either domestically or globally. He advocates educational reform to resolve that challenge. Individualism is also rising among students who want to \"do something MARKET SNAPSHOT Globalization giant The world trade dominator pins its growth ambitions on increased innovation and domestic consumption. The fourth-largest country by area in the world— just after the United States and before Brazil― China is a land of complex cultures and climates. It shares its border with 15 countries, and its territory stretches from the tropical south (at the crossing into Laos) to the subarctic north (where it juts into Siberia). Within that sprawling land mass live 1.43 billion people, which is more than a sixth of the planet\'s total. But population density runs at extremes from west to east. The World Factbook notes that an \"overwhelming majority ... is found in the eastern half of the country.\" Six Chinese cities are home to more than 10 million people: the populations of Shenzhen, Tianjin, Guangdong, Chongqing, Beijing, and Shanghai number 11.9, 13.2, 12.7, 14.8, 19.6, and 25.6 million, respectively. While the total working-age (15-64) population is estimated at over 1 billion, the labor force stands at a mere 806.7 million. Services employ 43.5%, with the remainder divided almost evenly between industry (28.8%) and agriculture (27.7%). Services generate 51.6% of GDP, followed by 32 they are interested in,” Chen says. “They would like to maybe start up their own business after they graduate. The number is still very small, but it grows. And the Chinese government encourages them to do more startup companies and try to use their knowledge to open their own business. I think the number will increase gradually.” But if those startups flourish and more graduates are drawn to commercial ventures, the country will remain reliant on foreign STEM professors to train succeeding generations of students. Meanwhile, factories face their own challenges in attracting and retaining employees. Han estimates that his company\'s workforce averages about 45 years industry (40.5%) and agriculture (7.9%). The industrial production growth rate was an estimated 6.1% in 2017, and China ranks as the world leader in gross value of industrial output. And GDP is a monster by any measure. In 2017, China\'s purchasing power parity GDP was an estimated $23.21 trillion that is $16,700 per capita―up from $21.72 trillion in 2016. What is more, Gross National Saving was 45.8% of GDP in 2017. Leading industries include mining and ore processing; iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizer; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, railcars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment; commercial space launch vehicles; and satellites. China is also the planet\'s number one force in foreign trade and operates at a trade surplus. In 2017 its exports, calculated on an exchange rate basis, totaled $2.2 trillion against $1.7 trillion in imports. The top export targets are the U.S., Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea, while primary import sources are South Korea, Japan, the U.S., Germany, and Australia. Imports from China to the U.S. are more than double U.S. exports to China. Leading exports include electrical and other machinery, including computers and telecommunications equipment, apparel, furniture, and textiles. On the import side, the list comprises electrical and other machinery (including integrated circuits and other computer components), oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, motor vehicles, and soybeans. The government issued its latest Five-Year Plan in 2016, when it prioritized increased innovation and domestic consumption \"to make the economy less dependent on government investment, exports, and heavy industry,\" The World Factbook notes. \"However, China has made more progress on subsidizing innovation than rebalancing the econin age. Younger people, including new graduates, want to live and work in cities, and factories for the most part are located just outside those urban areas. And that is driving salaries upward for \"basic labor\" as well as engineers and other skilled professionals-a class of employees who are paid \"a lot more to keep them in the factory so they don\'t go to other companies with our technology.\" Strength in numbers And so it goes in China as the country seeks its equilibrium between stability and startup potential. In that, size may be its greatest asset. Unlike smaller countries that are forced to jettison fadomy. Beijing has committed to giving the market a more decisive role in allocating resources, but the Chinese Government\'s policies continue to favor state-owned enterprises and emphasize stability.\" The Export.gov China Country Commercial Guide provides further market details and resources. It also published introductions to the market opportunities available in rapidly growing \"second-tier cities\" in China, including Chongqing the world\'s fastest-growing city— as well as Dalian, Hangzhou, Harbin, Kunming, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Xiamen, Xi\'an, and Zhuhai. The Asian Development Bank maintains a database of projects in China that you can search for bidding opportunities and offers a procurement resource to assist in pursuing business. Additional information, support, and resources are available through the United States of AmericaChina Chamber of Commerce (which has domestic offices in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York), China General Chamber of Commerce-USA, the US-China Business Council, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce China Center. A natural resource repository As you would expect, a land mass as big as China\'s yields extensive natural resources. They include coal, iron ore, helium, petroleum, natural gas, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, ferrosilicon, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, lithium, mercury, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, antimony, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, and uranium. China also boasts the world\'s greatest hydropower potential, a prospective environmental and economic advantage for what The World Factbook calls \"the world\'s largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.\" www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 ing industries or technologies as they are replaced with newer advances, China can afford to pursue technology advanc es without abandoning customers who still require less-developed solutions. Those solutions may not represent the country\'s future, but they still generate a respectable contribution to its export volume and GDP. And they do not stand in the way of innovation-witness the hundreds of entrepreneurial ventures that have emerged from research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (see sidebar). Since last year, that organization and its affiliated institutes have announced such breakthroughs as: • Fabrication of fine-grained pure YO, transparent ceramic with improved mechanical and thermal performance, by a research team led by professor Zhang Long of the Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Lasers at Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics. Long also led a research team that successfully fabricated a high transmittance yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) planar waveguide (PWG) composite structure without pores on the bonding interface by two-step sintering process. • A new composite material that is highly effective in cleaning water contaminated by organics, developed by a team led by Huang Fuqiang, chief researcher at the Shanghai Institute. • A new ceramic aerogel that can be used in thermal insulation developed by a team of researchers from China and the U.S., that has strong mechanical and thermal stability, and scores well in transformation and toughness. • Fabrication of a Cu₂Se/ 12 Yb03 Co Sb₁ thermoelectric module with eight n-type Ni/Ti/Yb03C04Sb12 legs and eight p-type Ni/Mo/Cu₂Se legs that achieved a high energy conversion efficiency of 9.1% and excellent service stability. Scientists from the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and Northwestern University based the advance on highperformance liquid-like materials. • Completion of the world\'s first ceramic manufacturing experiment under microgravity by scientists at the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization. The team used digital light processing technology, an additive manufacturing technique that is already in widespread use but was not thought to work in microgravity. The experiment was conducted aboard a European parabolic flight aircraft in Switzerland, and the team also tested a metal casting technique using 3D printed ceramic molds. China continues to court exchanges with scientists and researchers from other countries as well as partners in commercial ventures and foreign trade. Its sheer size promises opportunity in a market that is still a long way from realizing its full expansion potential. Directory of Chinese companies, institutes, universities, and publications Chinese Academy of Sciences Address: 52 Sanlihe Rd., Xicheng District, Beijing 100864 Phone: 86 10 6859-7521 (day) 86-10-6859-7289 (night) Fax: 86 10 6851-1095 (day) 86-10-6851-2458 (night) Email: cas_en@cas.cn Website: http://english.cas.cn See sidebar on page 30 for a full profile of the organization. Also note that the \"day\" and \"night\" notations for phone and fax numbers are as indicated on the website. For calls made during U.S. business hours, use the \"night\" numbers. Institutes under the Chinese Academy of Sciences umbrella include • Academy of Opto-Electronics, • Institute of Metal Research, • Advanced Ceramics and Composites Division, • National Center for Science and Technology, • Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, • Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, and • Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics. CORPORATIONS 2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd. Address: No. 6 Xiangyun Road, Wujin Economical Development Zone, Changzhou, Jiangsu Phone: 86 0519 8168-7925 Email: cz2d@2dcarbon.com.cn Website: http://www.cz2dcarbon.com/en/index.asp Arknano Shanghai Feibo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Address: 4-3F-82#, No. 9 Longcheng Road Damian Longquanyi district Chengdu Phone: 86 21 5895-5608 Email: blinkzeng@gmail.com Website: http://www.arknano.com Astral Material Industrial Co., Ltd. Address: Rm. 2303 Block 1 JunNing Bldg., No.213 FuNing Road, ChanCheng Dist. FoShan, Guangdong Phone: 86 757 8303-0798 Fax: 86 757 8270-1478 Email: info@amic.biz Website: http://www.amic.biz The company is focused on thermal and structural ceramics and metal-nonmetal composites manufactured using a high temperature sintering technique. It serves customers throughout the world within a variety of industries, including building materials (tile, mosaic, sanitaryware, tableware ceramic), advanced ceramics, glass, semiconductors, petroleum oil, energy, chemical, mining, metallurgy foundry, and thermal engineering. Beijing Goodwill Metal Address: RM6B15, Huajie Mansion, Haidian, Beijing Phone: 86 10 8212-0929 Fax: 86 10 8212-3929 Email: sales@goodwillmetal.co/service@goodwillmetal.co Website: http://www.goodwillmetal.co Chengdu Alpha Nano Technology Address: 503, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 Phone: 86 28 6648-6191 Email: Ihr1118@gmail.com Website: http://www.nanotubes.cn/default_nanopowder.htm Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd. Address: No.16, South section 2, the first Circle road, Chengdu 610041 Phone: 86 28 8523-6765 Email: carbon@cioc.ac.cn Website: http://www.timesnano.com/en Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd. is a holding company of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and, according to its website, \"the base of Chinese high technology research development and industrialization officially assigned by the Chinese government.\" Its focus is on the areas of catalytic technology and green process, chiral technology and engineering, polymer functional materials, and new energy materials. In addition to sales throughout most of China, the company exports to the United States, Germany, Denmark, Italy, India, and other foreign markets. It is also the parent company of Time Nano. EPRUI Biotech Co. Ltd. Address: A9101, No. 8 Shen Bei Road, Ming Hang District, Shanghai Phone: 86 21 6419-2663 WeChat/Whatsapp: 86 138 1719-9526 E-mail: sales@epruibiotech.com/nano-biz@hotmail.com Website: https://www.epruibiotech.com A monodisperse microspheres supplier, the company\'s American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 33 33 CHINA Tradition and transformation China pursues technological advances that can disrupt . . . Directory of Chinese companies, institutes, universities, and publications product lines include polymer polystyrene, PS/DVB, PMMA, SiO2, fluorescent polystyrene, dyed, and conductive microspheres as well as monodisperse magnetic beads. These microspheres are characterized by precise particle size, narrow particle size distribution, perfect spherical morphology, and optimized pore size. FCC Inc. Full company name: Hangzhuou Sino-Holding Chemicals Co. Ltd. Address: 387 Gundun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 Phone: 86 571 8805-1375 Global manager: Frank Lim/Mobile: 86 0 188 6871-0978 FCC specializes in such additives as organoclay, rheology modifiers, nanoclay, nano calcium carbonate, carbon nanofibers, ceramic honeycomb catalysts, and ceramic substrates. Henan Abrasivestocks Technology, Ltd. Address: L 536R Xin Yuan International Plaza, Jianshe Road ZhengZhou 450006 Phone: 86 400 006-0902 Email: info@abrasivestocks.com Website: https://abrasivestocks.com Hongwu International Group Ltd. Address: 307, ChuangKeGu, No.43 Tangdong East Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong 510660 Phone: 86 20 8722-6359 Email: hwnano@xuzhounano.com, hkdongyang@hotmail.com Website: https://www.hwnanomaterial.com The company serves an international customer base with research, development, manufacturing, and processing of nanoparticles, nanopowders, and micron powders. Its primary focus is on silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, silicon carbide whiskers/powders, carbon nanotubes, graphene, aluminum oxide nanoparticles, silicon nitride powders, silver nanowires, and other nano materials, all available either in small quantities for researchers or in bulk orders for commercial purposes. KNANO Address: 16# BLDS, No. 2881 DongFu Road, HaiCang District, Xiamen 361027 Email: cqfang@knano.com.cn Website: http://www.knano.com.cn/En/index.aspx Shanghai Huzheng Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. Address: No. 158, Xinjunhuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai Phone: 86 4006-8181-89 Email: zay@hznano.com Website: http://en.hznano.com The Sixth Element Materials Technology Address: Plant 8, 9 West Tai Lake Avenue, Wujin Economic Development Zone, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000 Phone: 86 519 8123-0981 Fax: 86 519 8123-0998 E-mail: rp.huang@thesixthelement.com.cn E-mail: sales@thesixthelement.com.cn Website: http://www.c6th.com Sun Nanotek Co. Ltd. Address: No. 339, East Beijing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Phone: 86 139 7913-8023 Email: Xiaoshu Zeng, zengxiaoshu@21cn.com Website: http://www.sunnano.com/index.html Suzhou Green Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. Address: Room 103, NW-07 building, Nanking City, 99, Jinji Hu Avenue, Suzhou Industrial Park Phone: 86 0512 8686-7803 Website: http://www.szgraphene.com, http://www.graphenecn.com Tangshan Jidong Cement Co., Ltd. Online contact form: http://en.jdsn.com.cn/contactus/ contactusonline.aspx Website: http://en.jdsn.com.cn/Default.aspx XFNano Address: No. 9 Buyue Road, Pukou District, Nanjing City 210000, Jiangsu Province Phone: 86 25 6965-7070 Email: sales@xfnano.com Website: https://en.xfnano.com Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd. Address: A506-507, No.7 Yu\'nan 4th Road, Huli District, Xiamen Area of China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone 361006 Phone: 86 592 558-9730 Fax.: 86 592 558-9733 Innovacera conducts R&D in and manufactures and sells products made of alumina, zirconia, boron nitride, silicon nitride, machinable glass, and other advanced ceramic materials. The company specializes in high tolerance ceramic machining, grinding, and polishing of unfired and fired ceramics. Among its services are isostatic pressing, dry pressing, injection molding, pre- and post-fire ceramic machining, precision grinding and machining, CNC ceramic machining and grinding, lapping and polishing, and ceramic metallization. Its target industries include aerospace, automotive, and defense. INSTITUTES Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology (ARIMT) Address: No. 1 Hongmen Road, Nanda, Fengtai District, Beijing Phone: 86 010 6875-5654 Fax: 86 010 6838-3237 Website: http://www.arimt.com (in Chinese only) Central Iron and Steel Research Institute (CISRI) Address: 76 Xueyuan South Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 Phone: 86 010 6218-6017 Website: http://www.cisri-rc.com (in Chinese only) LinkedIn company page: https://www.linkedin.com/ company/cisri-international-co-ltd-/about CISRI\'s Linkedin presence offers an English-language overview of the organization as well as links to more than five dozen employee profiles on LinkedIn. According to the overview, the state-owned enterprise was founded in 1952 and is \"an important R&D base and a leading provider of advanced materials and products\" that \"owns a broad spectrum of technical know-how and advanced products\" in such industrial fields as functional materials, powder metallurgy materials, refractory metals, high temperature alloys, and structural materials. Its primary products are • Amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons and cores, • Refractory metals and alloys, • Metal powder and metal injection molded parts, • High temperature alloys and products, • Structural materials, • Rare earth permanent magnets, • Welding consumables, • High speed steel products, and Metallurgical engineering technology and equipment. Harbin Institute of Technology Address: 92 West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin Phone: 86 451 8641-2114 Email: caiz@hit.edu.cn Website: http://en.hit.edu.cn Note: the email provided above is the designated address for U.S. enterprises interested in international collaboration. Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Address: Luoyang City, Xiyuan Road 43 471039 Phone: 86 379 6420-5114 Fax: 86 379 6420-5800 Email: lirr@lirrc.com Website: www.lirrc.com Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research is the enterprise behind \"production lines for series high-purity oxide products, high quality silicon carbide materials, functional refractories for metallurgy, unshaped refractories, series refractory ceramic fibers and products and refractories for alkali-free glass tank,\" the website notes, along with \"series high-tech products for metallurgical, petrochemical, building materials, ceramics, mechanical and other industries.\" It maintains relationships with more than 40 companies abroad and distributes more than 40% of its output internationally. The company is also the publisher of China\'s Refractories, a magazine published in Chinese and English. UNIVERSITIES Donghua University Address: 1882 Yan\'an Road West, Shanghai 200051 Phone: 86 21 6237-8595, 6237-9336, 6237-3452 Fax: 86 21 6270-8702 Email: ices@dhu.edu.cn Website: http://english.dhu.edu.cn/main.htm Fuzhou University Address: No. 2, Wulongjiang North Avenue, Fuzhou University City, Fuzhou City 350108 Fax: 86 0591 2286-6099 Website: https://www.fzu.edu.cn Note that although the website includes a link to Englishlanguage content (http://en.fzu.edu.cn/) the page was not functioning as we went to press. Huazhong University of Science & Technology Address: Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, China Phone: 86 27 8748-5855 (International Cooperation) Email: eww@hust.edu.cn (International Cooperation) Website: http://english.hust.edu.cn HUST houses the Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center as well as six national engineering research centers and a national engineering lab. HUST\'s international joint ventures include the China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, and it maintains partnerships with more than 100 universities and research institutes worldwide. 34 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 Directory of Chinese companies, institutes, universities, and publications Hunan University Address: Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082 Email: xiaoban@hnu.cn Website: http://www-en.hnu.edu.cn/index.htm The University has established international cooperation partnerships with dozens of universities in the U.S. and other countries as well as corporations, including DuPont. Jiangsu Normal University Address: No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Phone: 86 516 8350-0143 (General Office); 86 516 8350-0045 (Cooperation & Communication Office); 86 516 8350-0045 (Foreign Affairs Management Office) E-mail: office@jsnu.edu.cn Website: http://en.jsnu.edu.cn/main.htm Northeastern University Address: No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang Email: 85590@mail.neu.edu.cn Website: https://english.neu.edu.cn Founded in 1923, the university was the site of China\'s first science park and is home to a mix of academic and entrepreneurial activity. The website notes that \"it has established a series of high-tech enterprises, such as the Neusoft Corporation and the Neunn Technology Inc., and formed its unique characteristics in the areas of technological innovation, technological transfer and industry-university cooperation.\" Schools within its College of Resources and Civil Engineering are devoted to metallurgy, material science and engineering, and mechanical engineering and automation. Shanghai Jiao Tong University International Science & Technology Project Office Address: 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240 Phone: 86 21 3420-7982 Contact Page: http://en.sjtu.edu.cn/about-sjtu/contact-us Website: http://en.sjtu.edu.cn South China University of Technology International Cooperation & Relations Address: International Office, Room 346, Building No.37, Wushan Campus, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641 Phone: 86 20 8711-0948 Email: international@scut.edu.cn Contact page: https://www.scut.edu.cn/en/wontact/list.htm Website: https://www.scut.edu.cn/en The university operates national engineering research centers with a focus on such areas as near-net-shape forming for metallic materials and novel equipment for polymer processing as well as key laboratories for polymer processing engineering and for special functional materials. Tianjin University Weijin Road Campus: No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350 Website: http://www.tju.edu.cn/english The university\'s School of Materials Science and Engineering prioritizes international communication and cooperation and maintains relationships with universities and research institutes in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Australia. \"We have established a joint research center respectively with National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and the University of Virginia Tech,\" the website notes, and \"also organized international conference on materials, promote the development of international first-class materials discipline.\" Tongji University Address:1239 Siping Road, Shanghai Email: newscenter@tongji.edu.cn Phone: 86 21 6598-2200 Website: https://en.tongji.edu.cn/index.htm Tsinghua University 30 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian Qu, Beijing Shi Phone: 86 10 6279-3001 School of Materials Science and Engineering Phone: 86 010 6279-2520 (Chinese) 86 010 6277-1723 (English) Website: https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thu2018en/ index.html School of Materials Science and Engineering webpage: http://www.mse.tsinghua.edu.cn/en In 2012, the university combined its Department of Materials Science and Engineering with the Department of Mechanical Engineering\'s Materials Processing Division to form the School of Materials Science and Engineering. The School\'s research facilities include \"the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, the Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, the Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, the Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy, and the Center for Testing & Analyzing of Materials of the SMSE,\" the website notes. It also \"encompasses several research centers and national production-study-research bases, including the Research Center for Bainitic Steels, the Research Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology, the Beijing High-tech Ceramic Materials and Processing National Scientific and Technological Corporation Base, and the International Research Center of Functional Materials, appointed by Ministry of Science and Technology.\" University of Jinan Address: No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, Shangdong Website: http://www.ujn.edu.cn/en School of Material Science and Engineering webpage: http://www.ujn.edu.cn/en/info/1010/1024.htm The university\'s School of Material Science and Engineering is home to seven research institutes for new materials, functional materials, sensors, and wall materials. \"The school implements scientific researches actively,\" the website notes, and conducts research in such fields as \"advanced materials, electronic materials, metals and metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix composites, powder preparation and characterization techniques, with distinct characteristics.\" It offers doctoral programs in \"building material, nano-material, energy material and technology, electronic and information material, metallic material, material processing and forming technology, principle of material compositing and material designing.\" In addition to its academic focus, the school works with companies on projects in the areas of processing designs and technological innovation and \"has made great contributions to technical progress of material industries\" in China. Wuhan University of Science and Technology Address: 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 Telephone: 86 27 8785-8005 Email: waishi@whut.edu.cn Website: http://english.whut.edu.cn In addition to a School of Materials Science and Engineering, the university is home to state or province key laboratories of advanced technology for materials synthesis and processing, optical fiber sensing technology, silicate materials for architectures, fuel cells, and mineral resources processing and environment. See the website for directories of current projects supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science foundation, and Ministry of Education or other ministries. Each page provides a description of current projects and the name and email address of the person in charge. Zhejiang University Address: 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058 Contact Directory: http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/20091/ list.htm Website: http://www.zju.edu.cn/english The contact directory page includes email and phone details for the Overseas Liaison Office in San Francisco, the Faculty of Engineering\'s School of Materials Science and Engineering, and more. PUBLICATIONS Donghua University China\'s Refractories Address: No. 43 Xiyuan Road, Luoyang 471039 Phone: 86 379 6420-5958 Fax: 86 379 6420-5968 Email: chaijl@lirrc.com (Prof. Chai Junlan, editor-in-chief) Website: http://www.china-refract.org/cr/default.htm The only English-language journal of China\'s refractories industry, this quarterly magazine is sponsored by the Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co. Ltd. (LIRR). Its subscribers represent more than 20 countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Chinese Ceramic Society Address: No.11 Sanlihe Road, Beijing 100831 Email: Zggsyxh@sina.com Website: http://www.ceramsoc.com (Chinese only) Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society Email: jccsoc@vip.163.com Website: http://www.jccsoc.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 35 55 SUBMIT YOUR ABSTRACT! Due November 20, 2019 2020 GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION ANNUAL MEETING May 17-21, 2020 JOIN ACerS\'s Glass and Optical Materials Division (GOMD) for its annual meeting May 17-21, 2020, in New Orleans, La. Leaders from industry, national laboratories, and academia will lead technical sessions featuring both oral and poster presentations that provide an open forum for glass scientists and engineers from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances in various aspects related to glass science and technology. www.ceramics.org/gomd2020 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Hotel Monteleone | New Orleans, La., USA \'Unique and friendly\' 3RD ANNUAL ENERGY HARVESTING SOCIETY MEETING COvered all aspects of energy harvesting research ust over 100 scientists from around me globe Sept. 201 the globe gathered Sept. 4–6, 2019, From left, conference organizer Yang Bai, conference organizer Jungho Ryu, plenary speaker Haixia (Alice) Zhang, plenary speaker Olfa Kanoun, plenary speaker Meiling Zhu, plenary speaker Miso Kim, session chair Sohini Kar-Narayan, and conference organizer Shashank Priya research in energy harvesting at the 3rd Annual Energy Harvesting Society Meeting. \"This was a unique and friendly meeting for energy harvesting,\" says Miso Kim, plenary speaker and senior research scientist at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. \"Typically energy harvesting will be just one symposium at a much larger conference; with the focus solely on this topic, we don\'t have to defend the importance of what we are doing. We can instead focus on things like real-world applications of energy harvesting.” Kim was one of six plenary speakers at the meeting in an all-female plenary lineup. In addition to the plenary talks, the conference featured three concurrent sessions that covered all aspects of energy harvesting, from energy generation, storage, and management to real-world applications. According to program chair Shashank Priya, associate vice president for research and director of strategic initiatives at The Pennsylvania State University, this year was the third year for the meeting, and the first year it was organized by The American Ceramic Society. \"Most of us here got our starts many years ago as students with The American Ceramic Society, so I\'m happy to have this affiliation with ACerS,\" Priya says. \"I think this year\'s meeting was a success in that we have provided a forum for people to meet and discuss their energy harvesting research, as well as make valuable connections that they can use long after this meeting in their research.\" The 4th Annual Energy Harvesting Society Meeting will be held Aug. 16-21, 2020, at the Hyatt Regency Bellevue in Bellevue, Wash., a suburb of Seattle. The conference will be colocated with the Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy (MCARE 2020) conference. Read more about EHS 2019 at http://bit. ly/EHS19wrapup. View images from EHS 2019 at http://bit.ly/EHS19photos. AVS SINCE 1967 SPECIALTY FURNACE EQUIPMENT 668 LANCASTER PRODUCTS Optimize your mixing process with a Lancaster Mixer HOT-PRESS-HIP - HPGQ - CVD/CVI - MIM BRAZE SINTER DEBIND- and more Bench-top to production systems capable of up to 2500°C, 10-7 Torr, 200 Bar, hot-pressing to over 2400 Tons and Hetheringtons. Aftermarket parts, upgrades, and services to any furnace, no matter the manufacturer. CALL TODAY FOR A FREE QUOTE!. O avsinc.com sales@avsinc.com HETHERINGTON™ Faster mix times Rapid homogenization of different density powders One-step mixing and granulation No dead zones Consistent, repeatable mix quality from batch to batch High Temperature Processing Systems (978) 772-0710 by AVS, Inc. 800.447.7351 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org LancasterProducts.com 37 January 22 - 24, 2020 | DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel | Orlando, Fla., USA MATERIALS ELECTRONIC AND APPLICATIONS (EMA 2020) ORGANIZED BY The ACERS ElectRONICS AND BASIc Science DivisiONS EMA 2020 is designed for researchers, engineers, technologists, and students interested in basic science, engineering, and applications of electroceramic materials. Speakers include an international mix of university, industrial, and federal laboratory participants exchanging information and ideas on the latest developments in theory, experimental investigation, and applications of electroceramic materials. Students are highly encouraged to participate in the meeting. Prizes will be awarded for the best oral and poster student presentation. Please join us in Orlando, Florida, to participate in this unique experience! ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Alp Sehirlioglu (Electronics Division) Case Western Reserve University alp.sehirlioglu@case.edu Sehirlioglu Hui (Claire) Xiong (Electronics Division) Boise State University Xiong clairexiong@boisestate.edu Jeffrey M.Rickman (Basic Science Division) Lehigh University HOTEL INFORMATION DOUBLETREE by HILTON ORLANDO AT SEA WORLD 10100 International Drive, Orlando, FL 32821 407-352-1100 Rate: Group rate from $156+ tax is based on availability. Cut off is on or before December 31, 2019. Group Name: The American Ceramic Society Group Code: ACS Rickman jmr6@lehigh.edu Wolfgang Rheinheimer (Basic Science Division) Purdue University wrheinhe@purdue.edu DOUBLETREE Orlandu Rheinheimer OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology Ceramic TechToday FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY WARNING - If you are contacted by any company by email or phone asking you to make a hotel reservation through them, please do not respond. These companies may falsely represent that they are affiliated with the hotel, ACers, or the meeting. These companies are not reputable. Do not provide any personal information to them. To make a hotel reservation, please call the hotel reservation phone number above or click the booking link. 38 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 REGISTER TODAY! TECHNICAL PROGRAM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Characterization of Structure-Property Relationships in Functional Ceramics Advanced Electronic Materials: Processing Structures, Properties, and Applications Frontiers in Ferroic Oxides: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications Complex Oxide Thin Film Materials Discovery: From Synthesis to Strain/Interface Engineered Emergent Properties Mesoscale Phenomena in Ferroic Nanostructures: Beyond the ThinFilm Paradigm S6 Complex Oxide and Chalcogenide Semiconductors: Research and Applications S7 Superconducting and Magnetic Materials: From Basic Science to Applications S8 Structure-property Relationships in Relaxor Ceramics S9 lon-Conducting Ceramics S10 Point Defects and Transport in Ceramics S11 New Directions in Sintering and Microstructure Control for Electronic Applications S12 Electronic Materials Applications in 5G Telecommunications S13 Thermal Transport in Functional Materials and Devices S14 Agile Design of Electronic Materials: Aligned Computational and Experimental Approaches and Materials Informatics S15 Functional Materials for Biological Applications $16 Molecular, Inorganic, and Hybrid Ferroelectrics for Optoelectronic and Electronic Applications www.ceramics.org/ema2020 SCHEDULE OF EVENTS TUESDAY, JANUARY 21, 2020 Conference registration WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2020 Conference registration Plenary session 1 Concurrent technical sessions Poster session set up Lunch on own Coffee break Poster session & reception Basic Science Division tutorial THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 2020 Conference registration Plenary session 2 Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Coffee break 5-6:30 p.m. 7:30 a.m.-6 p.m. 8:30 9:30 a.m. 10 a.m.-5:30 p.m. 12:30 - 5 p.m. 12:30 - 2 p.m. 3:30-4 p.m. 5:30-7:30 p.m. 7:40-8:45 p.m. 7:30 a.m.-6 p.m. 8:30 9:30 a.m. 10 a.m.-5:30 p.m. 12:30 - 2 p.m. 3:30-4 p.m. Student & young professionals reception 5:30 - 6:30 p.m. Conference dinner 7-9 p.m. FRIDAY, JANUARY 24, 2020 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own 7:30 a.m. 4 p.m. 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. Failure: The greatest teacher 12:30-2 p.m. 3:30-5 p.m. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 39 Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center | Daytona Beach, Fla., USA 44TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES JANUARY 26-31, 2020 Organized by ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division, the 44th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) will be held January 26-31, 2020, in Daytona Beach, Fla. As one of the largest international meetings on emerging ceramic materials and technologies, ICACC20 promises a strong technical program that includes 18 symposia, five focused sessions, and three special symposia covering a variety of topics. ICACC has a strong history in attracting thought leaders and renowned experts on the latest research and developments on advanced structural and functional ceramics. The technical program will include areas of research, development, engineering, and applications of advanced structural ceramics, composites, and other emerging materials and technologies. The technical program includes topics such as mechanical behavior and performance of ceramics and composites; advanced ceramic coatings for structural, environmental, and functional applications; developments in armor ceramics; bioceramics and biocomposites; advanced materials for rechargeable energy storage; applications and developments of porous ceramics; machine learning; geopolymers and sustainable materials; and much more. Peruse the complete technical program on the next page to see the wide range of symposia topics. ICACC20 is also a lucrative opportunity for exhibitors looking to connect with decision makers. If you have not already secured your booth space, check out the details on the next page on how to put your company in front of this audience. We look forward to seeing you in Daytona Beach, Fla., in January 2020! #ICACC20 Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Sunday, January 26, 2020 Conference registration Welcome reception at Hilton Monday, January 27, 2020 Conference registration Engineering Ceramics Division The American Ceramic Society 2-7 p.m. 5:30-7 p.m. 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. Opening awards ceremony and plenary session 8:30 a.m. - Noon Companion coffee Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 9 - 10:30 a.m. Noon–1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:30 p.m. Young Professional Network, GGRN, student mixer 7:30 - 9 p.m. Tuesday, January 28, 2020 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 7:30 a.m. - 6 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon - 1:20 p.m. 1:30 - 6 p.m. Exhibits and poster session A, including reception 5-8 p.m. Wednesday, January 29, 2020 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own 7:30 a.m. 5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon - 1:20 p.m. Valerie Wiesner Program chair, ICACC 2020 NASA Glenn Research Center E-mail: valerie.l.wiesner@nasa.gov Follow @icaccchair on Twitter for updates HILTON DAYTONA BEACH RESORT 100 North Atlantic Ave., Concurrent technical sessions 1:30 - 5 p.m. Exhibits and poster session B, including reception 5- 7:30 p.m. Thursday, January 30, 2020 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Last night reception Friday - January 31, 2020 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions 7:30 a.m.- 5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon–1:20 p.m. 1:30-5 p.m. 5:30-6:30 p.m. 8 a.m. - Noon 8:30 a.m. Noon Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Phone: 1-386-254-8200 Rates: One to four occupants: $180 USD U.S. government employee: Prevailing rate Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate. Room rates are effective until Dec. 20, 2019, and are based on availability. OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES bulletin Ceramic TechToday, emerging ceramics & glass technology FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 40 40 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 REGISTER TODAY! ceramics.org/icacc2020 EXHIBITION INFORMATION Reserve your booth today for the premier international advanced ceramics and composites expo. Connect with decision makers and influencers in government labs, industry, and research and development fields. ICACC20 is your destination to collaborate with business partners, cultivate prospects, and explore new business opportunities. Exhibit hours Tuesday, January 28, 2020, 5-8 p.m. Wednesday, January 29, 2020, 5-7:30 p.m. Exposition location Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL Exhibitor Booth 3DCeram Sinto Inc. 318 AdValue Technology, LLC 216 Alfred University 315 Anton Paar 218 AVS, Inc. 307 Centorr Vacuum Industries 200 Ceramics Expo 311 CM Furnaces 214 Eurofins EAG 301 Fritsch Milling & Sizing, Inc. 219 Haiku Tech 208 Harper International 313 Lithoz America LLC 103 Netzsch Instruments 300 Nordson SONOSCAN 302 Oxy-Gon Industries, Inc. 215 Praxair Surface Technologies 217 Reserved 210 Springer Nature 107 206 303 Exhibit space is filling up fast. To reserve your booth, visit www.ceramics.org/icacc2020 or contact Mona Thiel at mthiel@ceramics.org or 614-794-5834. Tev Tech Thermcraft, Inc. ICACC20 TECHNICAL PROGRAM S1 Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites S2 Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications S3 17th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Cells (SOC): Materials, Science and Technology S4 Armor Ceramics - Challenges and New Developments S5 Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites S6 Advanced Materials and Technologies for Rechargeable Energy Storage S7 14th International Symposium on Functional Nanomaterials and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environmental, and Health Applications S8 14th International Symposium on Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials and Systems (APMT14) S9 Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications S10 Modeling, Genome, Informatics, and Machine Learning S11 Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing Ideas for Production Root Technologies S12 On the Design of Nano-laminated Ternary Transition Metal Carbides/ Nitrides (MAX Phases) and Borides (MAB Phases), and their 2D counterparts (MXenes, MBenes) American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org S13 Development and Applications of Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy Systems S14 Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical, and Medical Applications S15 4th International Symposium on Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies S16 Geopolymers, Inorganic Polymers, and Sustainable Materials S17 Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy S18 Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics FS1 Bio-inspired Processing of Advanced Materials FS2 Image-based Characterization and Modelling of Ceramics by Nondestructive Examination Techniques FS3 Molecular-level Processing and Chemical Engineering of Functional Materials FS4 Green Technologies and Ceramic/Carbon Reinforced Polymers FS5 Materials for Thermoelectrics 9th Global Young Investigator Forum 4th Pacific Rim Engineering Ceramics Summit Special Focused Session on Diversity, Entrepreneurship, and Commercialization 41 PAN AMERICAN CERAMICS CONGRESS AND FERROELECTRICS MEETING OF AMERICAS (PACC-FMAS 2020) www.ceramics.org/PACCFMAS Submit your abstract before Hilton Panama | Panama City, Panama | July 19-23, 2020 JANUARY 15, 2020 2020 PAN AMERICAN CERAMICS CONGRESS and FERROELECTRICS MEETING OF AMERICAS (PACC-FMAS) About the Pan American Ceramics Congress During the last 50 years, wide-ranging and groundbreaking research, technology development, and commercialization in the field of ceramics and glass has taken place in the Americas. These seminal contributions to design and engineering of ceramics and glasses for multifunctional properties led to their wide scale applications in energy, aerospace, healthcare, communication, infrastructure, transportation, environmental, and other industries. These technologies and systems led to significant improvements in living standards and quality of life for people from all over the world. The goal of the Pan American Ceramics Congress is to bring together a wide variety of experts from academia, industries, research institutes, and laboratories to discuss current state-of-the-art and various technical challenges in research, development, engineering, manufacturing, and application of ceramic and glass materials. The Congress will provide a collegial forum for information exchange on current status and emerging trends in various technologies in the American continent (South and Central America, Canada, and the United States). The technical program will consist of invited and contributed talks and poster sessions important to ceramic and glass professionals who live or do business in the Americas. It will provide an information exchange on the latest emerging technologies and facilitate open dialogue and discussion with leading experts from around the globe. Ima. 2020 About the Ferroelectrics Meeting of Americas Panama Ferroelectrics, as well as related phenomena and novel electronic materials development, which introduced new cross-coupled effects like multiferroics and bioferroics to the scientific community, are beginning to integrate with emerging science of the new era around the world. It is especially important to accelerate such communications to the scientific community in the developing countries of the Americas. We brought together representatives from several Central and South American countries working in areas of ferroelectrics and related materials research that includes representatives from each country of the Americas as the members of the FMAs board to conduct a series of meetings, \"Ferroelectrics Meeting of Americas-FMAs.\" The FMAs will provide a platform to bring together researchers from academia, industry, and government laboratories to share their knowledge in the field and to present the development of novel applications of ferroelectricity in various interdisciplinary and cross-coupled research areas. FMAS-2 will be held jointly with the Pan American Ceramics Congress. The conference program may also include some special topical areas for interested participants. The peer reviewed and accepted papers presented at the meeting will be published in the special volume of International Journal of Ferroelectrics. TECHNICAL PROGRAM - Ceramics for Energy and Environment - Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Densification and Microstructural Evolution in Ceramics During Sintering - Bioceramics and Biocomposites - Advances in Cements, Geopolymers, and Structural Clay Construction Materials - Refractories in The Americas - Science and Technology of Glasses, Glass ceramics, and Optical Materials - Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies - Symposium for Young Professionals - Ceramics for Sustainable Agriculture - Materials Approach to Art, Architecture, and Archaeology in the Americas - Special Symposium: Ceramics and Materials Education in the Americas (Speakers by invitation only) - Ferroelectrics Meeting of Americas Tentative Schedule of Events Sunday, July 19, 2020 Conference registration Welcome reception Monday, July 20, 2020 Conference registration Opening awards ceremony & plenary session Lunch/Technology fair 3:30-7 p.m. 5:30-7 p.m. 7 a.m. - 5 p.m. 8:30 11:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m.-1 p.m. Concurrent technical sessions 1-5 p.m. Coffee break Technology fair and poster session, including reception Tuesday, July 21, 2020 Conference registration 3-3:20 p.m. 5:30-7 p.m. 7 a.m. - 5 p.m. Concurrent technical sessions 8:30-11:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m. - 1 p.m. Lunch/Technology fair Concurrent technical sessions 1-5 p.m. 3-3:20 p.m. Coffee break Wednesday, July 22, 2020 Conference registration 7:30 a.m. Noon Concurrent technical sessions 8:30 a.m. - Noon 8:30 a.m. - - Noon Noon - 5 p.m. Technology fair Afternoon on own Conference dinner Thursday, July 23, 2020 Conference registration 7-9 p.m. 8 a.m. - Noon Concurrent technical sessions 8:30 a.m. - Noon 42 98 www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 तथा औद्योगिक अनुसंधान CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute 196, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata-32, India Tel.: +91 33 2473 3469/76/77/96, 2483 8079/82 Fax: +91 33 2473 0957; Web: http://www.cgcri.res.in Email: director@cgcri.res.in • Fibre Optics & Photonics Specialty Glasses • • Sensor & Actuator • Sol-gel processing • Whiteware & Rural Pottery • Engineering Ceramics Major Research & Development Activities . Bioceramics & Coating वैज्ञानिक तथा औद्योगिक अनुसंधान परिषद् CGCRI сесы | कर्मणैव हि संसिद्धिम् • Solid Oxide Fuel Cell & Li-ion Battery • Ceramic Membrane Filters • • Refractory & Tiles from Industrial Waste Nano-structured Coatings Nano-structured Materials Recently Transferred Technologies • Ceramic membrane based water purification systems • Glass nodules for nuclear waste immobilization • Coated medical implants • Bioceramics hip & orbital implants • Optical amplifier for cable TV network • Glass lining material for reactor PRODUCTS DEVELOPED BY CSIR-CGCRI Orbital Implant Refractory Products Special Glass Beads wwwww Supercontinuum Light Source Wavelength Selective AR Coating Pilot Plant for Arsenic Removal Sensors for Various Applications Demonstration of Melting of Frits 500W Class Working SOFC Stack (Inset: SOFC single cells & illumination by SOFC power) Glass Blocks SIAION Cutting Inserts CSIR-CGCRI is devoted to achieve excellence and providing leadership in the niche areas of specialty glass, optical fibres, advanced ceramics and nano-structured materials covering frontier science, viable technology and societal empowerment. Naroda Centre 168 & 169, Naroda Industrial Estate Ahmedabad 382 330, Gujarat Tel.: 079 2282 3345, Fax: 079 2282 2052 Email: siccgcrinc@cgcri.res.in Outreach Centres Khurja Centre GT Road, Khurja 203 131, Uttar Pradesh Tel.: 05738 245433, Fax: 05738 245081 Email: Iksharma@cgcri.res.in resources Calendar of events September 2019 29-Oct. 3 MS&T19 combined with the ACerS 121st Annual Meeting - Portland, Ore.; www.matscitech.org October 2019 7-11 4th International Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials – Bukk, Hotel Palota at MiskolcLillafüred, Hungary; www.ic-rmmconf.eu 13-16 UNITECR 2019: United Int\'l Technical Conference on Refractories - Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan; www.unitecr2019.org 27-31 PACRIM 13: 13th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology - Okinawa Convention Center, Ginowan City, Okinawa, Japan; www.ceramics.org/pacrim13 28-31 80th Conference on Glass Problems Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org Specialty Aluminas Greater Tabular • Calcined • Reactive for Ceramic Applications ALUCHEM 513.733.8519 www.aluchem.com IM November 2019 18-20 Indian Minerals & Markets Forum 2019 - JW Marriott Mumbai Juhu, Mumbai, India; http://imformed.com/getimformed/forums/india-minerals-markets-forum-2019 December 2019 1-6 2019 MRS Fall Meeting - Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Mass.; www.mrs.org/fall2019 January 2020 22-24 EMA2020: Electronic Materials and Applications - DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/ema2020 26-31 ICACC20: 44th Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/icacc20 April 2020 13-17 2020 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit - Phoenix, Ariz.; www.mrs.org/spring2020 May 2020 17-21 2020 Glass and Optical Materials Division Annual Meeting - Hotel Monteleone, New Orleans, La.; www.ceramics.org/gomd2020 June 2020 7-10 Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications V - The Lodge at Snowbird, Snowbird, Utah; http://bit.ly/5thUHTC July 2020 19-23 Pan American Ceramics Congress and Ferroelectrics Meeting of the Americas (PACC-FMAS 2020) Hilton Panama, Balboa Avenida Aquilino de la Guardia, Panama City, Panama; www.ceramics.org/PACCFMAS August 2020 2-7 Solid State Studies in Ceramics, Gordon Research Conference - Mount Holyoke College; South Hadley, Mass.; https://www.grc.org/solid-state-studies-in-ceramicsconference/2020 Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue. 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Wilson pwilson@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5826 fx: 614-794-5842 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 | www.ceramics.org 47 O deciphering the discipline A regular column offering the student perspective of the next generation of ceramic and glass scientists, organized by the ACerS Presidents Council of Student Advisors. Energetics and structures of halide perovskites: A thermochemistry perspective Perovskites are universal materials that find applications in many realms, including energy storage and conversion, photovoltaics, photocatalysts, thermoelectrics, supercapacitors, and superconductors. The concept of perovskite, named after Russian mineralogist Lev Perovski, originally referred to the mineral CaTiO3. Now, the term describes a rich landscape of materials bearing stoichiometric and structural resemblance to CaTiO3, generically known as ABX₂, where A and B are metal cations of different ionic sizes, and X represents an anion bonding to both. Excitement for halide perovskites in solar cell applications permeates both the solid state chemistry and materials communities. Thanks to numerous endeavors undertaken by researchers all around the world, the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells soared to a record of 27.3% in less than 10 years.\' A major recurring question that continues to puzzle researchers in academia and industry is whether certain perovskite materials possess the necessary thermodynamic stabilities for proposed application. Researchers struggle to answer this question because of the lack of calorimetric studies on halide perovskites. Calorimetry is the process of measuring changes in state variables of a system, and it plays a critical role in answering questions on energetics and material stabilities. Traditional calorimetric measurements take place at high temperatures. For oxide perovskites, which have high temperature durability, high temperature calorimetry is suitable for determining such perovskites\' energetic properties.² Yet most halide perovskites begin to decompose below 700°C, which is the operation temperature for high temperature calorimeters. 1,2 48 Is there a benign, nondestructive calorimetric means to measure the energetics of temperature sensitive perovskites without decomposing the samples before a calorimetric measurement can be conducted? Bin Wang Guest columnist Thermochemical cycle for calculating the formation enthalpies of ABX, materials at room temperature (25°C) ABX (0)-AX(e) (de) AX (s)-AX() AX (s) BX (4) ABX) State symbole (da), sin (dation). AH AH (ARX) AH, AH(AX, AH AH (RX) SHAHABX) \"Measured from os temperature solution calorimetry SH-(3H)-3-AH Figure 1. Crystal structure of ABX 3 perovskite material (upper left), experimental setup for room temperature solution calorimetry (upper right), and the thermochemical cycle for calculating the formation enthalpies of ABX3 materials (lower). The Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory that I am affiliated with at the University of California, Davis, has developed a room temperature calorimetric route, which makes the energetic study of temperature sensitive materials possible. So far, formation enthalpies of methylammonium lead halide³ and dimethylammonium metal formate* perovskites have been reported. scape My current research lies at the interface of synthesis and thermodynamics study of various halide perovskites that are commonly used as light absorbing materials in solar cells, with a primary goal of expanding the library of halide perovskites with scalable energetics properties and predictable stabilities. In order to expand the energy landof perovskites using room temperature calorimetry, a good solvent that dissolves halide compounds is essential. Hydrochloric acid was frequently used in previous studies for its ability to dissolve certain halide samples, but other metal halides remain insoluble in it. After numerous \"trial and error\" attempts, two organic solvents came to our attention: dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We have completed a calorimetric study of cesium lead iodide using DMSO as solvent and are still in the midst of more “trial and error\" efforts. Structures and properties are two aspects that should complement one another for a better understanding of materials. Calorimetry combined with characterization methods that identify material structures, such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, provide necessary information for such mutually beneficial studies. References \'Zhou, Y.; Zhao, Y. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 1495. 2Navrotsky, A. Thermochemistry of complex perovskites. AIP Conference Proceedings 2000, 535, 288. ³Nagabhushana, G. P.; Shivaramaiah, R.; Navrotsky, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2016, 113, 7717. *Nagabhushana, G. P.; Shivaramaiah, R.; Navrotsky, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 10351. 5Wang, B.; Novendra, N.; Navrotsky, A. Energetics, structures, and phase transitions of cubic and orthorhombic cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) polymorphs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05924. Bin Wang is a third Ph.D. canyear didate with Prof. Alexandra Navrotsky in the Department of Chemistry, Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory, and NEAT ORU at the University of California, Davis. Apart from his role as a graduate student focusing on the synthesis and energetic studies of perovskite materials, he is also a gourmand, an avid road tripper, and a still-aspiring programmer. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 8 SUBMIT YOUR ABSTRACT DUE MARCH 15, 2020 DAVID L. LAWRENCE CONVENTION CENTER PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, USA ACERS ANNUAL MEETING at Technical Meeting and Exhibition MS&T20 MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Organizers: The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org OCTOBER 4 - 8, 2020 B AIST TMS ASSOCIATION FOR IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society MATSCITECH.ORG/MST20 田 AMERICAN ELEMENTS yttrium iron garnet glassy carbon THE ADVANCED MATERIALS MANUFACTURER ® fused quartz beamsplitters H 1.00794 Hydrogen photonics piezoceramics III-IV semiconductors bioimplants europium phosphors additive manufacturing transparent conductive oxides sol-gel process Be B с barium fluoride 14.0067 Nitrogen zeolite Li 6.941 Lithium 12 9.012182 Beryllium Na Mg 22.98976928 Sodium 24.305 Magnesium raman substrates sapphire windows anod oxides K 39.0983 Potassium 20 Ca 40.078 Calcium 21 Sc 44.955912 Scandium Rb 85.4678 Sr TiCN Rubidium Strontium 132.9054 Cesium 39 Y 88.90585 Yttrium 137.327 Barium 138.90647 Lanthanum 40 27 Ti V Cr Mn Fe 55.845 Iron 47.867 Titanium 50.9415 Vanadium Zr 91.224 Zirconium 41 105 42 51.9961 Chromium 54.938045 Manganese 43 Nb Mo Tc 92.90638 Niobium 95.96 Molybdenum 106 107 (98.0) Technetium 44 108 Ru 101.07 Ruthenium Hs 45 109 10.811 Boron anti-ballistic Co Ni Cu 58.6934 Nickel Copper 13 ΑΙ 26.9815386 Aluminum 14 58.933196 Cobalt Rh 102.9055 Rhodium = Mt ༥ ཚ ཿག 110 47 Pd Ag Palladium 79 107.8682 Silver Pt Au 195.084 Platinum 111 196.966569 Gold Ds Rg 48 80 112 31 Zn 65.38 Zinc Cd 112.411 Cadmium Hg 200.59 Mercury 49 81 113 32 12.0107 Carbon Si 28.0855 Silicon Ga Ge 69.723 Gallium In 114.818 Indium ΤΙ 204.3833 Thallium Nh 50 82 114 72.64 Germanium Sn 118.71 Tin Pb 207.2 Lead FI 15 33 51 83 NP 30.973762 Phosphorus 115 As 74.9216 Arsenic Sb 121.76 Antimony Bi 208.9804 Bismuth 16 84 116 O 15.9994 Oxygen S 32.065 Sulfur Se 78.96 Selenium Te Tellurium 17 53 F 18.9984032 Fluorine CI 35.453 Chlorine Br 79.904 Bromine 126.90447 lodine 18 He 4.002602 Helium Ne 20.1797 Neon Ar 39.948 Argon Kr 83.798 Krypton Xe 131.293 Xenon Po At Rn (209) Polonium (210) Astatine 118 Mc Lv 117 (222) Radon Ts Og Cn (226) Radium (227) Actinium (267) Rutherfordium (268) Dubnium (271) Seaborgium (272) Bohrium (270) Hassium (276) Meitnerium (281) (280) (285) Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium (284) Nihonium (289) Flerovium (288) Moscovium (293) Livermorium (294) Tennessine ZnS Cs Ba La Fr (223) Francium Si3N4 88 Ra Ac quantum dots 72 104 Hf 178.48 Hafnium 73 Ta 180.9488 Tantalum 74 W 183.84 Tungsten 75 76 Re Os 186.207 Rhenium Rf Db Sg Bh 190.23 Osmium epitaxial crystal growth Ce Pr 140.116 Cerium 60 61 62 Nd Pm Sm Eu (145) Promethium 150.36 Samarium 151.964 Europium 77 Ir 192.217 Iridium 140.90765 144.242 Praseodymium Neodymium 91 Th Pa ཨསྨཱནཾ 95 96 cerium oxide polishing powder 67 68 Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 158.92536 Terbium 162.5 Dysprosium 164.93032 Holmium 167.259 Erbium 168.93421 Thulium 173.054 Ytterbium 157.25 Gadolinium 97 93 Np 94 Pu Am Cm Bk Cf E Lu 174.9668 Lutetium 101 102 103 U Es Fm Md No Lr 232.03806 Thorium 231.03588 Protactinium 238.02891 Uranium (237) Neptunium (244) (243) (247) Plutonium Americium Curium (247) Berkelium (251) Californium (252) Einsteinium (257) Fermium (258) Mendelevium (259) Nobelium (262) Lawrencium transparent ceramics SiALON GDC alumina substrates sputtering targets deposition slugs MBE grade materials lithium niobate magnesia thin film chalcogenides superconductors nanodispersions fuel cell materials Now Invent. beta-barium borate (294) Oganesson ITO YSZ ribbons silicates termet h-BN InGaAs rutile spintronics YBCO perovskites laser crystals TM CVD precursors silicon carbide solar energy photovoltaics scintillation Ce:YAG The Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs Over 15,000 certified high purity laboratory chemicals, metals, & advanced materials and a state-of-the-art Research Center. 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