AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology SEPTEMBER 2017 Celebrating ACerS 2017 awards and honors The American Cercmic 2014 PORATE ENRONMENTAL ROMEVEMENT AWARD Spark Plug Co, Ltd. Society 2016 CORPORATE TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd for the discovery of and its Anangon Coron Sety 2016 CORPORATE TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD Sharp Corporation for the discovery of CACC-1020 and its development for ication products Update from ACerS President | Bauxite for high-voltage insulators | Coatings improve engine efficiency EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE ARE YOU AN ENGINEER, SCIENTIST, INDUSTRY PROFESSIONAL, OR STUDENT LOOKING TO SHARPEN YOUR SKILLS AND EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE? Sign up for an ACers short course taught by an industry expert today! ceramics.org/acers-courses The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org SMART MARKETING FOR ENGINEERS Omni William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. October 12, 2017: 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. | October 13, 2017: 9 a.m. - 1 p.m. - Instructor: Rebecca Geier, CEO and co-founder of TREW Marketing SINTERING OF CERAMICS Omni William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. October 12, 2017: 9 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. | October 13, 2017: 9 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. - Instructor: Mohamed N. Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMICS Omni William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. October 12, 2017 | 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. - Speakers: Additive manufacturing experts from industry and academia 2018 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS AND GLASS SHORT COURSE Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center, Daytona Beach, Fla. January 25, 2018: 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. | January 26, 2018: 8:30 a.m. – 4 p.m. - Instructors: George D. Quinn, NIST, and Richard C. Bradt, University of Alabama contents September 2017 • Vol. 96 No.7 feature articles 3 ACers President\'s update: International issues ACerS President Bill Lee provides the third of three updates to members about key themes of his presidency. by Bill Lee departments News & Trends Spotlight 9 Ceramics in Energy 14 17 Research Briefs cover story 19 Honoring the ACers Awards Class of 2017 The Society announces awards that will be presented at the Awards Banquet of the 119th Annual Meeting in October to recognize significant contributions to the engineered ceramic and glass field by members and corporations. columns Business and Market View... 8 Thin and ultrathin films market to remain stable despite challenges in electronics by Margareth Gagliardi Deciphering the Discipline . . . 48 Waste products for green building materials by Alexandra Loaiza meetings Protective and functional ceramic 27 coatings-An interagency perspective Thermal barrier and environmental barrier coatings protect superalloy and ceramic matrix composite turbine engine components. Advances in coating processing and materials could drive improved engine efficiencies. by Stephen W. Freiman, Sanjay Sampath, and Lynnette D. Madsen 32 Special benefits of bauxite for a stable porcelain microstructure in high-voltage insulation Bauxite offers novel potential to decrease microcrack formation in high-voltage porcelain insulators by resolving residual quartz particles in the microstructure. by Johannes Liebermann MS&T17. ICACC18 Sintering 2017 36 40 42 resources New Products. Calendar 43 44 Classified Advertising 45 Display Ad Index.. 47 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Obulletin Editorial and Production Eileen De Guire, Editor ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815 edeguire@ceramics.org April Gocha, Managing Editor Faye Oney, Assistant Editor Russell Jordan, Contributing Editor Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Thomas Fischer, University of Cologne, Germany John McCloy, Chair, Washington State University Fei Peng, Clemson University Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline Inc. Gurpreet Singh, Kansas State University Chunlei Wan, Tsinghua University, China Eileen De Guire, Staff Liaison, The American Ceramic Society Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics.org Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Charles Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher cspahr@ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Director of Communications & Marketing edeguire@ceramics.org Marcus Fish, Development Director Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation mfish@ceramics.org Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations mjohnson@ceramics.org Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec. Assistant slabute@ceramics.org Mark Mecklenborg, Director of Membership, Meetings & Technical Publications mmecklenborg@ceramics.org Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership kthompson@ceramics.org Officers William Lee, President Michael Alexander, President-Elect Mrityunjay Singh, Past President Daniel Lease, Treasurer Charles Spahr, Secretary Board of Directors Michael Alexander, Director 2014-2017 Geoff Brennecka, Director 2014-2017 Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015-2018 Doreen Edwards, Director 2016-2019 Dana Goski, Director 2016-2019 Martin Harmer, Director 2015-2018 Hua-Tay (H.T.) Lin, Director 2014-2017 Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016-2019 Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015-2018 David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian online www.ceramics.org September 2017 • Vol. 96 No. 7 in g+ f http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersrss Want more ceramics and glass news throughout the month? Subscribe to our e-newsletter, Ceramic Tech Today, and recieve the latest ceramics, glass, and Society news straight to your inbox every Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday! Sign up at http://bit.ly/acersctt. As seen in the August 2017 ACers Bulletin... As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... Reaction-bonded boron carbide for lightweight armor Light ceramics particularly are attractive for personnel as well as vehicle protection. With adequate understanding of processing parameters and resulting material properties, reaction bonding offers a relatively inexpensive alternative fabrication method for lightweight ceramic armor. Read more at www.ceramics.org/boroncarbide New insights into strength of Roman concrete An international group of scientists recently found that Roman concrete actually gets stronger with age, thanks to evolution of a rare mineral called aluminous tobermorite. As a result, Roman harbor concrete structures survive about two orders of magnitude longer than Portland-type cement seawater concrete structures. Read more at www.ceramics.org/romanconcrete American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2015. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a \"dual-media\" magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramicbulletin.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100. Single issues, January-October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 96, No. 7, pp 1-48. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents. 2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 ACers President\'s update: International issues By Bill Lee I spent my first three years in Malta, a small Sicily. As a student, I spent six months working at an aluminum refining plant in Haugesund off the west coast of Norway, and for a month every summer I travelled around Europe on the rail network. I lived in the United States for six years during my twenties, and in my academic job have visited countries all over the world. I have supervised M.Sc., Ph.D., and postdoctoral researchers from 27 countries. I have advised research agencies and universities in Germany, Austria, Spain, Portugal, France, Israel, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, China, Japan, Malaysia, and the U.S., worked with international bodies such as the International Atomic Energy Agency, and assisted global companies set up international advisory boards. I currently work at a truly international university—more than half the students and more than one-third of the faculty at Imperial College are from outside the United Kingdom. From my earliest days I have played on the international stage, and this gives me an understanding of global issues that is invaluable in our increasingly (Trump and Brexit notwithstanding) globalized world. My first message of this update is to encourage you all to acquire a global perspective. The Society now has nearly 40% international members, so please take advantage of opportunities for networking with colleagues from all over the planet at Society conferences and meetings. I know from my own life that travel and working overseas are broadening and educational experiences. To support members around the world, ACerS has started to form international chapters at the request of members residing in regions and local areas where concentrations of ACerS members already exist. Chapters have been established in the U.K., Italy, and India. These new chapters will work cooperatively with national and regional ceramic, glass, and materials societies to better serve the needs of the local/regional ceramics and glass community. While membership in ACerS is a prerequisite for membership in an international chapter, joining an international chapter is free and based on residing in the defined region. Please see chapter websites for more information (www.ceramics.org/international-chapters). The Society helps raise awareness of global developments in our field through annual country-specific profiles in the ACerS Bulletin. This year the Bulletin will profile ceramic and glass activity in Southeast Asia. Previous profiles have featured Australia, Korea, France, Japan, India, Germany, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and China. The Society continues to host and organize international meetings, such as the • Biennial Pacific Rim (PACRIM) meeting held in collaboration with the ceramic societies of the Pacific Rim countries-America, Japan, China, Korea, and Australia. • Biennial Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR), with the venue rotating between North America, Europe, Japan, and American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 3 ACerS President\'s update: International issues Latin America and in collaboration with refractory organizations in those regions. • Biennial International Congress on Ceramics, hosted by the International Ceramic Federation in cooperation with ICF member societies (a grouping of national ceramic societies and others, such as the European Ceramic Society and the World Academy of Ceramics). • International Congress on Glass, held every three years with the International Commission on Glass. In 2019, ICG will host ACerS Glass and Optical Materials Division annual meeting. GOMD has held joint meetings with the Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft, including one in Aachen, Germany, in 2014. Through these and other events, the Society has strong links with our sister societies, and these are expanding, for example, with the European Ceramic Society winter (in Florida) and summer (at the ECerS biennial conferences) schools. Building upon the model established by ECerS to support its young members, I have no doubt that the Ceramics and Glass Industry Foundation (CGIF) will increasingly provide support for U.S.-based students to take advantage of global opportunities. Indeed, CGIF recently provided financial support for outreach projects in Japan, China, U.K., and Korea. In 2015, ACerS initiated the Global Graduate Research Network (www. ceramics.org/ggrn) to address professional and career development needs for glass- and ceramic-focused graduate students. Of the 701 GGRN members, half are international (347) and represent 31 countries. GGRN hosts professional development webinars and seminars on topics such as tips for successful publishing, choosing postdoctoral opportunities, and developing professional networks. The student-led President\'s Council of Student Advisors (PCSA, www.ceramics. org/pcsa) strategically broadened participation from outside the U.S., and currently comprises 50 students from 35 universities, representing 10 countries. In October, the 2017-18 PCSA will have 46 students from 31 universities, representing 10 countries. The first non-U.S. PCSA chair (for 2016-17) was Tessa Davey from the U.K. I look forward to similar developments in the Young Professionals Network (YPN, www.ceramics.org/ypn). Recent Ph.D. awardees and GGRN members can now apply for the Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award, which will be awarded for the first time in 2018. Details of the application process can be found at www.ceramics.org/awards. A distinguished panel of Society Fellows chaired by president-elect nominee, Sylvia Johnson, will judge applications for the best Ph.D. thesis on a ceramic or glass topic. Started in 2015, the Society\'s Global Ambassador Program recognizes dedicated ACerS volunteers worldwide who demonstrate exceptional leadership and/ or service that benefits the Society, its members, and the global ceramics and glass community. As ACerS president, I get to select up to 15 volunteers during my term for recognition as Global Ambassadors. Recognition is in the form of a certificate and a Global Ambassador pin, plus the highly sought ACerS red/ blue tie or scarf. The president gets to present these at any appropriate time, but the best bit is-it has to be a surprise. Watch out if I sneak into a meeting or talk at MS&T in Pittsburgh, surreptitiously hiding these goodies, as it will be my last chance to present them! Another opportunity for the Society to have impact on a global scale is to look at ways we can help poorer countries and regions through our members and their knowledge of ceramics and glasses. I recently set up a Presidential Humanitarian Committee to look at the Society\'s strategy in this area. Board member Greg Rohrer from CarnegieMellon University chairs the committee with Clive Randall (Pennsylvania State University), Ian Nettleship (University of Pittsburgh), Lynnette Madsen (ACerS Board member), and Mike Alexander (ACerS president-elect), along with a PCSA representative as members. They will report to the Board of Directors in October. I do feel we can do more in this area and would be happy to hear your ideas and suggestions. I hope you have found my three Bulletin articles covering industry, young members, and international initiatives useful. Because this is the last time I get to communicate to you through this medium, let me say that it has been an honor and a privilege serving as your president, and thank you all for making my year such a pleasurable one. news & trends Could closed rare earth mining facility become America\'s newest national lab? Rare earths are a group of 17 elements that are indispensable to today\'sand tomorrow\'s-tech, including batteries, hybrid electric cars, smartphones, military hardware, and so much more. Despite their name, rare-earth elements are relatively plentiful here on earth. However, they are not found in pure deposits-the elements have to be mined from mineral mixtures and extracted before use. And those extraction processes come with high environmental and occupational hazards that translate into high production costs. Keeping those costs low is key to competitive supply of rare earths, and it is something that China is so adept at that the country provides more than 85% of the global supply. And although global rare earth production dipped 3.1% from 2015-2016 due to excess global supply, the demand for rare-earth elements is only expected to increase over the coming years. In fact, an Adamas Intelligence report predicts that rare earth demand will continue its upward trajectory to such a degree that China\'s demand will outgrow its production, leading the country to invest in foreign resources and become a significant importer of rare earths. Despite institutions in the United States, such as the Critical Materials Institute (Ames Laboratory, Iowa)which \"focuses on technologies that make better use of materials and eliminate the need for materials that are subject to supply disruptions\"-the U.S. no longer produces its own domestic supply of rare earths. It is on the U.S. Department of Energy\'s radar, however—the department recently announced that it is investing $6.9 million into research on producing rare earths from coal and on rare earth separation and extraction processes. But production of rare earths from domestic mines remains at zero. The CEO of advanced materials manufacturing company American Elements Your kiln. Like no other. Your kiln needs are unique, and Harrop responds with engineered solutions to meet your exact firing requirements. For more than 90 years, we have been supplying custom kilns across a wide range of both traditional and advanced ceramic markets. Hundreds of our clients will tell you that our three-phase application engineering process is what separates Harrop from \"cookie cutter\" kiln suppliers. • • Thorough technical and economic analysis to create the \"right\"kiln for your specific needs Robust, industrial design and construction • After-sale service for commissioning and operator training. Harrop\'s experienced staff is exceptionally qualified to become your partners in providing the kiln most appropriate to your application. Learn more at www.harropusa.com, or call us at 614-231-3621 to discuss your special requirements. HARROP Fire our imagination www.harropusa.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 5 Onews & trends Google satellite view of the closed Mountain Pass rare earth mining facility. wants that to change—and he wants the government to get involved. According to a Bloomberg Politics article, American Elements CEO Michael Silver recently met with White House officials to vie for the government to nationalize the U.S.\'s last remaining rare earth mine. The Mountain Pass, Calif., mine was once owned and operated by American mining corporation Molycorp Inc., which filed for bankruptcy in 2015 because the company was no longer able to compete with low Chinese prices. Silver proposed during his meeting with White House officials that the government should use eminent domain to take Mountain Pass to revitalize domestic rare earth production. \"The mine should be converted to a national laboratory \'dedicated to rebuilding America\'s rare-earth mining industry so the world knows it is safe to build high-tech manufacturing plants in the U.S.,\' Silver said,\" according to the Bloomberg Politics article. According to Silver, commercial investment is not viable because the mine will not be able to compete with Chinese producers. \"The perception is the only place in the world you can go for reasonably priced rare-earth materials for your product is in China,\" Silver says in the article. \"You have to change that perception.\" Google Corning\'s concept car features Gorilla Glass dashboard, display, windows, and steering wheel At the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 this past January-the annual exhibition for the latest consumer electronics and technology-Corning Incorporated debuted its vision for the future of automobiles. The company must have been peering into a crystal ball, because it is clear that it sees a lot of glass. Corning\'s Connected Car Concept, not surprisingly, incorporates a considerable amount of Gorilla Glass. We already know that some car companies are integrating Gorilla Glass windshields and windows into high-end cars, such as the Ford GT. Corning has made a strong case for ค. 08:21 PRND Credit: Tom Brandt; Flickr CC BY 2.0 the benefits that Gorilla Glass can offer to car windshields-in addition to being tougher and less likely to break than regular soda-lime glass, Gorilla Glass windshields are also lighter weight and have optical advantages as well. But some of the other places that Corning hopes to see glass used might be surprising. The new Connected Car prototype that Corning built also features Gorilla Glass integrated into a heads-up display, all-glass dashboard, center touchscreen console, and even into the steering wheel. \"The most notable thing about the dashboard is probably that the displays are right there on the surface, not sunk down into the dashboard or covered by overhanging shades to protect them from sunlight,\" according to a CNN Money article. See more of Corning\'s concept car in the short video available at youtu.be/4YcAYre900. Brick in Architecture Awards illustrate aesthetic importance of clay brick Use of clay bricks dates back to 7000 B.C., when they were first made out of mud and clay and dried in the sun. Fast forward to today, where fired clay bricks are mass produced, and the industrynow worth $6 billion-enjoys small but steady growth. The industry has come a long way since those mud bricks. Now, designers The all-glass dashboard in Corning Incorporated\'s new Connect Car Concept. Credit: Corning Incorporated; YouTube and architects are competing in design contests using clay bricks as their medium. The Brick Industry Association (BIA) recently announced winners of its annual Brick in Architecture Awards Competition. The competition honors architects and design firms for \"outstanding and resilient design that www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 incorporates clay brick,\" according to the organization\'s press release. \"The winners demonstrate brick\'s aesthetic flexibility, and its integral role in any sustainable, low maintenance, and durable building strategy,\" Ray Leonhard, BIA president and CEO, says in the press release. This year\'s competition generated nearly 100 entries, with Best in Class, Gold, Silver, and Bronze awards presented to design firms in eight categories. Judges for the competition were last year\'s winners. \"Since 1989, BIA\'s annual Brick in Architecture Awards Competition has been the hallmark competition devoted specifically to genuine clay brick,\" Stephen Sears, BIA COO, writes in an email. \"The competition has shown how this modular fired clay unit can be adapted to almost every application and architectural style-ranging from Georgian to craftsman to Victorian to The Brick Industry Association recently announced the winners of its annual Brick in Architecture Awards Competition, including this Kinsey residential entry (Oxford, Md.), which won Best in Class in the residential single family category. contemporary. And because it\'s brick, the projects look fantastic for many decades-if not longer.\" Check out all the winners in the photo gallery available at www.gobrick. com/Photo-Galleries/2017-Brick-inArchitecture-Awards. Photography Business news HarbisonWalker breaking new ground on refractory plant in Ohio (www.thinkhwi. com)...Kyocera develops first 3-kW solidoxide fuel cell for institutional cogeneration (www.global.kyocera.com)...SaintGobain adds float line in Mexico (www. saint-gobain.com)... AGC Glass to install coater in North America (www. agc.com)...DOE announces $19.4M for advanced vehicle technologies (www. energy.gov)...Base Resources forecasts lower ilmenite output from Kenya in 2017-2018 (www.af.reuters.com)... Alcoa plans partial restart of aluminum smelter at Warrick operations (www. news.alcoa.com)...Asahi Glass launches mass production of glass substrate for LGPS (www.agc.com)...Neotech AMT improving 3-D-printed electronics with new plastic, ceramic AM projects (www.3ders.org)... Owens Corning completes acquisition of Pittsburgh Corning (www.owenscorning.com) JOIN THE CERAMICS INDUSTRY LEADER COORSTEK *Source: Markets and Markets: Advanced Ceramics Market worth 10.41 Billion USD by 2021. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org The technical ceramics industry is projected to grow to $10 billion by 2021.* Coors Tek is leading the charge with major investments in R&D and human capital. Grow with us. Visit coorstek.com/careers to learn more. ©2017 Coors Tek, Inc 02449 B 7 business and market view A regular column featuring excerpts from BCC Research reports on industry sectors involving the ceramic and glass industry bcc Research Thin and ultrathin films market to remain stable despite By Margareth Gagliardi he global market The challenges in electronics for thin film materials decreased from nearly $9.9 billion in 2014 to close to $9.8 billion in 2015, and it is estimated to remain stable, overall, throughout 2016. Electronics represents the largest application for thin film materials. With estimated global sales of $4.2 billion in 2016, the electronics sector accounts for 43.0% of the total market for thin film materials (Table 1). The second largest application is the mechanical/chemical sector, which includes protective coatings. Sales of these materials are estimated to reach over $1.7 billion in 2016 (or 17.6% of the total market). Falling demand within the electronics industry is the primary reason for decreasing sales, although this decline has been partially offset by increasing revenues in other sectors, such as optoelectronics, energy, and optical coatings. Thin film materials are used in various deposition processes that have been traditionally grouped according to two main categories: physical processes and chemical processes. In recent years, additive processes-being more economical and benefiting from the introduction of nano-inks have become more popular. The semiconductor industry, which for decades has contributed to increasing consumption of thin film materials, is transitioning to processes that allow fabrication of nano- and ultrathin films to build a new generation of transistors with feature sizes approaching 10 nm. During the past two years, the semiconductor industry overall has been characterized by slow to moderate growth related to market cyclicality. Although sales of thin film materials in other sectors, such as energy and optoelectronics, have been expanding, they have been unable to completely offset the negative trend in electronics-the market for thin film materials contracted at a -0.4% CAGR during 2014-2016. Declines have occurred primarily in sales of materials for physical processes, which traditionally have been very popular in the semiconductor industry. By the end of 2016, global revenues for these materials are projected to fall to $3.5 billion, or 36% of the total market. Conversely, materials for chemical processes experienced net positive growth during 2014-2016, since they are finding growing use within the electronics industry for fabricating new generation devices. By the end of 2016, materials for chemical processes are estimated to be valued at $6.1 billion, or 62.2% of the total market. Additive processes currently represent a small share of the market, but they are growing rapidly. By the end of 2016, printing materials for thin films are estimated to reach revenues of $180 million, or 1.8% of the total. Although some of the negative trends within the semiconductor industry will continue to persist in the near term, there are other sectors in which demand for these materials will accelerate during the next five years. Relevant factors that will positively affect future expansion of the thin film materials market include Increased utilization of thin film technology for fabrication of thin, ultrathin, lighter, and flexible devices (e.g., flexible displays and solar cells); • Resumed growth of critical industry segments, such as solar energy, transportation, and construction, which are large consumers of functional, protective, and optical coatings; • Growing penetration of thin films in life sciences, sensors and instrumentation, and textile industries; • Increased use of low-cost technologies for mass-production of ultrathin, flexible devices; • Development of high-performance materials, tools, and devices for nanotechnology; and • High levels of related R&D activities. As a result, the total market for thin film materials is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.0% from 2016 through 2021, reaching global revenues of $11.3 billion in 2021 (Table 2). About the author Margareth Gagliardi is a project analyst for BCC Research. Contact Gagliardi at analysts@bccresearch.com. Resource M. Gagliardi, \"Global Markets, Technologies and Materials for Thin and Ultrathin Films.\" BCC Research Report SMC057C, August 2016. www.bccresearch.com. Table 1. Global market for thin film materials by application in 2016 Application Electronics Percent 43.0 Mechanical/chemical 17.6 Energy 16.3 Optoelectronics 12.1 Optical coatings 5.8 Life sciences 2.7 Sensors and instrumentation Others Total 1.2 1.3 100.0 Table 2. Global market for thin film materials by segment, through 2021 ($ millions) Market segment 2016 2021 CAGR%, 2016-2021 6,091 7,552 4.4 -3.0 3,523 3,021 Chemical processes Physical processes Additive processes 180 766 33.6 Total 9,794 11,339 3.0 8 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 acers spotlight Society and Division news ACerS prevails in lawsuit over 2012 Bulletin article In September 2012, the ACerS Bulletin published \"Shattering glass cookware,\" by R.C. Bradt and R.L. Martens. The article was inspired by reports of glass cookware shattering unexpectedly during use. The article considered thermal shock resistance of borosilicate glass cookware compositions compared to heat-strengthened soda-lime-silica glass cookware compositions. Subsequently, World Kitchens LLC (Rosemont, Ill.) filed a complaint against The American Ceramic Society, the authors, and Peter Wray, who was editor of the ACerS Bulletin at the time. World Kitchens (WK) manufactures heat-strengthened soda-lime silica glass cookware under the Pyrex brand name. The complaint claimed that ACerS violated the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act (DTPA) and requested ACerS retract the article and issue an apology via ACerS and outside media channels. The dispute went to trial in December 2015 in the United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, with Judge John W. Darrah presiding. DTPA prohibits \"false, misleading, or deceptive commercial speech.\" According to the decision, relevant considerations with respect to DTPA include \"whether: (1) the speech is an advertisement; (2) the speech refers to a specific product; and (3) the speaker has an economic motivation for the speech.\" Darrah notes, \"No one factor is sufficient, and not all are necessary.\" In a ruling issued June 30, 2016, Darrah found World Kitchens failed to meet its burden of proof and ruled in favor of ACerS and its co-defendants in the case. In his written opinion, Darrah notes, \"The evidence elicited at trial shows that none of the authors were paid for the article or received any sponsorship for the article from any producer, seller, or manufacturer of glass cookware or from any outside company or organization.\" At the end of a one-year appeals window, WK decided not to pursue the case further. ACerS was represented in the case by the offices of Miller Korzenik Sommers LLP (New York, N.Y.) and Mandell Menkes LLC (Chicago, Ill.).■■ New ACerS class: The Education and Professional Development Council ACerS board of directors recently created the Education and Professional Development Council, which replaces the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers, Education Integration Committee, and American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org the Ceramic Education Council. EPDC incorporates past efforts of these organizations to stimulate, promote, and improve education and professional development within the ceramic and glass community. This new class is the umbrella that brings together all ACerS education and professional development initiatives and will work closely with the YPN, PCSA, and Keramos to coordinate efforts and meet common goals. The consolidation simplifies the administrative structure and removes barriers to participation for interested members. Two cochairs, appointed by the Society president and board of directors, lead the EPDC. The awards, accreditation, and material advantage committees comprise the three standing committees. Deltech Furnaces We Build The Furnace To Fit Your Need™ Standard or Custom Control systems are certified by Intertek UL508A compliant. www.deltechfurnaces.com 9 10 Credit: Rudi Metselaar acers spotlight Society and Division news (continued) Under the awards committee, all awards of CEC and NICE will continue: The Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture, Arthur Frederick Greaves-Walker Lifetime Service Award, Outstanding Educator Award, and Karl SchwartzwalderProfessional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award. The accreditation committee will continue to support ABET educational and accreditation activities with a more direct connection to ACerS board of directors and other education-focused volunteers. Structure within the EPDC allows members to engage in activities they feel are most beneficial to the Society and the ceramic and glass profession. Additional ad-hoc committees can be formed as needed. The EPDC will continue successful student contests at MS&T each October, organize “lunch with industry\" events to engage students, and work closely with the CGIF. The breadth and depth of these activities will grow as members join EPDC and drive new activities. ACerS members, including students, with an interest in education and professional development may join the new EPDC free of charge. To learn more, visit www.ceramics.org/EPDC. The EPDC is always looking for volunteers and suggestions for new activities, ideas, and programs. If you are interested in getting involved with the new class, contact Marissa Reigel, marissa.reigel@ srnl.doe.gov, or Janet Callahan janetcallahan@boisestate.edu. Come to ACerS Annual Meeting at MS&T! Help determine the future of ACerS and learn what the future holds for our Society. Mark your calendar for ACerS 119th Annual Meeting, Monday, October 9, from 1-2 p.m., featuring the president\'s State of the Society report, vision for the Society, new officer inductions, and member town hall with Q&A. Names in the News ACers members named Honorary Fellows of European Ceramic Society ECers presented awards to ACerS members at their meeting in Budapest, Hungary in July. (Left to right): Moritz von Witzleben, ECerS president-elect, Gary Messing, Victor Pandofelli, Yoshio Sakka, Mrityunjay Singh, Masahiro Yoshimura, and Pavol Sajgalik, ECerS president. Kathleen Richardson, (left), with Sir Richard Brook, and ECerS past president Anne Leriche. Richardson receives Richard Brook Award ACerS past president Kathleen Richardson received ECerS Richard Brook Award, which is presented to ceramists outside Europe for outstanding contributions to ceramic science or technology and for enhancing understanding and collaboration within the international ceramic community. Credit: Kathleen Richardson Seal earns Trustee Chair award at University of Central Florida The University of Central Florida (Orlando, Fla.) recently awarded Sudipta Seal, Pegasus Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Trustee Chair. UCF established the fiveyear appointment to retain outstanding UCF faculty and attract exceptional faculty to UCF. Padture named Otis E. Randall University Professor Padture Brown University (Providence, R.I.) recently named ACerS Fellow Nitin P. Padture to the Otis E. Randall University Professor endowed chair. In memoriam Carl Cline Gene Dixon Visit ACers website for more obituaries www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Member spotlight From corporate memberships to corporate partnerships While the majority of ACerS members are individuals, many ceramic and glass companies also desire membership. Some want to gain access to membership benefits for their individual employees, while others join to support their industry. For some companies, membership is part of their marketing strategy. Companies are very important to ACerS, its membership, and the ceramic and glass supply chain. Recognizing the great value that companies provide to the industry and the importance of connecting suppliers with end users, ACerS corporate member program is changing to better enable member companies to engage in ACerS events and activities. Increased engagement helps foster mutually beneficial partnerships between corporate partners and members, which ultimately serve the industry as a whole. Acers offers three levels of corporate partnerships: Corporate Partner Diamond Corporate Partner: MMorgan ☑ Advanced Materials mo.sci CORPORATION SAINT-GOBAIN EC Engineered Ceramics You have known the name Engineered CeramicsⓇ for years. It has always been associated with high quality products, excellent performance and innovative solutions for our customers. Those attributes will continue to be the hallmark of the company but today one thing has changed. We proudly become SELEE ADVANCED CERAMICS Quality Products. Lasting Performance. 24 West End Drive Gilberts, IL 60136 USA 800-756-8794 seleeac.com TM Sapphire Corporate Partner: CeramTec Danel Cene Neth Anti Advanced Ceramic Technologies Trans-Tech Ceramics and Advanced Materials UNIMIN. We encourage members to support our corporate partners. All partners receive a landing page on the ACerS website that includes a brief description and contact information. To learn more about ACerS corporate partnership program, contact Kevin Thompson, membership director, at (614)794-5894 or kthompson@ ceramics.org. An ACers lifetime membership offers multiple benefits \"My affiliation with ACerS goes back to 1990. Since then, I have enjoyed excellent networking, peer support, several honors, and scholarly collaborations through the decades. Lifetime membership is my lifelong commitment to ACerS and the science and engineering of ceramics and glass.\" - S.K. Sundaram, ACerS lifetime member Now, you can make the same commitUNLOCK THE ANSWERS TO YOUR CERAMICS QUESTIONS WITH X-Section Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Metal Matrix Composite - AlSiC SMART FLEXIBLE POWERFUL SEM Questions about... • Phases? • Porosity? • Inclusions? • • Microstructures? • Bond Interfaces? Come see how JEOL high resolution, analytical SEMs and precision Cross Section Polishers help you get answers. Visit jeolusa.com/ceramics and see us at MS&T \'17 • Booth #209. JEOL Solutions for Innovation salesinfo@jeol.com Tip of Dental Drill Bit American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 11 acers spotlight Member spotlight (continued) ment to ACerS. Designed for those dedicated to a career in the ceramic and glass profession, this membership option allows members to • Enjoy continuous and enhanced benefits, Awards and deadlines MS&T17 registration for ACerS Distinguished Life and Senior, Emeritus members ACerS offers complimentary MS&T17 registration for Distinguished Life Members and reduced registration for Senior and Emeritus members. These special offers are only available through ACerS at http://bit.ly/MSTspecialrates. Send completed forms to Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org. ACerS/BSD Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition The Roland B. Snow Award is presented to the Best of Show winner of the 2017 Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition organized by the Basic Science Division. Held at MS&T17 in October in Pittsburgh, Pa., the annual poster exhibit promotes use of microscopy and microanalysis in the scientific investigation of ceramic materials. Winning entries are featured on the back covers of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Learn more at http://bit.ly/RolandBSnowAward. NEW! ACers Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award Nomination deadline: January 15, 2018 This new award recognizes a distinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and glass discipline. Nominees must have been a member of the Global Graduate Researcher Network and have completed a doctoral dissertation as well as all other graduation requirements set by their institution for a doctoral degree within 12 months prior to the application deadline. Visit www.bit.ly/GDDDAward for nomination instructions. • Save time and money by avoid paying dues increases, • Never worry about awards eligibility due to membership lapses, • Receive reduced registration rates for meetings (beginning at age 60), and Appreciate peace of mind knowing you\'ll never have to pay dues again. Students and outreach Compete with your peers in student contests at MS&T17 Challenge your fellow Material Advantage members from around the world at MS&T17 by competing in these student contests: Undergraduate student speaking and poster contests Submit entries for the MA undergraduate student speaking and student poster contests by September 18, 2017. Design contests for students Start working on your pieces for the ceramic mug drop and ceramic disc golf contests. These popular contests will be held during MS&T17 on Tuesday, October 10 in the exhibit hall. Contact Brian Gilmore at Brian.Gilmore@pxd. com with your intent to participate. For more information on any MS&T student activities, visit www.matscitech. org/students or email Tricia Freshour, tfreshour@ceramics.org. Congratulations to Cements Division student poster and YouTube contest winners The Cements Division hosted its 8th Advances in Cements-Based Materials meeting June 26-28 at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta). Congratulations to these students on their presentations! 2017 student poster winners Alexander Brand, National Institute of Standards and Technology Kai Gong, Princeton University Join the growing list of lifetime members with a one-time payment of $2,000. To learn more about lifetime membership benefits, contact Kevin Thompson, membership director, at (614) 794-5894 or kthompson@ceramics.org. Abhishek Master, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Azadeh A. Asghari, Missouri University of Science & Technology 2017 YouTube contest winner Marisol Tsui Chang, Oregon State University Learn how to review journals at MS&T17 seminar Plan to attend \"The benefits of being a reviewer for technical journals\" on Wednesday, October 11, noon-1 p.m. at MS&T17 in Pittsburgh, Pa. ACerS journal editors will show young professionals, emerging professionals, and graduate students how becoming a journal reviewer can enhance careers and publishing experiences. Mark your calendars now! Going to the 78th GPC? Student travel grants and tour available The Glass Manufacturing Industry Council will offer $400 travel grants to graduate and undergraduate students attending the 78th Conference on Glass Problems, November 6-9, 2017, in Columbus, Ohio. Students can also attend the Owens Corning Fiberglass manufacturing plant tour in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, November 6, from noon-4 p.m. To apply for a grant or register for the tour, contact Donna Banks at dbanks@gmic.org by September 30, 2017, or visit http://bit. ly/GPCstudents. 12 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION CGIF provides travel support to summer school in Budapest In conjunction with its 15th Conference and Exhibition, The European Ceramic Society hosted its summer school, Innovative Technologies in the Field of Ceramic Manufacturing, July 7-8, 2017, in Budapest, Hungary. As part of its commitment to student exchanges and travel grants, the CGIF was pleased to provide travel support for 12 students to attend. Travel grant recipient Yailuth Loaiza from the Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) at the poster session. To be eligible for consideration, applicants needed to be members of ACerS, Material Advantage, Keramos, or the ACerS Global Graduate Researcher Network and attend a non-European based university. Students who attended ECerS summer school were positively impacted by the wealth of knowledge provided. \"This summer school was a great opportunity for me as a computational Ph.D. student in ceramics to know the main concepts in the experimental area and get different ideas for my future research,\" Arezoo Emdadi, Ph.D. candidate in materials science and engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Rolla, Mo.) enthused. The next student exchange opportunity will be January 19–23, 2018, at ICACC18 in Daytona Beach, Fla., when the CGIF sponsors the Winter Workshop. The workshop provides a combination of technical and professional development sessions and offers outstanding networking opportunities for ceramic and glass students and young professionals from around the world. CGIF Materials Science Classroom Kit used in Serbia Vojislav V. Mitic, professor at the University of Niš (Niš, Serbia), recently incorporated lessons and labs from the Materials Science Classroom Kit into his curriculum. The kits are designed to make scientific concepts relevant, interesting, and fun, and to generate interest in careers in our field. The hands-on demonstrations and labs are a proven way of getting students interested in subject matter that they will need to know as they prepare to enter the innovative, high-tech workforce of today. The kit includes most of the items needed to perform demonstrations and labs, and is accompanied by The Magic of Ceramics, a book that introduces the nontechnical reader to many exciting applications of ceramics while teaching key scientific concepts. The kit also includes a flash drive with an introductory PowerPoint presentation that outlines each lesson, instructional videos for each demonstration, and study guides for each chapter of The Magic of Ceramics. The teacher\'s manual provides scientific concepts, learning objectives, lesson instructions, discussion questions, and student handouts for each demonstration and lab. Lesson plans can be downloaded at no charge from www.ceramics.org/ free-lesson-download. Credit: Yailuth Loaiza nanoScience Instruments Brighter SEM Source Automatic Analysis nanoscience.com/acers The Phenom Scanning Electron Microscope has a brighter electron source than traditional SEMS. Better Images + Defect Detection Software Automatic Results info@nanoscience.com 480.758.5400 nanoscience.com/acers PHENOMWORLD Improving Ceramic Raw Materials And Reducing Cost. Additive-A • Lower Losses Higher Extrusion Efficiency ⚫• Increased Plasticity • Reduced Water Content • BioKeram Improved Rheology Improved Green/Dry Strength • Faster Drying • Reduced Cracking Additive-A and BioKeram are a range of products from Borregaard, the world\'s leading supplier of high performance bipolymers to the ceramics industry, with more than 50 years experience in the ceramics market. Bill Daidone bill.daidone@borregaard.com Phone (940)781-1715 Borregaard LignoTech Miguel Ten miguel.ten@borregaard.com +(34) 93 479-1101 www.borregaard.com IMPROVINGCERAMICS.COM American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 13 ceramics in energy How do ceramics compare? Comprehensive review stacks up recent lithium-ion battery research With so much research on lithiumion batteries, it is sometimes hard to make sense of it all. Now, that might be a lot easier, thanks to Rice University researchers\' review of recent lithium-ion battery research. The review stacks up lithium-ion cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials against one another, focusing on how batteries perform across a wide temperature range. \"We searched hard to find one paper that talks about all the problems at the same time and what all the individual components experience at extreme temperatures, and we couldn\'t find one,\" Hemtej Gullapalli, a postdoctoral researcher at Rice and coauthor of the paper, says in a Rice press release. \"So we believe this is a good opportunity to survey the field.\" In addition to reviewing organic and ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium-ions, the review also stacks up solid polymer and solid ceramic electrolytes as well, both of which offer performance at elevated temperature ranges. Gu 25020015010050Consumer electronics Military Temperature (°C) -50Commercial grade AIPO, Coated Al Doped With LiPF, salt Al doped розвоз 017 With RTIL Carbon LIBOB Solid ceramic electrolytes enable a wider range of operating temperatures than solid polymer electrolytes, according the researchers\' map below, although liquid organic electrolytes have the advantage of lower operating temperatures. \"Most research involving batteries and temperatures involve management systems: For instance, if a phone is used in cold temperatures, they slow it down a little bit to preserve the battery,\" Gullapalli explains in the release. \"But we found in our review that the perspective is changing slightly. To make batteries that work from low to high temperatures, scientists have to take the materials perspective to see what temperature is specifically doing to the materials.\" Altogether, by comparing energy densities and temperature ranges for battery components of various materials, the review provides a comprehensive view of material pros and cons to guide future battery research and development. \"Building an ideal or a close-to-ideal system requires a thorough understanding of the subtle mechanisms and With molten salt 3D, carbon decorated Carbon coated Organic electrong point Polymer electrolyte Carbon-free electrode Full cell with LMO With RTIL With FEC With VC With RTIL $ $ Hard carbon Amorphous monolithic Graphite mixture With PC-RTIL With RTIL Liquid Esters Mixture of carbonates Fluorinated carbonates Lactones PP13-TFSI Solid Solid Ceramic Polymer EMI-FSI LIPON Sulfide Glass Phosphates PEO-Polyimide PVDF PEO- PTFE 3 ¥ § § § § ³ } } I ƒ ^ [ { Cathodes Anodes Electrolytes PEO A map created by materials scientists at Rice University will help labs develop lithiumion batteries for extreme environments. Credit: Ajayan Group; Rice University replacing each delinquent component with a suitable alternative,” Pulickel Ajayan, Rice materials scientist and senior author of the new paper, says in the release. \"A trivial component at ambient conditions can change the whole electrochemistry when exposed to high temperatures.\" \"We compared stabilities of materials with respect to each other and against a temperature scale,\" Ajayan adds in the release. \"This will help researchers cherry-pick a required combination for their needs.\" The review, published in Nature Energy, is \"A materials perspective on Li-ion batteries at extreme temperatures\" (DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.108). Thin-film perovskites offer potential for flexible aerosol-jet printed solar cells Researchers at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) in Dayton, Ohio, are taking a page from newspaper printing to create solar cells out of thin-film perovskites. Solar cells are typically made with pure crystalline silicon and formed into flat wafers. But perovskites are being studied by solar researchers because of the material\'s superior conductivity, low cost, ease of fabrication, and light-absorbing capabilities. Because it is not typically found in nature in its pure form, silicon, an inorganic material, requires an enormous amount of energy to extract it from silicon dioxide (sand). And it is very inflexible, which limits its solar applications. The researchers wanted to use a flexible material that could be printed on a flat surface, similar to how newspapers are printed on rolls of paper. \"We needed a material that was easy to print and at the same time able to capture sunlight,” Santanu Bag, a project scientist leading the WPAFB research team, says in a WPAFB news release. \"We determined an inorganic-organic 14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Credit: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Starbar and Moly-D elements are made in the U.S.A. with a focus on providing the highest quality heating elements and service to the global market. IR-- 50 years of service and reliability 50 1964-2014 I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511 Fax: (716)542-2100 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com www.isquaredrelement.com Santanu Bag, a project scientist at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory, explores costefficient manufacturing of solar cells using additive technology. hybrid material would be easy to print and could still harvest solar energy.\" Which is why he and his team chose thin-film perovskites. According to Bag, thin-film perovskite materials have been around for at least two decades and have previously been used in LED technology. \"Researchers knew it had solar ability, but this was not the focus at the time,\" Bag adds in the release. To break down perovskite into a consistency the researchers could use in a printer, they had to atomize the material to create tiny droplets, which they then sprayed through the nozzle of an aerosol-jet printer onto a flat surface. The resulting aerosol-jet printed solar cells had an efficiency of 15.4%. The researchers also test-printed the material onto a 3-D surface. Although the resulting efficiency was only 5.4%, they are hopeful that they can improve upon it. Bag says they \"know it can be done.\" The flexible nature of perovskite material for solar cells offers a wider variety of applications, including clothing, robotics, and self-powered sensors. \"Once you know how to print it, it has huge potential for other applications,\" he says. They have already filed an application for a patent and plan to conduct further research. The paper, published in Advanced Energy Materials, is \"Aerosol-jet-assisted thin-film growth of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites-A means to achieve high quality, defectfree films for efficient solar cells\" (DOI: 10.1002/ aenm. 201701151). TAⓇ® Instruments Buy one of our NEW Discovery Laser Flash or Optical Dilatometry Platform systems, get a FREE Dilatometer! promo.tainstruments.com/bogo American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 15 ceramics in energy Defect-free surfaces may be key to preventing formation of lithium dendrites, advancing solid-state batteries Researchers have long known that dendrite formation is a big problem for solid-state batteries. Despite a lot of research, dendrites still plague the development of better batteries. According to a new study by a team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.), that may partially be because research has focused on the wrong key parameter to prevent dendrite formation in solid electrolytes. To prevent dendrites from infiltrating into solid electrolytes, previous work focused on shear modulus, with the thinking that a stiffer material would be more resistant to allowing dendrites to infiltrate within. But the MIT team\'s new work shows that firmness is not the most important parameter for developing a solid electrolyte that is effective against dendrite formation-instead, a defect-free surface, which does not provide a place for dendrites to form, is key to a better battery. The team tested four solid electrolytes: amorphous 70/30 mol% Li₂S-P₂S5, polycrystalline B-LiPS, and polycrystalline and single-crystalline Li La, ZrTa₁₂ garnet. Analyzing how those electrolytes performed during charge-discharge cycles revealed important insights into how dendrites form. The results showed that microscopic defects on the surface of a solid electrolyte provide an opportunity for lithium dendrites to start growing-the lithium migrates from the electrode and latches onto the defect. That deposition seeds growth of a dendrite, growing from its tip to wedge a crack into the electrolyte. \"It\'s the crack propagation that leads to failure,\" Yet-Ming Chiang, Kyocera Professor of Ceramics at MIT and senior author of the new research, says in an MIT News story. “It tells us that what we should be focusing on more is the quality of the surfaces, on how smooth and defect-free we can make these solid electrolyte films.\" The team thinks that developing solid a Roughness = 200 nm \" 10 μm OZym 15 Roughness = 4 nm 10 μm 10 μm 20 μm OF New research suggests that achieving smoother surfaces on a solid electrolyte could eliminate or greatly reduce the problem of dendrite formation. electrolytes with smoother surfaces could drastically reduce dendrite formation, making batteries that are less prone to short-circuit and that last longer. And in fact, there is already previous research to support the idea. Battery expert John Goodenough and a team of researchers reported earlier this year that a glass interlayer can prevent dendrite formation in solid-state batteries that the team devel oped at University of Texas at Austin. It seems plausible that the smooth surface of the glass interlayer could have accounted for the battery benefits. In addition to making safer batteries, preventing dendrite formation could also open the door to incorporating solid lithium electrodes into batteries, which would double their capacity-a must for smaller, more powerful batteries to power our future. The paper, published in Advanced Energy Materials, is \"Mechanism of lithium metal penetration through inorganic solid electrolytes\" (DOI: 10.1002/ aenm. 201701003). find your vendors with ceramicSOURCE.org Credit: Massachusetts Institute of Technology 16 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 research briefs Superior carbide surface may provide sufficient ultrahigh temperature ceramic for hypersonic aircraft One of the challenges of hypersonic air travel is the loud sonic boom that results from traveling faster than the speed of sound. But another problem exists with the heat generated by the plane as it reaches those high velocities. gas When an aircraft travels that fast, temperatures around the plane can quickly heat up to 2,000-3,000°C. Hot air and surrounding the plane as it torpedoes through the atmosphere can erode the plane\'s surface. Those processes-oxidation and ablation-can destroy the plane\'s structure, causing the surface to pull away from the metal underneath. This is where ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) come in to play. UHTCs have melting points >3,000°C and are used in extreme environments. Even some UHTCs are not up to the task of protecting aircraft from high temperature extremes-but there may be a new material on the horizon. Researchers at the University of Manchester (United Kingdom) and Central South University (Changsha, China) have developed a carbide coating that is stronger than zirconium carbide, a UHTC typically used in tool bits. \"...One of the biggest challenges is how to protect critical components such as leading edges, combustors, and nose tips so that they survive the severe oxidation and extreme scouring of heat fluxes at such temperatures cause to excess during . . 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Credit: The University of Manchester HIGH SPEED, MECHANICAL, AND HYDRAULIC POWDER COMPACTION PRESSES FOR UNPRECEDENTED ACCURACY, REPEATABILITY, AND PRODUCTIVITY Research News High-tech sensing illuminates concrete stress testing Using the principles of light, University of Leeds (Leeds, United Kingdom) scientists have discovered a new way to measure the strength of modern forms of concrete. Their approach is based on applying a complex light-refracting coating, designed to display stress positions, to the surface of concrete beam samples. The epoxy coating has the ability to split light waves in different directions in relation to the amount of stress acting in those directions and reflecting back to a photonic camera. The camera then takes a picture showing where stress levels are most extreme before cracks or fractures occur. For more information, visit www.leeds.ac.uk. GASBARRE PRESS GROUP MONOSTATIC AND DENSOMATIC ISOSTATIC PRESSES FEATURING DRY BAG PRESSING 814.371.3015 www.gasbarre.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 17 research briefs Credit: Ai.Comput\'In; Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 flight,” Philip Withers, University of Manchester professor and research team member, says in a news release. \"Current candidate UHTCs for use in extreme environments are limited and it is worthwhile exploring the potential of new single-phase ceramics in terms of reduced evaporation and better oxidation resistance,\" lead researcher Ping Xiao explains in the release. The team used a process called reactive melt infiltration to create a Zros Ti2C0.74B0.26 coating and then reinforced it with a carbon-carbon composite. They discovered the resulting coating was 12-times superior to ZrC and more resistant to high temperatures. According to the paper\'s abstract, “The sealing ability of the ceramic\'s oxides, slow oxygen diffusion, and a dense and gradient distribution of ceramic result in much slower loss of protective oxide layers formed during ablation than other ceramic systems, leading to the superior ablation resistance.\" The paper, published in Nature Communications, is \"Ablation-resistant carbide ZrTi2C74B0.26 for oxidizing environments up to 3,000°C\" (DOI: 10.1038/ ncomms15836) Stronger, more conductive alloy could replace silicon in MEMS Although silicon may appear to be a \"wonder element,\" it does have its limitations, especially as a component in the manufacture of micro-electro-mechanical systems, or MEMS. At high temperatures, MEMS lose their strength and conductResearch News ing ability, and, because it tends to be brittle, silicon-a major component of MEMS-can break easily. 3333 Kevin J. Hemker, the Alonzo G. Decker Chair of Mechanical Engineering at the Whiting School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Md.), is leading a team of scientists developing new conducting materials for MEMS. 0345M LF-H415 A nanotwinned metal film could find its way into micro-electromechanical systems in future electronics. Specifically, the scientists write in a paper describing their findings, future applications for MEMS devices, such as the Internet of Things, “demand the development of advanced materials with greater strength, density, electrical and thermal conductivity, dimensional stability, and microscale manufacturability. MEMS materials with this suite of properties are not currently available.\" ACerS members Jessica Krogstad and Gianna Valentino are authors on the paper. The team experimented with nickel alloys, adding molybdenum and tungsten because of their high melting points and heat-resistant properties. Vaporizing these metal alloys and atomically depositing them onto a substrate resulted in a thin film–29 micrometers thick—that \"exhibited extraordinary properties,\" according to a Johns Hopkins news release. The film was able to hold its Russian scientists develop technology for production of transparent aluminum Specialists from the National Research Nuclear University MEPHI (Moscow, Russia) and multi-institutional collaborators have developed a technology to produce compacts from aluminum oxynitride (AION). To obtain \"transparent aluminum,\" researchers applied the method of spark-plasma sintering. In this case, electric current passes directly through the mold and pressing billet, but not through an external heater. Very rapid heating is achieved by pulsed current for an extremely short work-cycle time. For more information, visit https://eng.mephi.ru. 18 shape when pulled and deformed, \"three times greater than high-strength steel.\" \"We thought the alloying would help us with strength as well as thermal stability,\" Hemker adds in the release. \"But we didn\'t know it was going to help us as much as it did.\" According to the release, \"the remarkable strength of the material is due to atomic-scale patterning of the alloy\'s internal crystal structure. The structure strengthens the material and has the added advantage of not impeding the material\'s ability to conduct electricity.\" Now that they have a viable material to work with, Hemker\'s team plans to start creating MEMS components with it-and they have already filed a patent for their research. The paper, published in Science Advances, is \"Nanotwinned metal MEMS films with unprecedented strength and stability” (DOI: 10.1126/ sciadv. 1700685). Unlocking piezoelectric secrets of BCZT Research at the University of Arkansas (Fayetteville, Ark.) sheds light on how lead-free barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) works, providing insights that may result in other lead-free materials being developed as well. By creating an atomic-level model of BCZT, scientists determined that its piezoelectric response originates from a structure that allows for easier fluctuations in polarization over a narrow temperature window around room temperature. The findings may point the way to creating other leadfree piezoelectric substances by mixing materials with desirable traits. For more information, visit www.news.uark.edu. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Cambier Theumas E. (Ted) Day ow Of The Society Follow Of The Society Kazumi Kato The You or Fellow Of The Society Sharon Marrs Fellow Of The Society Fellow Of The Society CORETIC The American CAFORTRO Society AFTERCOR CORTIC Honoring the ACerS Awards Class of 2017 Over its long history, The American Ceramic Society has established a tradition of awards to recognize its members\' outstanding contributions and accomplishments and to create career benchmarks for aspiring young scientists, engineers, and business leaders. The most prestigious of ACerS awards is designation as a Distinguished Life Member, a recognition bestowed upon only two or three members each year. In 2017, three individuals will receive DLM honors: Richard C. Bradt, Marina R. Pascucci, and Masahiro Yoshimura. The Society will elevate 15 members to Fellow and recognize many more outstanding members with various Society, Division, and Class awards and lectures that will be presented at ACerS Annual Awards Banquet at MS&T17, October 8-12 in Piitsburgh, Pa. 2017 DISTINGUISHED LIFE MEMBERS Richard C. Bradt Dick Bradt enjoys watching things grow. And over the course of about the past 50 years, Bradt-and undoubtedly many othershave watched his professional trajectory grow into quite the successful career. During his undergraduate training at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.), Bradt sat in the classroom of W. David Kingery, who quite literally wrote the book on ceramics. But it was during his time at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, N.Y.), where Bradt received his M.S. and Ph.D., that he met his real mentor in the field-Bob DeVries. \"He\'s the guy-he was a real mentor to me in ceramics,\" Bradt says. \"He instilled in me a lot of the geology and crystallography that are necessary in ceramics.\" After graduating from RPI and then taking a brief stint in industry, Bradt in 1967 joined the faculty at Pennsylvania State University (State College, Pa.), DeVries\' alma mater, at the mentor\'s urging. There, Bradt says, he felt right at home. And despite eventually going on to accept positions at the University of Washington in Seattle, University of Nevada-Reno, and the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa-where he is currently professor emeritus-Bradt has stuck with ceramics ever since. And ceramics have definitely stuck with him. Bradt\'s research has broadly focused on the fracture of structural ceramics, refractories, and glasses. That work has taken him all over the world, including sabbaticals in Japan, Brazil, Chile, and Great Britain. Being able to continue to stay active in the field, even after retirement, has been one of the most rewarding aspects of his career, Bradt says. And one of the most meaningful aspects of his career, Bradt adds, is the awards he has been honored with over the years. Bradt proudly holds a cache of prestigious awards, including ACerS Jeppson, W. David Kingery, Bleininger, Planje-St. Louis Refractories, and Richard M. Fulrath Awards. He also has a host of other notable honors-for instance, Bradt is Fellow of both ACerS and ASM, an academician of the World Academy of Ceramics, and distinguished life member of UNITECR, the international refractories organization. A career so successful and so successfully decorated does not come overnight. It needs time to grow, and it requires dedication, passion, and patience to do so. And Bradt\'s patience is perhaps most clearly demonstrated in one of his interesting hobbies-growing trees from seeds. He grows various types of trees, some of which grow fast and some of which grow slow, Bradt says. Regardless of the type of tree, however, the process of preparing seeds is largely similar-he collects and cleans the seeds, and then places them in the refrigerator. There they sit, chilled in a plastic bag filled with peat moss and some moisture, for an entire winter, the refrigerator keeping American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org the seeds cold enough to germinate, Bradt explains. The following spring, he plants the seeds. \"Sometimes they sprout, and sometimes they don\'t-you need patience.\" But patience pays off. One year, Bradt even dontated 100 Japanese maple seedlings to Habitat for Humanity. That patience has undoubtedly paid off professionally, too, helping him mentor more than 100 masters students and 50 Ph.D. students during the course of his career. Bradt remains in touch with many of his students today, he says. An ACerS member for almost 50 years, Bradt belongs to the Refractory Ceramics, Basic Science, and Glass and Optical Materials Divisions, and he has served on the Board of Directors as a vice president of the Society. Bradt says the Society is an incredible international community, full of individuals who are always willing to help and provide guidance-just like himself. \"I\'ve met a lot of good people,\" Bradt reflects. \"I have nothing but fond memories.\" Marina R. Pascucci Marina Pascucci did not really set out to be a ceramic and materials science engineer. What she really wanted to do was major in math. When she applied to Alfred University (Alfred, N.Y.), a recruiter told her during an interview that they were trying to get more women to join the engineering school. 19 Credit: ACerS They offered her the option of a dual degree in math and ceramics. \"They told me I could try it, and if I didn\'t like it, I could switch out and stay with math,” she recalls. That was during the early 1970s, when women were not encouraged to study subjects in male-dominated fields. \"When I was in high school, guidance counselors rarely suggested engineering school to female students,\" Pascucci adds. Since she went down that path, Pascucci has had no regrets. She switched majors to chemistry midway through school and graduated from Alfred with a B.S. in ceramic science and a B.A. in chemistry. Pascucci went on to earn her M.S. and Ph.D. in ceramics and materials science from Case Western Reserve (Cleveland, Ohio) and credits the recruiter at Alfred for encouraging her to enter the ceramics field. Pascucci has been dedicated to the ceramics industry since she left school. She spent 10 years working in research, which included two years as a research scientist for Battelle (Columbus, Ohio) and seven years as senior member of technical staff at GTE Laboratories (Waltham, Mass.). After spending five years in academia as assistant professor of materials science at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Worcester, Mass.), Pascucci entered the corporate world in 1997, when she joined CeraNova Corporation (Marlborough, Mass.). She currently is director of government programs and contracts at CeraNova, where she is responsible for business development, customer relations, and program management for many government clients-including managing Department of Defense projects totaling $20 million. Pascucci holds three patents in the area of transparent polycrystalline ceramics and has co-authored 30 papers on processing, characterization, and applications of advanced ceramics, including transparent polycrystalline ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, ceramic-ceramic composites, and radiation damage in α-quartz. Pascucci is an ACerS Fellow and received the F.H. Norton Distinguished Ceramist Award and Alfred University\'s Career Achievement Award. Realizing the value of membership in a professional society, Pascucci joined ACers while she was still an undergraduate, and has been an active member ever since. She is a member of the Basic Science, Engineering Ceramics, and 20 Manufacturing Divisions, and held several officer positions on numerous committees, including Honorary Members chair, Ross Coffin Purdy Award chair, VP for publications, and others. Although she has worked in many types of positions-research, faculty, C-level-Pascucci considers her term as Society president to be her most rewarding position. She says she has developed many friendships and made a lot of professional contacts over the years through her ACerS membership. “The networking has been very helpful,” she says. \"A lot of people who have been professional colleagues have now become my friends. It\'s an opportunity to meet so many people from all over the world.\" Masahiro Yoshimura Masahiro Yoshimura is a rock star in the field of ceramics. Like music rock stars, he has an international following, has brought his message to many countries and venues, has a few \"greatest hits,\" and graciously accepts his role as a leader. Yet his professional style bears little resemblance to rock stars-no entourage follows him, he greets all with warmth, he leads without drawing attention to himself, and he carries himself with humble delight at the impact of his life\'s work in ceramics. He describes himself as \"never highlighted as fashionable, but recognized as a true academician.\" Statistics back up his claim. A prolific author of more than 700 articles as well as other works, his work has been cited in more than 17,500 articles. His h-index is 67, which means he has written 67 papers with at least 67 citations each. No wonder Thomson Reuter in 2001 classified him as one of ISI\'s highly cited researchers! Tokyo Institute of Technology was Yoshimura\'s research home for most of his career. He earned his M.S. and Ph.D. from the Institute in 1967 and 1970, respectively. On graduation, he continued with Tokyo Institute\'s Research Laboratory of Engineering Materials for eight years, becoming associate professor in 1978, full professor in 1985, and emeritus in 2008. Today he is Distinguished Chair Professor and director of the Promotion Center for Global Materials Research at the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan. Academia was a good fit for Yoshimura. \"I like challenging research and study, including discussion and education-I have a strong curiosity to know unknown matters,\" he says. He was attracted to ceramic materials because \"ceramics are one of the most complicated materials,\" and his instinct told him the timing was good. \"Frankly speaking,” he: says, \"ceramics was not in fashion in the 1960-70s, but personally I had a feeling something may come in future. Of course, I did not understand what, when and how at that moment. I was rather lucky because the so-called ceramics boom came in the 198090s, when I was most active in my career.\" His research has focused on advancing processing of ceramic workhorse materials: zirconia, barium titanate, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, hydroxyapatite, and others. He studied low-temperature processing techniques, such as hydrothermal processing and “soft processing\" technologies. He conducted numerous fundamental phase equilibria studies, especially on zirconia and other rare-earth oxide systems. More than 30 of these diagrams are in the ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibria Diagrams database. His research has always had strong international collaborations. In the 1970s, he was at CNRS Laboratories in France and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. As emeritus professor, he has enjoyed visiting professorships at Tohoku University in Japan, University of Limerick in Ireland, ETH in Switzerland, and Institute of Metal Research, CAS, in China. Since 2010 he has been chair professor at National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan. Yoshimura was introduced to ACerS through its journal, and during his time at MIT he joined the Society\'s Basic Science Division. He helped organize many ACerS meetings and received ACerS Fulrath Award. He is founding president of the International Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Association. The European Ceramic Society included him in its first class of only eight Honorary Fellows in 2017. With his distinctive long, white beard, Yoshimura is easy to find in a crowd and quick with a smile. “I am a very happy and lucky person because of job-pleasure-hobby,\" he says. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 The 2017 Class of Fellows Brennecka Geoff Brennecka is assistant professor in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and the Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics at the Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colo.). He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in ceramic engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla and a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from the University of Illinois (Champaign, Ill.). He received the ACerS Emerging Leader Award, Du-Co Ceramics Young Professional Award, and the Karl SchwartzwalderPACE Award. Brennecka serves as associate editor of JACerS, chair of ACerS Electronics Division, and sits on ACerS Board of Directors. His research focuses on processing and applications of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and related ceramic materials in bulk and thin film forms. Fotheringham Ulrich Fotheringham is senior principal scientist in the materials development directorate of Schott AG (Mainz, Germany). He earned a Ph.D. in physics from Johannes Gutenberg University. He holds 20 patents and has published 40 journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers. Fotheringham\'s research interests include non-equilibrium thermodynamics, structure-property relations, and materials modeling in inorganic glass. Graeve Olivia Graeve is professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, director of the CaliBaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, and faculty director of the IDEA Engineering Student Center at the University of California, San Diego. She holds a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from the University of California, Davis. Her numerous awards include ACerS 2010 Karl Schwartzwalder Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award and the National Science Foundation CAREER award. Graeve\'s research focuses on fundamental studies of the design, synthesis and processing of new materials for extreme environments (ultra-high temperatures, radiation, impact). Soo Kim Eung Soo Kim is professor in the Department of Materials Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon, Kyonggi-do, Korea. He is VP of the Korean Ceramic Society and editor-in-chief of the Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society. He holds an M.D. and Ph.D. in electronic ceramics from Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea) and received the Academic Award of the Korean Ceramic Society. He is a member of ACerS Electronics Division and a reviewer for JACerS and IJACT. Kim\'s research focuses on development of electronic ceramics by tailoring the crystal structure for microwave dielectric materials, LTCC technology, ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics, ceramic processing, and microstructure-property relations. Ley Tyler Ley is Williams Foundation professor of civil engineering at Oklahoma State University (Stillwater, Okla.). He holds a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. He earned several awards, including the NSF Career Award, the American Concrete Institute Faculty Achievement Award, and the Regents Research Award from OSU. Ley served as secretary, cochair, and chair of ACerS Cements Division. His research has focused on understanding and ultimately manipulating early age behavior, mechanical properties, and long-term durability of cements through development of sensors, testing equipment, and novel structure and chemical imaging. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org Lu Kathy Lu is professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, Va.). She holds an M.S. and a Ph.D. of materials science and engineering from The Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio). She is a member of ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division, where she organized 22 ACerSsponsored symposia at various conferenc es. Lu is associate editor of JACerS and served on the board of the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers. Her research interests are powder materials, energy materials, composites, and func tionally/structurally graded materials and porous materials. Mitic Vojislav Mitic is scientific adviser at the Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He holds a Ph.D. in material science from the University of Nis (Nis, Serbia). Mitic has published in more than 460 scientific publications, where he pioneered applications of fractal geometry and analysis in the study of ceramics materials, nanotechnology, and energetic issues. He is president of the Serbian Ceramics Society and has been an invited lecturer at many conferences, including EMA and ICACC. Mitic\'s main research focus is in electronic ceramic materials. Narayan Roger Narayan is professor of the Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, N.C.) and North Carolina State University (Raleigh, N.C.). He holds an M.D. from the School of Medicine at Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem, N.C.) and a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from NCSU. His research focuses on laser processing of ceramics and laser-based addi21 The 2017 Class of Fellows (continued) tive manufacturing of ceramics. Narayan has earned numerous awards, including ACerS Robert L. Coble Award and the Richard M. Fulrath Award. Ormond Paul Ormond is a senior account manager at AluChem Inc. (Cincinnati, Ohio), where he works on market development for reactive alumina products. He holds a B.S. in ceramic engineering from Alfred University (Alfred, N.Y.). Ormond is past chair of ACerS Refractory Ceramics Division and past program chair of the St. Louis Refractories Symposium. He previously received an ACerS Global Ambassador Award. Parr Chris Parr is senior vice president, innovation, sustainable development and technology at Kerneos SA, Paris, France. He holds a B.S. in chemistry from University of York (York, U.K.). He also holds numerous patents in the field of hydraulic binders based on calcium aluminates technologies and their applications in refractories. Parr is a member of ACerS Refractory Ceramics Division and is chairman of the Federation for International Refractory Research and Education, which promotes higher education in refractory materials engineering. Sakka Yoshio Sakka is senior scientist and an advisor of the graduate program office at the National Institute for Materials Science (Tsukuba, Japan). He holds a Ph.D. from Kyushu University (Fukuoka, Japan). He is a member of ACerS Basic Science Division and has received numerous awards, including ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award and ACerS Spriggs Phase Equilibria Award. Sakka\'s research interests include fabricating innovative ceramics that show novel 22 22 individual property and/or multifunctional properties among electric, dielectric, thermal, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties through development of nanoparticle processing and novel sintering techniques. Shimamura Kiyoshi Shimamura is associate professor at Waseda University (Tokyo, Japan) and research associate at Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan). He holds a Ph.D. in chemistry from Tohoku University. Shimamura is a member of ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division and has earned many awards, including ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award. His primary research field is growth and characteristics of single crystals for electrical and optical applications, some of which is already commercialized. Tidrow Steven Tidrow is Inamori Professor of material science and engineering at Alfred University (Alfred, N.Y.) He holds an M.S. in applied physics from Texas Tech University (Lubbock, Texas) and a Ph.D. in engineering physics from the University of Oklahoma (Norman, Okla.). Tidrow was chair of ACerS Electronics Division and is also a member of ACerS Basic Science and Manufacturing Divisions. His areas of research include RF sensing, microwave material and device characterization, materials for energy storage and conversion, and RF tunable materials and frequency-agile RF components for multi-function RF Vandiver systems. Pamela Vandiver is professor of materials science and engineering, codirector of the program in Heritage Conservation Science, head of the Laboratory for Cultural Materials, and adjunct professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona (Tucson, Ariz.). She holds an M.A. in art glass, cast bronzes, and large ceramic sculptures. Her research focus is on the technological history of faience and other glassy materials in Egypt and Mesopotamia, medieval Ishkor plant-ash glaze technology of central Asia, Chinese Song dynasty glazes, Neolithic Yangshao and Longshan pottery, and technology transfer of glaze technologies from China to the rest of east and southeast Asia. She recently was chair of ACerS Art, Archaeology and Conservation Science Division. Vaẞen Robert Vaßen is department head at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-1, Jülich, Germany. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from RWTH Aachen University (Aachen, Germany). Vaẞen holds more than 20 patents and is a reviewer of several journals, including JACerS and IJACT. His research focuses on development of different coatings for advanced power plants as thermal barrier coatings for gas turbines and environmental barrier coatings for ceramic matrix composites. -9 MONDAY Awards Banquet Join us to honor the Society\'s 2017 award winners at ACerS Annual Awards and Honors Banquet, Monday, October 9 at MS&T17. Purchase banquet tickets with your conference registration or contact Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org. Tickets must be purchased by noon on October 9, 2017. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Society Awards W. DAVID KINGERY AWARD recognizes distinguished lifelong achievements involving multidisplinary and global contributions to ceramic technology, science, education, and art. Mrityunjay Singh is chief scientist, Ohio Aerospace Institute (Cleveland, Ohio). He holds a Ph.D. in metallurgical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology-BHU Singh (Varanasi, India). He is an ACerS Fellow, ACerS past president, and has received numerous awards, including ACerS John Jeppson, Richard M. Fulrath, Samuel Geijsbeek, and James I. Mueller Lecture awards. JOHN JEPPSON AWARD recognizes distinguished scientific, technical, or engineering achievements. Susan Trolier-McKinstry is Steward S. Flaschen ROSS COFFIN PURDY AWARD recognizes authors who made the most valuable contribution to ceramic technical literature in 2015. \"Readily processed protonic ceramic fuel cells with high performance at low temperatures\" Science 2015, Vol. 349 Issue 6254 by Chuancheng Duan, Jianhua Tong, Meng Shang, Stefan Nikodemski, Michael Sanders, Sandrine Ricote, Ryan O\'Hayre, and Ali Almansoori Almansoori Shang Meng Shang is R&D scientist at APL Engineered Materials (Urbana, Ill.). Jianhua Tong is associate professor of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University Ali Almansoori is dean of engineering and associate (Clemson, S.C.). Tong professor in the Department of Chemical TrolierMcKinstry Professor of Ceramic Science and Engineering, professor of electrical engineering, and director of the nanofabrication facility at Pennsylvania State Duan University (State College, Pa.). She is an ACerS Fellow, an academician of the World Academy of Ceramics, and a past president of Keramos. Her main research interests include thin films for dielectric and piezoelectric applications. O\'Hayre ROBERT L. COBLE AWARD FOR YOUNG SCHOLARS recognizes an outstanding scientist who is conducting research in academia, in industry, or at a government-funded laboratory. Juejun Hu is Merton C. Ricote Engineering at the Petroleum Institute (Abu Dhabi, U.A.R.). Chuancheng Duan is a research assistant and Ph.D. candidate at the Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colo.). Ryan O\'Hayre is professor of metallurgical and materials engineering at the Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colo.). Sandrine Ricote is associ ate research professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colo.). Nikodemski Stefan Nikodemski is a Ph.D. graduate in materials science from the Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colo.) RICHARD AND PATRICIA SPRIGGS PHASE EQUILIBRIA AWARD honors authors who made the most valuable contribution to phase stability relationships in ceramic-based systems literature in 2016. \"High temperature phases with wurtzite-derived structure in Zn,LiGaO4ZnO alloy system\" Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 688, Part A 69-76 (2016) by Masao Kita, Tomoaki Fukada, Shu Yamaguchi and Takahisa Omata Fukada Tomoaki Fukada has worked in the plastics industry in Japan for six years. Hu Flemings Career Development Associate Professor in the Department of Material Science and Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.). He holds a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from MIT. His research interest is enhanced photon-matter interactions in nanophotonic structures, with an emphasis on on-chip spectroscopy and chemical sensing applications using novel infrared glasses. Hu is a member of ACerS Glass & Optical Materials Division. Sanders Michael Sanders is research assistant professor for the Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics in the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colo.). American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org Kita Masao Kita is associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National Institute of Technology, Toyama College (Toyama, Japan). 23 Omata Yamaguchi Takahisa Omata is professor at the Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan). Shu Yamaguchi is professor at the Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan). DU-CO CERAMICS YOUNG PROFESSIONAL AWARD is given to a young professional member of ACerS who demonstrates exceptional leadership and service to ACers. Reigel Marissa M. Reigel is principal engineer in the Immobilization Technology Section at Savannah River National Laboratory, (Aiken, S.C.) where she focuses on processing and immobilization of legacy nuclear waste, including formulation and properties of radioactive waste forms, materials design bases for nuclear facilities, material compatibility analyses, and project management. Reigel is a member of ACerS Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division and has served as cochair of ACerS Young Professionals Network, representative to the Material Advantage committee, and cochair of the Student Activities Council. She was recently named cochair of ACerS Education and Professional Development Council. MEDAL FOR LEADERSHIP IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY recognizes individuals who have made substantial contributions to the success of their organization and expanded the frontiers of the ceramics industry through leadership. Michaelis Alexander Michaelis is president of the Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS (Dresden, Germany). He holds a Ph.D. in electrochemistry from the University of Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf, Germany). He is an ACerS Fellow and has received numerous awards, including ACerS Bridge Building Award. He also served on many boards, including ACerS Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation. Sastri Suri Sastri is founder, CEO, and chairman of Surmet Corp. (Burlington, Mass.), an ACerS corporate member. He holds a Ph.D. in metallurgical engineering from Imperial College (London, U.K.). His research focuses on innovations leading to very high volume at lower cost manufacturing of transparent ceramics. Sastri has earned several awards, including ACerS Corporate Technical Achievement Award. ACERS/NICE: ARTHUR FREDERICK GREAVES-WALKER LIFETIME SERVICE AWARD recognizes an individual who has rendered outstanding service to the ceramic engineering profession and who, by life and career, has exemplified the aims, ideals, and purpose of the Education and Professional Development Council. William Mulllins is program officer of synthesis and processing of advanced materials on the adjunct faculty in the Department of Mathematics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He holds an Sc.D. in materials science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.). Mullins served as president of the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers and committee member on the SchwartzwalderProfessional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award committee. EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL: OUTSTANDING EDUCATOR AWARD recognizes truly outstanding work and creativity in teaching, directing student research, or general educational process of ceramic educators. Carter W. Craig Carter is POSCO Professor of Materials Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.) and an adjunct faculty member at École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne. He holds a Ph.D. in materials science from the University of California, Berkeley. He cofounded 24M, a company that produces grid scale energy storage solutions. His research focuses on mesoscale modeling of materials properties and microstructural evolution, battery materials, and electro-chemo-mechanics. Carter is an ACerS Fellow and past chair of the Basic Science Division. He has received many awards, including ACerS Ross Coffin Purdy, Robert L. Coble, and Richard M. Fulrath awards D.T. RANKIN AWARD recognizes a member of the Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division who has demonstrated exemplary service to the division. Cozzi Alex D. Cozzi is Fellow engineer with the Savannah River National Laboratory at the Department of Energy\'s Savannah River Site (Aiken, S.C.). He holds a Ph.D. in materials science from the University of Florida (Gainesville, Fla.). He is an ACerS Fellow, an active member and past chair of the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division, and active member and past president of the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers. His research focuses on cementitious waste forms for radioactive waste disposal. 24 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Corporate Technical Achievement Award recognizes a single outstanding technical achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics. SELEE CORPORATION SELEE Corporation is the recipient of the ACerS Corporate Technical Achievement Award for the development of an aluminosilicate-based ceramic foam filter for molten iron and aluminum filtration. Hayashi The product was developed out of a need to replace traditional silicon carbide ceramic foam filters that proved to be costly and environmentally unfriendly. Also, the new product line stabilized an unreliable supply chain. The attributes of aluminosilicate combined with a newly engineered ceramic formulation enabled creation of a product equal in performance with an improved supply chain. SELEE IC is free of silicon carbide, yet capable of meeting the thermal shock and refractoriness challenges of iron foundry filtration applications. All ceramic materials for the product are sourced from the U.S., eliminating the impact of ocean freight costs, foreign currency fluctuations, and political risks. SELEE Corporation, located in Hendersonville, N.C., is a leading manufacturer of ceramic foam. The company holds patents in Mexico, Canada, U.S., India, China, Europe, and Russia. Richard M. Fulrath Symposium and Awards To promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists Symposium: October 9, 2017 | Akitoshi Hayashi Development of ionconducting glasses for solid-state batteries Akitoshi Hayashi is professor of applied chemistry at Osaka Prefecture University in Japan. He holds a Ph.D., M.S., and B.S. in materials science from OPU. Hayashi\'s research focuses on ion-conducting glasses for energy storage devices. Ihlefeld Jon Ihlefeld New functionality from reconfigurable ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric films Jon Ihlefeld is associate professor of materials science and engineering and electrical and computer engineering at the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.). He holds a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from North Carolina State University (Raleigh, N.C.). His research interests include synthesis, processing, and integration of electroceramic thin films and resulting functionality-with main areas of focus in ferroelectrics, dielectrics, oxide semiconductors, and fast ion conductors. Ihlefeld has earned several awards, is secretary of ACers Electronics Division, and cochair of EAM 2018. Kawamura Chie Kawamura Synthesis of high crystalline and fine BaTiO3 powder for 2 - 4:40 p.m. thinner Ni-MLCCs via solid state route Chie Kawamura is manager of the Materials Research and Development Department of the Research and Development Laboratory at Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). She holds a Ph.D. in engineering from the Keio University (Tokyo, Japan). Her research includes synthesis technique of finer particles by solid state route, contributing to increased capacity and decreased size of MLCCs. Tanaka Hideki Tanaka Development of mass production of Ninanopowder for the internal electrode of MLCC by DC thermal plasma process Hideki Tanaka is group leader for Shoei Chemical Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) where he oversees development of Ni-nanoparticle for internal electrodes of MLCC. He holds a Ph.D. from Hosei University (Tokyo, Japan). His research background includes functional material synthesis by plasma technology, research and synthesis of ultrafine particles, and DC plasma process allowing for development of binary and tertiary alloy nanoparticles. His current focus is the synthesis of new functional materials for an electronic device and establishment of its mass production process by plasma. Klaus van Benthem Do fields matter? Microstructure evolution in ceramic oxides Klaus van Benthem is van Benthem associate professor for materials science and engineering at the University of California, Davis. He holds a Ph.D. in materials science from the Max-Planck-Institute for Metals Research (Stuttgart, Germany). His research focus is characterization of atomic scale defect structures and their evolution under applied stress fields, and electric fields on ceramic microstructure evolution, and mechanisms of solidstate dewetting for metal/ceramic interfaces. Klaus has served as chair and cochair of MS&T, PACRIM, and EMA conferences. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 25 ACerS Award Lectures EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE PLENARY SESSION Tuesday, October 10, 2017, 8–10:40 a.m. Steven J. Zinkle, Governor\'s Chair professor, University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge, Tenn.) What\'s new in nuclear reactors? Orton Steven Zinkle earned his Ph.D. in nuclear engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His current research focuses on using materials science to explore fundamental physical phenomena important for advanced nuclear energy applications and microstructureproperty relationships. Zinkle is an ACerS Fellow and a member of ACerS Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division. He received the ACerS NETD Best Paper Award and serves on ACerS Rustum Roy Lecture Award committee. His research interests include deformation and fracture mechanisms in structural materials, advanced manufacturing, and investigation of radiation effects in ceramics, fuel systems, and metallic alloys for fission and fusion energy systems. ACERS/NICE ARTHUR L. FRIEDBERG CERAMIC ENGINEERING TUTORIAL AND LECTURE Monday, October 9, 2017, 9-10 a.m. Rosario A. Gerhardt, professor of materials science and engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, Ga.) Structure-property-processing relationships in composite materials Friedberg Rosario A. Gerhardt holds a doctoral degree from Columbia University. She is an ACerS Fellow and past executive officer of ACerS Electronics Division. Her research focuses on determining structure-property-processing relationships in a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics, and their composites in bulk and in thin film form—emphasizing electrical and optical characterization of materials supplemented by AFM, SEM, TEM, X-ray, and neutron scattering in addition to numerical modeling. ACERS FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY-RUSTUM ROY LECTURE Tuesday, October 10, 2017, 1-2 p.m. Qingjie Zhang, president, Wuhan University of Technology (Wuhan, China), director of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, chair professor of materials science and engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, and chief scientist of the Chinese National \"973\" Program for Thermoelectric Materials Global energy challenges and development of thermoelectric materials and systems in China Rustum Roy Qingjie Zhang holds a Ph.D. from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Wuhan, China). He has received several national awards for technological invention, including the National Natural Science Award of China. His research focuses on inorganic nonmetallic materials and composites with special function, including thermoelectric materials and applications, energy storage materials, conductive ceramics, and intelligent composite materials. BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION ROBERT B. SOSMAN AWARD AND LECTURE Wednesday, October 11, 2017, 1-2 p.m. Michael J. Hoffmann, professor of ceramic materials and systems at the Institute for Applied Materials at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Karlsruhe, Germany) Grain growth in perovskite-based ceramics Sosman Michael J. Hoffmann holds a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Stuttgart (Germany). He is an ACerS Fellow, a member of ACerS Basic Science and Engineering Ceramics Divisions, and has served on several ACerS committees, including director. His research focuses on sintering and microstructural evolution of engineering and functional ceramics, ceramic processing, mechanical behaviour of brittle materials, defect chemistry in perovskites, ferroelectric ceramics, and materials for electrochemical storage and conversion. 26 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Credit: Reproduced by permission of Oerlikon Metco Protective and functional ceramic coatings― An interagency perspective By Stephen W. Freiman, Sanjay Sampath, and Lynnette D. Madsen Thermal barrier and environmental barrier coatings protect superalloy and ceramic matrix composite turbine engine components. Advances in coating processing and materials could drive improved engine efficiencies. We e apply ceramic coatings substrates for a variety to of reasons, including for protection, to improve durability, and to add functionality. Thin- or thick-film coatings provide thermal, corrosion, and wear protection and impart frictional, conductive, dielectric, magnetic, and sensory attributes. (Table I). As an exemplar, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are pervasive in engineering components (Figure 1). In addition, coatings are growing in importance as functional surfaces. The Interagency Coordinating Committee for Ceramic Research and Development (ICCCRD) is composed of representatives from government agencies with programs on ceramics. ICCCRD hosts regular workshops on selected topics of interest. Previous ICCCRD workshops, in which additional scientists also were invited to attend, focused on materials databases, ² scarce materials,³ ceramic education,4 and computation and modeling. 5 The most recent ICCCRD Temperature Gradient Hot combustion gases Ciramic Top Coat Combustor Credit: Siemens Energy TOO layer Bond coat Super-alby Substrate Cooling air Steam Cooling Credit: Sanjay Sampath Figure 1. Schematic of a thermal barrier coating (center), along with images of a coated stator vane (left) and an annular combustor covered in coating tiles (right). American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 27 Protective and functional ceramic coatings-An interagency perspective Table I. Sample ceramic coating applications and manufacturing processes System Aeroengine turbines Application Thermal barrier coatings Material Partially stabilized zirconia (with yttria) on Pt/Al bond coat Environmental barrier coatings Rare-earth silicates on ceramic Process Electron beam physical vapor deposition Atmospheric plasma spray Atmospheric plasma spray composites (SiC-SiC) Abradables/rubbing surfaces Land-based turbines Thermal barrier coatings Porous zirconia with initial polymer followed by burnout Partially stabilized zirconia on CoNiCrAIY bond coat Atmospheric plasma spray Yttrium oxide; aluminum oxide Atmospheric plasma spray Zirconia-based systems Yttria-stabilized zirconia; perovskites based on manganites Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate) dielectric coatings Semiconductor manufacturing Etch-resistant coatings; components Thermal insulation coatings Electrolytes; electrodes/ interconnects Diesel engines Solid oxide fuel cells Medical implants Bioceramic surfaces for osteointegration workshop, which took place in March 2016, focused on ceramic coatings and films, emphasizing TBCs and EBCs for engine applications and thermal protection systems used in reentry vehicles. Although we recognize that ceramic thick films and coatings also find varied applications in electronic multilayers, fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectrics, and sensors, we devote little space to these topics herein. Instead, we maintain the focus of the ICCCRD workshop. History of films and coatings In a recent publication, Greene traces the history of film technology during the 5,000 years until the early 1900s. Although he devotes most of the paper, particularly the early part, to metal films, he provides a remarkable perspective on the development of various deposition procedures. As early as the mid-1760s, researchers used cathodic-arc deposition to grow metal oxide films. With the advent of sol-gel processing in the mid- to late-1800s, interest in ceramic and glass coatings grew-first with silica, followed by silazanes (hydrides of silicon and nitrogen) and vanadium pentoxide, and then other oxides. Around the same timeframe, sputter deposition and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition emerged. Greene discusses the use of CaF2 films deposited by thermal evaporation to produce antireflective coatings. He points out that reactive evaporation 28 Atmospheric plasma spray Various processes (tape casting, electrophoretic deposition plasma spray) Atmospheric and vacuum plasma spray of metal oxides for optical films, such as TiO2, was developed in the 1950s. Today, we extensively use ceramic films for myriad applications. Herein, we focus mostly on two historical aspects of coating technology-TBCs and EBCs. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), a predecessor to NASA, sponsored an early study on the use of ceramic coatings applied to turbine engine components in an effort to operate them at higher temperatures. NACA published a report on the study in 1947.7 This study, begun in 1942 at the National Bureau of Standards, the predecessor to NIST, involved use of alumina-containing frits that were sprayed onto metal alloys and then fired. Thermally treating the coated parts at elevated temperatures had varying degrees of success. Some of these frits later were tested on actual turbine blades. Early studies (ca. 1960) also involved the use of flame-sprayed coatings for rocket applications, 9,10 specifically zirconia-based coatings used in X15 rocket nozzles. Pratt and Whitney conducted some of the first efforts to use TBCs for commercial aircraft applications beginning in the early-1970s. Miller\' reports that plasma-sprayed TBCs were used in commercial conductors at about this time. NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, did considerable early work on TBCs.11 Researchers there in 1976 successfully applied plasma-sprayed Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 coatings to a variety of nickel-based superalloys containing an up aluminum-rich, nickel-based bond coating. Testing these structures for to one hour in a burner rig at temperatures up 1,540°C resulted in some degradation, although the coatings did reduce surface temperature by up to 190°C with no observed gross spalling. Ceramic coatings of today Modern coatings comprise a large array of materials and range in thickness from one monolayer to thick films. Manufacturers produce them through various methods, from vapor deposition to spray deposition, and the coatings include a vast array of materials. Areas of focus and interest include new materials, tunability of microstructure and properties, growth of artificial materials (such as superlattices) and metastable phases, and strain engineering. Slightly more than half of the awards in the Ceramics Program at the National Science Foundation (NSF) deal with coatings, layers, or films (based on the grant title and/or abstract). A similar percentage includes surfaces, interfaces, or nanowires, with a tremendous richness in the variety of materials. There are important applications that rely on functional properties and a material\'s hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. These include dielectric coatings—such as SiO2, AIN, and Si,N-used in microelectronics, and hard coatings-such as SiC, TiN, TiB₂, and Al2O3-for wear and corrosion protection. According to Glen Mandigo, executive director of the United States Advanced Ceramic Association (USACA), a speaker at the workshop, coating opportunities exist for fibers and nuclear fuels as well as monolithic ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs). One interesting application is high-conductivity, antireflective coatings for optical windows. However, at NASA and Department of Defense agencies, a smaller subset of materials-especially TBCS, EBCs, and ultra-high-temperature coatings-garner interest. Current issues for TBCs Several presenters at the ICCCRD workshop focused on use of hightemperature TBCs and EBCs in turbine www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 engines. Representatives from the Office of Naval Research (Steven Fishman), NASA Glenn Research Center (Dongming Zhu), and the Center for Thermal Spray Research at Stony Brook University (Sanjay Sampath) presented various aspects of ongoing research and development on such coatings. Commercial and military aircraft as well as land-based engines representing 20% of the world\'s generation of electricity extensively use turbine engines. 12 A recent publication provides an excellent compilation of articles on current TBC research and technology. 13 At the workshop, Sampath pointed out the extensive use of TBCs in engines and showed the evolution of materials during many years (Figure 2). He illustrated the point that coatings are pervasive in gas turbine engines, where they are used for thermal protection as well as wear and corrosion resistance. He emphasized that a goal of developing improved coatings is to make them \"prime reliant,\" i.e., their performance is essential to operation of the engine. Sampath showed how improved thermal spray manufacturing, coupled with a better understanding of microstructure development, has led to significantly improved properties, such as fracture toughness, to lead to durable and reliable performance.¹4 Fishman showed the progression of operating temperatures in an engine\'s hot section during many years (Figure 3). Higher temperatures are attractive, because they improve operating efficiency by enhancing combustion and reducing cooling requirements. Coatings also allow for component life extension, because they protect the underlying superalloy substrate from excessive heat, reducing thermal degradation and allowing for their reutilization through stripping and recoating during overhaul and repair. By some measures, coatings as a life extension strategy is of critical importance, because cost has become an overriding driver in addition to performance. Attack of TBCs and EBCs by environmental deposits, notably silica sand (e.g., desert sand, volcanic ash, and coal ash) that is ingested into flight engines, especially in dusty environments, was -2M Ibs/year Plasma sprayed TBCS Porous DVC Space program CSZ MSZ 12YSZ लता Pratt & Whitney GDZ application GE\'s DVC in manufacturing DOE ATS Prog Aero engine 7YSZ 1960 1970 1980 1990 DVCs invents Praxair SIEMENS MHI advanced low K Including OEM New processes Suspension plasma spray overhaul land/aero Plasma spray PVD 2000 2010 PW/Siemens invents GDZ Figure 2. Growth of the application of thermal barrier coatings via plasma spray (in pounds per year of powder consumption) since its evolution as well as key current and emerging microstructure, materials, and process variants.15 identified as a consensus issue at the workshop.16 Extensive studies have characterized deposits as a class of calcium magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) compounds with widely varied compositions. CMAS problems are relatively recent and are related to enhanced engine temperatures. When turbine inlet temperatures are high, CMAS dust or debris that normally would cause erosion of the coating (progressive thinning) can melt and rapidly penetrate porosity and cracks within the coating. Resolidification of CMAS within the pores can compromise coating compliance, resulting in delamination failure during the cooling cycle. In addition, complex phase assemblage in various dust sources makes prediction of reactions more difficult. 16 The porous nature of TBCs exacerbates this problem, compounded by the fact that most CMAS compositions do not react with yttria-stabilized zirconia, allowing the glassy liquid to penetrate all the way to the interface. CMAS has become the Achilles heel for continued enhancement of engine operational temperatures through use of TBCs. Strategies to address the CMAS problem are twofold: • Designing ceramic compositions that enable rapid reaction of CMAS, with the coating leading to formation of American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org crystalline phases to immobilize it; and • • Generating precipitation products that block access of residual melt to the TBC\'s interior. 16 Researchers are investigating newer zirconia stabilizing elements, such as gadolinium, hafnium, and ytterbium, to provide greater resistance to CMAS attack. 16 Fishman also discussed studies that suggest that MoSiB-based coatings on top of the TBC appear to restrict penetration of CMAS elements. 17 Zhu discussed some of the issues associated with EBC bond coats on CMCs used in turbine and combustor applications. These EBC materials protect SiC structure composites via moisture-induced recession. EBCs are multilayered and are based on dense rare-earth silicate-based coatings, which are applied with appropriate barrier bond coats. Designing these coatings by incorporating materials with matching thermal expansion coefficients is critical, because EBCs, unlike TBCs, need to be crackfree and have very limited porosity. Although much of the activity is within the proprietary regime of industry, academic activities have focused on yttrium and ytterbium monosilicates and disilicates, which typically are applied via plasma spray.18 Zhu presented some new developments at NASA in using hafnium oxide29 Credit: Sanjay Sampath Protective and functional ceramic coatings-An interagency perspective 1,7001,5001,300 CMCS With T/EBC cooling With TBC, film cooling 1,100Without TBC, convectional cooling 900 Ni-based superalloy Temperature (°C) TBCs Temperature capability 700 1965 1975 1985 1995 Year 2005 2015 2025 Figure 3. Historical trends in engine operating temperatures, showing temperature capabilities of various gas-turbine engine materials, including Ni-based superalloys (grey), TBCs (green, estimated), and CMCs (blue, estimated). Red lines indicate estimated maximum gas temperatures these materials would allow with cooling. Adapted from N.P. Pature, Nature Materials.12 based coatings for greater resistance to degradation. He also discussed research on alternative processing techniques, such as directed vapor electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and plasma spray physical vapor deposition, as a way to apply EBCs. 19 CMAS effects continue to be front and center even for EBCs, especially because temperatures are even higher with concomitant reduction in the impinging glass viscosity. 20 Coatings for reentry vehicles Workshop attendees also discussed other types of coatings needed for thermal protection. Sylvia Johnson from the NASA Ames Research Center spoke about coatings for reusable entry systems. Johnson noted that flight conditions expected for future NASA missions require specific coating properties for reusable thermal protection systems. These include • • • • High-temperature capability; High-thermal-shock resistance; Property stability during many flights; High surface emittance and low reactivity; 30 30 • Low thermal expansion coefficient; • Low thermal conductivity; and • Minimum weight. NASA currently is focused on a toughened unipiece reusable oxidationresistant ceramic called TUFROC.21 Manufacturers can provide the material in various configurations that consists of a cap and an insulator base. The cap and the base consist of a high-temperature, low-density, carbonaceous, fibrous material that can be treated with a tantalumbased composite formulation. They can use the material on wing leading edges, nose area, and control surfaces for temperatures up to 3,100°F. Future needs for ceramic coatings We need a wide assortment of research to understand and control the existing set of growth templates, thin and thick films, interfacial layers, surfaces, and ceramic coatings to extend their usefulness, achieve new functionality, and foster creation of new materials. Areas of study include • Examination of the degree of crystallinity (or amorphization); Effects of defects and impurities/ doping; Computation and predictive modeling; • Tuning and tailoring for specific applications; Credit: Adapted from N.P. Padture, Nature Materials.12 • Strain modification and engineering; and • Conversions (phase transformations) of sacrificial and barrier layers. We also need to address practical concerns, such as processing simplifications, increased efficiency, and reduced cost. Researchers have a high calling to address the challenges facing society and to do so in a sustainable manner. 22 For TBCs in particular, we need to develop new materials that are more resistant to CMAS attack while retaining the required resistance to fracture. As highly controlled structures gain importance in practical applications, other aspects, such as surfaces and modeling, warrant more attention. For example, Laurence Marks 23 of Northwestern University focuses specifically on oxide surfaces from bulk through nanoparticles-work that is broadly applicable to all ceramics. They share code with other users of Wien2k software 24 and consequently can perform electronic structure calculations of solids using density functional theory with more than 2,000 groups in 84 countries, including developed, underdeveloped, and developing countries. The ability to grow highly controlled, crystalline materials as large single crystals and as thin films is increasingly important. A recent academy report25 outlines the evolution and importance of materials with long-range periodicity of atomic positions for more functionality. NSF has answered this challenge through a new program called Materials Innovation Platforms (MIP), where equipment acquisition (up to $7 mil lion) and development of tools and techniques are expected to result in new materials that should be transformative. MIPs are five-year awards totaling $10$25 million and may be renewed once. Darrell Schlom 26 calls the new MIP award that he leads a mecca for materials discovery and envisions materials-by-design realization. The project seeks to advance understanding of oxide-based heterointerfaces with a range of 2-D material systems. The scientists expect to create novel electronic and magnetic functionalities, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and superconductivity. Another recently-funded MIP led by www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Joan Redwing27 focuses on 2-D chalcogenide materials for future electronics. Materials of particular interest include layered compounds that contain elements such as sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. A recent article 28 (resulting from an NSF workshop) outlines challenges in defining structure-property relations in films and confined 2-D ceramics (as well as bulk materials), controlling processing, working effectively with defects across time and length scales, creating ceramics for use under extreme conditions, and utilizing predictive modeling in design. Lastly, manufacturing science of ceramic coatings is expected to be central in enabling applications. Given that many scalable coating deposition processes (vapor deposition, plasma spray, etc.) operate in extreme environments with significant nonequilibrium exposures, the process-structure-property interplay is highly complex and thus requires nontraditional scientific considerations, including coupling between experiments and modeling. Efforts such as integrated computational materials engineering that can extend beyond material design and performance to incorporate manufacturing attributes, such as process-property relationships and reliability engineering, will be key to transition advanced ceramics into applications. About the authors Steve Freiman is president of Freiman Consulting (Potomac, Md.). Contact Freiman at steve.freiman@comcast.net. Lynnette D. Madsen is program director, ceramics, at the National Science Foundation (Arlington, Va.). Contact Madsen at Imadsen@nsf.gov. Sanjay Sampath is Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and director of the Center for Thermal Spray Research at Stony Brook University (Stony Brook, N.Y.). Contact Sampath at sanjay.sampath@stonybrook.edu. Disclaimer Any opinion, finding, recommendation, or conclusion expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the many conversations with participants in the workshop and others on this topic. References ¹S.W. Freiman, L.D. Madsen, and J.W. McCauley, \"Advances in ceramics through government-supported research,\" Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 88 [1] 27-31 (2009). 2S.W. Freiman, L.D. Madsen, and J. Rumble, \"A perspective on materials databases,\" Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 90 [2] 28-32 (2011). 3S.W. Freiman and L.D. Madsen, \"Issues of scarce materials in the United States,\" Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 91 [4] 40-45 (2012). 4S.W. Freiman and L.D. Madsen, \"The state of ceramic education in the United States and future opportunities,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 94 [2] 34-38 (2015). 5S.W. Freiman, L.D. Madsen, and W. Hong, \"Computation and modeling applied to ceramic materials,\" Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 95 [3] 36-40 (2016). J.E Greene, \"Tracing the 5000-year recorded history of inorganic thin films from similar to 3000 BC to the early 1900s AD,” Appl. Phys. Rev., 1, 041302 (2014). 7W.N. Harrison, D.G. Moore, and J.C. Richmond, \"Review of an investigation of ceramic coatings for metallic turbine parts and other high-temperature applications,\" Technical Note 1186, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D.C., 1947. 8S. Stecura, \"Two-layer thermal barrier coating for turbine airfoils-Furnace and burner rig test results,\" NASA TM X-3425, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 1976. \'R.A. Miller, \"History of thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine engines,\" NASA/ TM 2009-215459, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 2009. 10C.R. Morse, \"Comparison of National Bureau of Standards ceramic coatings L-7C and A-417 on turbine blades in a turbojet engine,\" NACA Research Memo E8120, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 1948. \"L.N. Hjelm and B.R. Bornhorst, \"Development of improved ceramic coatings to increase the life of XLR99 thrust chamber,\" NASA TM X-57072, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 1961. 12N.P. Padture, \"Advanced structural ceramics in aerospace propulsion,\" Nat. Mater., 15, 804-809 (2016). 13D.R. Clarke, N.P. Padture, and M. Oechsner, Eds., “Thermal-barrier coatings for more efficient gas-turbine engines,\" MRS Bull., 37 [Oct.] (2012). 14S. Sampath, W.B. Choi, G. Dwivedi, and A. Valarezo, \"Partnership for accelerated insertion of new technology: Case study for thermal spray,\" Integr. Mater. Manuf. Innov., 2:1 (2013) doi: 10.1186/2193-9772-2-1 15S. Sampath, unpublished work. 16C.G. Levi, J.W. Hutchinson, M.-H. VidalSetif, and C. Johnson, “Environmental degradation of thermal barrier coatings by molten deposits,\" MRS Bull., 37 [10] 932-41 (2012). 17J.H. Perepezko, T.A. Sossaman, and M. Taylor, \"Environmentally resistant Mo-Si-Bbased coatings,\" J. Therm. Spray Technol. 26, 929-40 (2017). 18B.T. Richards and H. Wadley, \"Plasma spray deposition of tri-layer environmental barrier coatings,\" J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 34, 3029-83 (2014). 19D. Zhu, \"Advanced environmental barrier coatings for SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composite turbine components\"; pp. 187-202 in Engineered Ceramics: Current Status and Future Prospects. Edited by T. Ohji and M. Singh. Wiley, New York, 2016. 20D. Poerschke, D. Haas, S. Estis, G. Seward, J. Van Slutman, and C. Levi, “Stability and CMAS resistance of ytterbium silicate EBCs/ TBCs for SiC composites,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 98 [1] 278-86 (2015). 21https://technology.nasa.gov//t2media/ tops/pdf/TOP2-241.pdf 22L.S. Sapochak and L.D. Madsen, \"Editorial: A material world,\" Open Science EU, ISSN 2397-7582, pp. 8-11 (June 2016). 23http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/ showAward?AWD_ID=1507101 24http://susi.theochem.tuwien.ac.at 25 National Research Council, \"Frontiers in Crystalline Matter: From Discovery to Technology.\" National Acadamies Press, Washington, D.C., 2009. https://doi. org/10.17226/12640. 26https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/ showAward?AWD_ID=1539918 27https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/ showAward?AWD_ID=1539916 28K.T. Faber, et al., \"The role of ceramic and glass science research in meeting societal challenges: Report from an NSF-sponsored workshop,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 100, 1777-1803 (2017). American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 31 Special benefits of bauxite for a stable porcelain microstructure in high-voltage insulation By Johannes Liebermann Bauxite offers novel potential to decrease microcrack formation in high-voltage porcelain insulators by resolving residual quartz particles in the microstructure. Figure 1. Seismic test of porcelain insulators with a height of 4 m on an earthquake test rig, stressing the porcelain with high dynamic forces caused by predetermined dynamic vibrations. Credit: Johannes Liebermann H igh-voltage insulators are the biggest and most complex products produced from silicate ceramic materials. They are critical components in transmission and distribution of electric energy. The reliable behavior of insulators over decades, in all locations, and in all climatic zones of earth, is the most crucial demand put on them. However, aging and strength-decrease caused by microcracks in the insulator microstructure are problematic, because microcracks grow under operational conditions and when stressed by temperature changes. To decrease microcrack formation during porcelain insulator aging, we must maximize reduction and resolution of undesired residual quartz particles inserted into the porcelain microstructure by kaolin and feldspar. A novel solution to this problem is the use of bauxite instead of alumina. Microcracks in alumina Depending on the purpose of an insulator, multiple types of mechanical stresses impact its porcelain composition (Figure 1). Therefore, we must continue to improve porcelain properties, especially strength. At TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Schulle¹ performed studies to determine and improve porcelain properties. He made a vital step along the development ladder in the mid32 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 200 Bauxite porcelain C 130 Alumina porcelain C 120 Arithmetic mean from strength values (20 at least) New Flexural strength (MPa) 150 100 50Zirconia porcelain Mullite porcelain Hard porcelain Cristobalite Quartz porcelain Figure 2. Development ladder of porcelain materials for highvoltage insulation.\' 1960s with introduction of alumina porcelain (Figure 2). Schulle replaced quartz, which was used previously, with alumina porcelain because of its basic strength: corundum. In 1972, Kroeckel² first reported a linear correlation between strength and Young\'s modulus. Therefore, the crucial question became how to maximize Young\'s modulus in porcelain. When we compare crystalline components of the porcelain microstructure (Tables 1 and 2), we immediately focus on corundum. Its high Young\'s modulus and high density suggest its strength. If we increase the portion of corundum in a porcelain microstructure, we increase the Young\'s modulus and density of the entire system-i.e., its strength. On the other hand, quartz and cristobalite crystalline phases exhibit limited strength and long-term microstructure stability because of their unstable extension behavior. During cooling, considerable volume contraction when passing from the alpha phase (>573°C) to the beta phase (<573°C) causes major stresses in the microstructure, which result in tear-off of quartz and cristobalite crystals from the surrounding glass matrix. Thus, microcracks the size of quartz crystals, which are inserted by kaolin and feldspar raw materials,³ already exist in the initial state of insulators when they leave the oven. Because of stresses during operation and from temperature changes, these microcracks grow, decreasing the strength up to insulator failure. Thus, bigger residual quartz crystallites in the porcelain microstructure result in larger microcracks and greater risk of insulator breakage. Credit: W. Schulle Frequency (%) Especially demanding investigations performed by RWE Essen and SAG Langen on demounted used quartz and alumina porcelain insulators confirmed progressive decrease of strength compared with initial strength of new insulators from various producers (Figures 3 and 4).5 Bauxite provides new possibilities σ m-1.2 $. $ Standard deviation 35 Years 20 Years 200 13-Fracti 12 100 1-Fractie 0179 1% Fracti 120 Breaking force (kN) Figure 3. Strength reduction over time for long-rod insulators made of quartz porcelain.5 1% fractile of tensile breaking load (kN) 250 Modern design B Old design C D 200 150 100 50 O Modern Insulator C120 Strength dimensioning limits C 110 quartz porcelain Old insulators 20 40 60 Service years 80 100 Figure 4. Strength reduction over time for long-rod insulators made of alumina porcelain by producers A, B, C, and D.³ Table 1. Mechanical parameters of quartz, mullite, and corundum monocrystals¹ Quartz Mullite Corundum Young\'s modulus (×10³ MPa) ~90 ~40 ~300-500 Compressive strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) ~2200 ~2200 ~3000 ~85 ~80 ~150-500 ~140 ~100 ~300-800 Minimizing or even avoiding microcracks the size of residual quartz crystallites (Figure 5) is an important developmental step to improve stability of the porcelain microstructure. Because of its high Al2O3 content (>80%), bauxite is the initial raw material for extraction of alumina. Bauxite Table 2. Parameters of density, thermal expansion possible porcelain microstructure components deposits in China and India permit use of more bauxite instead of alumina in these countries because of price. Bauxite is calcined, broken, and fine-ground at ~1,500°C. At this high calcining temperacoefficient (CTE), and expansion behavior of Corundum Density (g/cm³) CTE (10-6 K-¹) Expansion behavior 3.98 Mullite 3.16 Vitreous phase Quartz Cristobalite 2.27 2.65 2.33 8.0 4.5 3.0 12.3 10.3 + + + + + Linear Discontinuous American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 33 Credit: Johannes Liebermann Credit: Johannes Liebermann Special benefits of bauxite for a stable porcelain microstructure in high-voltage . . . (a) x1 C 130 (Б) Glass Quartz Corundum Acc.V Spot Magn Det WD Exp 25.0 kV 3.9 4000x SE 10.1 5832 5 μπ 3000 10PM E-PORZ. CA Pore Mullite 2.00KU 08.01.07 Gna IKTS Figure 5. (a-b) Quartz crystallites in alumina porcelain C 130 tear-off from the surrounding vitreous phase by volume contraction from quartz when cooled.4 ture, Al2O3 of the bauxite transforms into α-Al2O3 and thus already is introduced into the body as corundum. On a visit to India in December 2015, the author observed that the laboratory of an insulator producer was using an insulator body with Indian bauxite. Specimens were fired in a reducing atmosphere of a gas-heated test oven at 1,170°C. Results The resulting chemical composition of this bauxite under reducing firing atmosphere contained 80% Al2O3, 4% Fe2O3, and 2% TiO,. Other chemical impurities increased eutectic reactions and modified composition of the melt phase, resulting in earlier aggressive and especially reactive melting processes. These processes beneficially influence formation of desired features in the microstructure.4 The beneficially modified composition of the melt phase aggressively acts on undesired residual quartz particles, causing their far-reaching resolution. Under reducing firing conditions, increased TiO2 from the bauxite reacts with FeO, producing a new mineral, ilmenite (FeO-TiO2), and creating a black color in the porcelain body. Under oxidizing firing conditions, no ilmenite forms, and, thus, the body is not black. The darker color of a bauxite porcelain insulator fired under reducing condi 34 Cumulative frequency (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 Figure 6. Distribution of tions is not disadvantageous with regard to its technical function. 40 60 80 100 Length of quartz particles (μm) maximum length of the few existing quartz particles. Table 3. Essential physical parameters of C 130 alumina and C 130 bauxite porcelain microstructures To assess the microstructure quality of this novel porcelain, all essential physical parameters (Young\'s modulus, density, ultrasonic delay, and strength) were compared with adequate parameters of alumina porcelain C 130 (Table 3), with special interest in residual quartz content. The IKTS Fraunhofer Institute perYoung\'s modulus (GPa) Density (g/cm³) Ultrasound delay (m/s) Strength, unglazed (MPa) Undissolved residual quartz (%) C 130 bauxite porcelain C 130 alumina porcelain 1.21 144.37 2.72 2.81 6700 7145 170 174.5 2.5 0.4 formed a qualitative and quantitative Rietfeld microstructure analysis of the novel bauxite porcelain (Table 4). Table 5 shows the results of RFA chemical analysis of the examined www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Credit: Johannes Liebermann Credit: Johannes Liebermann Table 4. Quantitative portions of the crystalline phases in bauxite porcelain JLB 15 Phase Amount in original specimen (mass%) 32.9 ± 0.3 0.4 ± 0.1 Corundum Quartz Cristobalite 0.1 ± 0.1 Mullite 11.3 ± 0.3 Cordierite 3.7 ± 0.2 e-alumina 0.5 +- 0.2 Rutile 0.8 ± 0.1 Amorphous 50.4 ± 2.5 bauxite porcelain. The complex of physical parameters (Young\'s modulus, density, and ultrasound delay) correlated with the results of microstructure analysis. Under reducing firing atmosphere, bauxite\'s beneficially modified eutectic and thin-bodied melt phase act especially aggressively, resolving quartz particles in the microstructure (Figure 6). The portion of residual quartz still amounts to only 0.4% (Figure 6, Tables 3 and 4). Moreover, the reducing firing atmosphere produces a lower pore volume with smaller pores (Figure 7). Consequently, density, Young\'s modulus, and ultrasonic delay increased. These values are a reliable indicator for improved stability of the porcelain microstructure as achieved-this point alone emphasizes the special importance of the use of bauxite. Thanks to a confirmed far-reaching resolution of residual quartz particles, application of bauxite minimizes microcracks and decreases densification temperature and firing costs. Therefore, the bauxite porcelain presented here can be regarded as a technical perfection of today\'s alumina porcelain. Acknowledgments The author thanks Herrmann and the IKTS Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, for their friendly cooperation and realization of the presented microstructure analyses. These results were presented during a lecture held during the honorary colloHCWF-Kanka 16 Feb 2016 1 μm T WD = 4.3 mm Signal A = SE2 EHT = 1.60 kV Mag= 3.00 KX Tilt Corrn.- Off T= 0.0° Figure 7. FESM image of HF etched microstructure of bauxite porcelain JLB 15, showing only corundum, mullite, and small pores. quium for W. Schulle on his 80th anniversary, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, on April 8, 2016. References W. Schulle, \"Stand und perspektive der silikatischen isolationskeramik für die hochspannungsanwendung,\" Silikattechnik, 44 [11] 364-69 (1989). 20. Kroeckel, \"Beitrag zum festigkeitsverhalten keramischer werkstoffe,\" Hermsdorfer Technische Mitteilungen, 12 [33] 1039-52 (1972). Table 5. RFA chemical analysis (IKTS, No. 5416) of bauxite porcelain JLB 15 Formula Material portion (%) Al₂03 49.37 SiO2 40.94 ко 2.72 Fe₂03 2.07 TiO2 1.66 Nɑ₂O 1.04 CaO 0.92 MgO 0.84 P₂O$ 0.14 V₂O5 0.06 Sr0 0.05 Cr₂03 0.05 BaO 0.04 5H.J. Freese and H. Pohlmann, \"Betriebserfahrungen und untersuchungen an langstabisolatoren,\" Elektrizitätswirtschaft, 98 [22] 38-43 (1999). ZrO₂ 0.03 MnO 0.02 Rb₂O 0.01 NiO 0.01 3W.M. Carty and U. Senaparti, “Porcelain raw materials, processing, phase evolution and mechanical behavior,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81 [1] 3-20 (1998). 4J. Liebermann, High-voltage Insulators: Basics and Trends for Producers, Users, and Students, 2012. www.schulze-kg.de. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 35 36 36 Registration now open! www.matscitech.org JOIN US FOR THE ACERS 119TH ANNUAL MEETING! MS&T17 WWW.MATSCITECH.ORG The MS&T partnership brings together scientists, engineers, students, suppliers, and more to discuss current research and technical applications and to shape the future of materials science and technology. Register now to take part in the leading forum addressing structure, properties, processing, and performance across the materials community. OCT PLENARY LECTURES 8:30 10:40 a.m. De Cooman King 10 TUESDAY AIST ADOLF MARTENS MEMORIAL STEEL LECTURE - Bruno C. De Cooman, professor, Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology; Pohang University of Science and Technology Mechanical twinning in formable advanced ultra-high strength steel TMS/ASM JOINT DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP IN MATERIALS AND SOCIETY AWARD - Alexander H. King, director of the Critical Materials Institute, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Innovation Hub at Ames Laboratory What do we need and how will we get it? OCTOBER 8-12, 2017 DAVID L. LAWRENCE CONVENTION CENTER PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, USA 5-7 p.m. 6-7 p.m. SPECIAL EVENTS 8 SUNDAY ACERS KERAMOS RECEPTION K Keramos MS&T WOMEN IN MATERIALS SCIENCE RECEPTION -9 MONDAY ACERS BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION CERAMOGRAPHIC EXHIBIT AND COMPETITION 8 a.m. - 6 p.m. (Monday) | 7 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Tuesday) 7 a.m. - Noon (Wednesday, Thursday) 9 - 10 a.m. 1-2 p.m. 4:30 – 6 p.m. 4:30 - 6 p.m. PITTSBURGH COMPANION EVENT ACERS 119TH ANNUAL MEETING EXHIBITION SHOW HOURS ACerS Annual Meeting WELCOME RECEPTION & EXHIBITION GRAND OPENING 6:45-10 p.m. ACERS AWARDS DINNER (ticketed event) 6:45 - 7:30 p.m. (Reception) | 7:30 – 10 p.m. (Banquet) -10 TUESDAY 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. EXHIBITION SHOW HOURS 11 a.m. – 6 p.m. POSTER SESSION 11 a.m. – 1 p.m. (With presenters) | 1-6 p.m. (General viewing) Noon - 2 p.m. Noon - 2 p.m. MS&T FOOD COURT YOUNG PROFESSIONAL TUTORIAL AND LUNCHEON LECTURE (Purchase lunch with registration) Speaker: Elizabeth Holm, Carnegie Mellon University; Organized by the TMS Young Professionals Committee Zinkle ACERS EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE - Steven J. Zinkle, UTK/ORNL governor\'s chair professor, Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering; University of Tennessee, Knoxville What\'s new in nuclear reactors? 4-6 p.m. MS&T17 EXHIBIT HAPPY HOUR RECEPTION -11 9:30 a.m.-2 p.m. POSTER VIEWING WEDNESDAY 9:30 a.m. - 2 p.m. EXHIBITION SHOW HOURS Noon - 1 p.m. PUBLISH, DON\'T PERISH! \"Benefits of Being a Reviewer for Technical Journals\" www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 HOTEL INFORMATION RESERVATION DEADLINE: SEPTEMBER 15, 2017 For best availability and immediate confirmation, make your reservation online at www.matscitech.org. Omni William Penn Hotel - ACERS HQ | $199/night U.S. government rate rooms are extremely limited; proof of federal government employment must be shown at check-in or higher rate will be charged. U.S. government rate is the prevailing government rate, as of October 1, 2017, and subject to change. Unauthorized third-party housing companies have been contacting members to get them to reserve their sleeping room through them. In order to make a legitimate sleeping room reservation with your society\'s Headquarters Hotel, please use the links provided on the MS&T17 Hotel & Travel page. OCT 9 - 10 a.m. 9 ACERS LECTURES AND AWARDS MONDAY ACERS/EPDC ARTHUR L. FRIEDBERG CERAMIC ENGINEERING TUTORIAL AND LECTURE Friedberg - Rosario A. Gerhardt, Georgia Institute of Technology Structure - property - processing relationships in composite materials 2 - 4:40 p.m. ACERS RICHARD M. FULRATH AWARD SESSION - Akitoshi Hayashi, Osaka Prefecture University Development of ion-conducting glasses for solid-state batteries - Chie Kawamura, Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. Fulrath Synthesis of high crystalline and fine BaTiO 3 powder for thinner Ni-MLCCs via solid state route - Jon Ihlefeld, Sandia National Laboratories New functionality from reconfigurable ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric films - Hideki Tanaka, Shoei Chemical Inc. Development of mass production of Ni-nanopowder for the internal electrode of MLCC by DC thermal plasma process - Klaus Van Benthem, University of California, Davis Do fields matter? — Microstructure evolution in ceramic oxides 9 - 10 a.m. 10 TUESDAY MS&T PLENARY SESSION ACERS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture Orton - Steven J. Zinkle, University of Tennessee, Knoxville What\'s new in nuclear reactors 1-2 p.m. ACERS FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETYRUSTUM ROY LECTURE Rustum - Qingjie Zhang, Wuhan University of Technology Global energy challenges and development of thermoelectric materials and systems in China 2-5 p.m. ACERS ALFRED R. COOPER AWARD SESSION Cooper Distinguished Lecture Winners will be announced after selection by the Cooper Award Committee. Cooper 2017 2016 Alfred R. Cooper Young Scholar Award Presentation Winners will be announced after selection by the Cooper Award Committee. 1-2 p.m. 11 WEDNESDAY ACERS BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION ROBERT B. SOSMAN LECTURE Sosman - Michael J. Hoffmann, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Grain growth in perovskite-based ceramics GET INVOLVED WITH YOUR SOCIETY\'S PRESENT AND FUTURE! ACERS 119TH ANNUAL MEETING 309 David L. Lawrence Convention Center Monday, Oct. 9 | 1-2 p.m. This annual meeting features: • The president\'s State of the Society report • New officer inductions • The new president\'s vision • The members\' town hall and Q&A For details visit www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 31 37 MATSCITECH.ORG MS&T17 PROGRAM-AT-A-GLANCE DAVID L. LAWRENCE CONVENTION CENTER PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, USA Tentative Schedule, subject to change. Visit matscitech.org for the latest updates. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Additive Manufacturing of Composites and Complex Materials II Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Fatigue and Fracture Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Microstructure and Material Properties Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Post Processing Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Powder Feedstock Characterization and Performance Additive Manufacturing: In-situ Process Monitoring and Control Modeling and Simulation in Additive Manufacturing: Materials Design, Property Prediction, and Process Control Non beam-based Additive Manufacturing Approaches for Metallic Parts BIOMATERIALS Next Generation Biomaterials Surface Properties of Biomaterials CERAMIC AND GLASS MATERIALS ACers Robert B. Sosman Award Symposium: Tailoring Ceramic Microstructures: Understanding and Tuning of Materials Performance Alumina at the Forefront of Technology II Mon Mon Tue Tue Wed Wed Thu a.m. p.m. a.m. p.m. a.m. p.m. a.m. • • Plenary Plenary • • • • • Plenary • • • Plenary • Plenary Plenary • Plenary Plenary • • Plenary • Plenary Plenary Plenary Ceramic-based Optical Materials and Advanced Processing Plenary Ceramics and Glasses Simulations and Informatics • Plenary Glass Composites Plenary • Glass, Amorphous, and Optical Materials: Common Issues within Science & Technology • Plenary Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites Multifunctional Oxides Phase Transformations in Ceramics: Science and Applications ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS Advances in Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices Emerging Interconnect and Pb-free Materials for Advanced Packaging Technology Emerging Multifunctional Materials for Bio, EO, RF and Radiation Sensors ENERGY Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials for Alternative Energy Innovations in Materials and Processes for Solar PV Applications Materials for Nuclear Energy Applications Plenary • • . Plenary • • • Plenary Plenary Plenary • • Plenary Plenary Plenary . Plenary • Plenary Plenary • • Materials Issues in Nuclear Waste Management FUNDAMENTALS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING Actinide and Lanthanide Materials II • • Plenary Advancements in In-situ Electron Microscopy Characterization II • • Plenary Characterization of Fracture and Fragmentation Phenomena Across Multiple Length Scales: From Atomistic to Macroscopic Approaches • • Plenary Interfaces, Grain Boundaries and Surfaces from Atomistic and Macroscopic Approaches • • Plenary International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites Plenary • • • International Symposium on Defects, Transport and Related Phenomena • • Plenary • • . Materials Property Understanding through Characterization • • Plenary • Multiscale Modeling of Microstructure Deformation in Material Processing Phase Stability, Diffusion Kinetics, and Their Applications (PSDK-XII) Phase Transformations and Microstructural Evolution in Ti and Its Alloys Recent Advances in Computer-aided Materials Design Plenary • • • Plenary • • • Plenary . Plenary 38 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 Organizers: The American Ceramic Society AIST ASM INTERNATIONAL www.ceramics.org ASSOCIATION FOR IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY IRON AND STEEL (FERROUS ALLOYS) Advanced Steel Metallurgy: Products and Processing TMS The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Sponsored by: NACE INTERNATIONAL The Worldwide Corrosion Authe REGISTER BEFORE SEPTEMBER 2 TO SAVE! Advances in Zinc-coated Sheet Steel Processing and Properties Gas/Metal Reactions, Diffusion and Phase Transformation during Heat Treatment of Steel Shaping & Forming of Advanced High Strength Steels II MATERIALS-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Advanced Coatings for Wear and Corrosion Protection Mon a.m. Mon Tue Tue Wed Wed Thu p.m. a.m. p.m. a.m. p.m. a.m. Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary • Advanced Materials and Sensors for Harsh Environments Plenary Advanced Materials for Oil and Gas Applications - Performance and Degradation Materials Selection and Surface Analyses for Corrosion Prevention and Detection Surface Protection for Enhanced Materials Performance: Science, Technology, and Application Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Plenary Plenary • • Plenary • Plenary NANOMATERIALS Controlled Synthesis, Processing, and Applications of Structural and Functional Nanomaterials Nanotechnology for Energy, Environment, Electronics, Healthcare and Industry Applications Responsive Functional Nanomaterials Plenary Plenary • • • • Plenary • • • Plenary Theory, Manufacturing and Applications of Ceramic/Metal (CerMet) Nano-laminates PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING Advanced Manufacturing, Processing, Characterization and Modeling of Functional Materials • Plenary Boron, Boron Coatings, Boron Compounds and Boron Nanomaterials: Structure, Properties, Processing, and Applications • Plenary • • Design, Processing, and Development of Structural Materials Plenary • Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials (JASM XIX) Plenary • • • Light Metals Alliance: Light Metals Technology 2017 Plenary • • Mechanochemical Synthesis and Reactions in Materials Science II Metal and Polymer Matrix Composites III Plenary Plenary • • • Multifunctional Ceramic- and Metal-matrix Composites: Processing, Properties and Performance Plenary Processing and Performance of Materials Using Microwaves, Electric and Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, Lasers, and Mechanical Work - Rustum Roy Symposium Plenary • Rare Earth Metals, Compounds, and Alloys: Synthesis, Processing, Emerging Applications, Recent Advances, Future Challenges Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications of Functional Porous Materials Plenary Plenary • • • • The 9th International Symposium on Green and Sustainable Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and Processing The Future of Conventional Manufacturing Processes Titanium Powder Metallurgy Plenary Plenary Plenary • Ultra High Performance Metals, Metal Alloys, Intermetallics, and Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace, Defense, and Automotive Applications Plenary • SPECIAL TOPICS Best Practices in Academic Laboratory Safety Plenary Curricular Innovations and Continuous Improvement of Academic Programs (and Satisfying ABET along the Way): The Elizabeth Judson Memorial Symposium • Plenary Diversity in STEM and Best Practices to Improve It Plenary • Failure Analysis and Prevention Plenary • • Fifty Years of Metallography and Materials Characterization Perspectives for Emerging Materials Professionals Special Session on Emerging Technologies to Develop and Commercially Adopt Innovative Materials Plenary • Plenary Plenary American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 39 JANUARY 21 - 26, 2018 | Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center | Daytona Beach, Florida, USA 42ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ceramics.orglicacc2018 ADVANCED CERAMICS The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Engineering Ceramics Division AND COMPOSITES Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society Ceramic Soc ely 2018 PROGRAM CHAIR Manabu Fukushima National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology manabu-fukushima@aist.go.jp The 42nd International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) continues a strong tradition as the leading international meeting on advanced structural and functional ceramics, composites, and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. The technical program consists of 17 symposia, three focused sessions, an honorary symposium, and 7th Global Young Investigator Forum. These technical sessions, consisting of both oral and poster presentations, will provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, and engineers from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances on various aspects related to ceramic science and technology. The key event of the 42nd ICACC is an international symposium entitled \"Advancing frontiers of ceramics for sustainable societal development.\" This symposium honors Dr. Mrityunjay Singh for his long-term and innumerable outstanding contributions to the science and technology of advanced ceramic materials and technologies, his tireless efforts in mentoring students and young professionals, and for promoting and developing networks and collaborations among the materials community worldwide. We look forward to seeing you in Daytona Beach, Fla., in January 2018! ICACC18 TECHNICAL PROGRAM S1 Mechanical behavior and performance of ceramics and composites S2 Advanced ceramic coatings for structural, environmental, and functional applications S3 15th International symposium on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): Materials, science, and technology S4 Armor ceramics-Challenges and new developments S5 Next-generation bioceramics and biocomposites S6 Advanced materials and technologies for direct thermal energy conversion and rechargeable energy storage S7 12th International symposium on functional nanomaterials and thin films for sustainable energy harvesting, environmental, and health applications S8 12th International symposium on advanced processing and manufacturing technologies for structural and multifunctional materials and systems (APMT12) S9 Porous ceramics: Novel developments and applications S10 Virtual materials (computational) design and ceramic genome S11 Advanced materials and innovative processing ideas for the production root technology S12 Materials for extreme environments: Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) and nanolaminated ternary carbides and nitrides (MAX phases) S13 Advanced materials for sustainable nuclear fission and fusion energy S14 Crystalline materials for electrical, optical, and medical applications S15 Additive manufacturing and 3-D printing technologies S16 Geopolymers, inorganic polymers, and sustainable materials S17 Advanced ceramic materials and processing for photonics and energy FS1 Bio-inspired processing of advanced materials FS2 Tomography and microscopy-based modeling of ceramics FS3 Chemical processing of functional materials: Understanding the conversion of molecular structures to sold-state compounds 7th Global Young Investigator Forum Advancing frontiers of ceramics for sustainable societal development - International symposium in honor of Dr. Mrityunjay Singh 40 40 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 SUBMIT YOUR HILTON DAYTONA BEACH RESORT abstracts by August 21! 100 North Atlantic Ave., Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Phone: 1-386-254-8200 Rates: One to four occupants: Students: $170 $140 US government employee: Prevailing rate TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate. Room rates are effective until December 26, 2017, and are based on availability. Sunday, January 21, 2018 Conference registration Welcome reception at Hilton Monday, January 22, 2018 Conference registration 2-7 p.m. 5:30-7 p.m. 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. Opening awards ceremony and plenary session 8:30 a.m. - Noon Companion coffee 9- 10:30 a.m. Lunch on own Noon–1:20 p.m. Concurrent technical sessions 1:30-5:30. p.m. Young Professional Network, GGRN, student mixer 7:30 - 9 p.m. Tuesday, January 23, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 7:30 a.m. - 6 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon–1:20 p.m. 1:30-5 p.m. Exhibits and poster session A, including reception 5-8 p.m. Wednesday, January 24, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions EXHIBITION INFORMATION Reserve your booth today for the premier international advanced ceramics and composites expo. Connect with decision makers and influencers in government labs, industry, and research and development fields. ICACC18 is your destination to collaborate with business partners, cultivate prospects, and explore new business opportunities. Exhibit hours: Tuesday, January 23, 2018, 5 - 8 p.m. Wednesday, January 24, 2018, 5 – 7:30 p.m. Exposition Location: Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL Exhibit space is filling up fast. To reserve your booth, visit ceramics.org/icacc2018 or contact Mona Thiel at mthiel@ ceramics.org or 614-794-5834. Exhibitor Alfred University 7:30 a.m.-5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon AVS Noon - 1:20 p.m. 1:30-5 p.m. Exhibits and poster session B, including reception 5- 7:30 p.m. Thursday, January 25, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Friday - January 26, 2018 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Current as of August 1, 2017 OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology CeramicTechToday FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY! 7:30a.m.-6 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon - 1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:30 p.m. 8 a.m. - Noon 8:30 a.m. Noon Centorr CM Furnaces Gasbarre (PTX) Booth 315 307 200 210 203 H.C. Stark 305 Haiku Tech 208 Harper International Corp. 309 JRS 313 Lithoz GmbH 103 Microtrac 314 Nanoscience Instruments 201 Netzsch Instruments 300 Oxy-Gon Industries Inc. 215 Reserved 216 Sonoscan 302 TA Instruments 311 Tev Tech 214 Thermal Wave 202 Thermcraft Inc. 303 Wuxi Tianyang Drying Equipment 111 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 41 REGISTER TODAY! INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SINTERING 2017 Latest Advances in Science and Technology of Sintering and Microstructure Evolution The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org HYATT REGENCY MISSION BAY SPA AND MARINA | SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA November 12-16, 2017 | www.ceramics.org/sintering 2017 Sintering 2017 will address the latest developments in sintering and microstructural evolution processes for the fabrication of powderbased materials in terms of fundamental understanding, technological issues, and industrial applications. Whether you are a researcher, industrial partner, or student, Sintering 2017 offers an opportunity to meet, collaborate, network, and learn. sln addition to technical sessions, poster presentations, and special programs, the conference also offers three plenary speakers, to include: Didier Bouvard, Grenoble Alps University, France Investigating the sintering of multilayer components with advanced experimental and modelling tools Martin Harmer, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., USA Know your [grain] boundaries SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE Sunday, November 12, 2017 Welcome reception Monday, November 13, 2017 Plenary session I 6-8 p.m. 8-9 a.m. Concurrent technical sessions Poster session set-up Lunch 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Bernd Kieback, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Germany Contact formation and densification during early stages of spark plasma sintering of metal powders CONFERENCE CHAIRS Rajendra K. Bordia, Clemson University; Eugene A. Olevsky, San Diego State University; Didier Bouvard, Grenoble-INP, France; Suk-Joong L. Kang, KICET, South Korea; and Bernd Kieback, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany Conference local (U.S.) cochairs: Rajendra K. Bordia Eugene A. Olevsky Poster session (posters up all day) Tuesday, November 14, 2017 Plenary session II Concurrent technical sessions 10 a.m. - noon Noon - 1 p.m. 1 - 2:30 p.m. 8-9 a.m. 9 a.m. - noon Wednesday, November 15, 2017 Concurrent technical sessions Lunch Roundtable discussion Dinner Thursday, November 16, 2017 Concurrent technical sessions 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Noon - 1 p.m. 1:30-3 p.m. 7-9 p.m. 8 a.m. noon HYATT REGENCY MISSION BAY SPA AND MARINA 1441 Quivira Road | San Diego, CA, USA, 92109 Tel: +1 619-224-1234 Room Rates: Single/double occupancy - $159 plus tax US government-prevailing government rate plus tax (currently $140) 42 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 new products VISTA Hobo ent Graphitization furnace arbolite Gero offers a range of furnaces up to 3,000°C that are suitable for various requirements of graphitization to form 3-D crystals of pure graphite. Graphite furnaces of the LHTG range or HTK range up to 3,000°C are suitable for starting materials that consists of pure carbon with minor impurities. Both heating elements and insulation of cold wall vacuum furnaces consist of high-quality graphite materials. The top loader furnace, LHTG, is fitted with a circular mantle heater in a perfectly symmetrical orientation. The HTK GR is a front loading chamber furnace incorporating symmetrical elements on four sides. Carbolite Gero (Newton, Pa.) 866-473-8724 www.carbolite-gero.com Pinhole detector he PosiTest LPD how we get that are detector detects holidays, pinholes, and other discontinuities in coatings on metal and concrete substrates. The detector is easy-to-use with bright, multifunction LEDs and choice of audible and visible alerts to notify when flaws are detected. The instrument is lightweight with an ergonomically designed handle. PosiTest LPD is durable and rugged because it has an environmentally sealed enclosure. This instrument is weatherproof, dustproof, and shockproof, and it meets or exceeds IP65 rating. Paul N. Gardner Company Inc. (Pompano Beach, Fla.) 800-762-2478 www.gardco.com Air filtration oboVent\'s Vista360 combines powRenul filtration technology with an installation scheme designed for convenience and space savings. Vista360 begins with a dust and fume collector that is suited for heavy welding needs. The system filters air and returns it to the facility, while ensuring that the smallest and most dangerous particles—many of which contain toxic metals-are removed from the environment. Vista360 is installed on the ceiling, freeing up floor space to keep production lines flexible. Without ductwork, they system is faster and easier to install than traditional ducted filtration systems. Robovent (Columbus, Ohio) 877-299-7223 www.robovent.com Wireless control system oss SysCon Ro control panels are now offered with wireless connection. As part of the controls package, Ross can supply 00 an intrinsically safe tablet, enabling end users to control the panel from nonhazardous and hazardous locations. With a 12-hour battery life on the tablet, operators have ample time to complete necessary tasks. The 100-meter range of the wireless connection allows users to move freely on the job site. Other control panel features offered include fan and ventilation kit, light tree with audible alarm functions, color touch screen HMI, and USB ports for data acquisition in a CSV format. Ross Systems and Controls (Savannah, Ga.) 912-238-5800 www.rosssyscon.com Scanning electron microscope EOL USA introduced a JEO scanning electron microscope that provides ultrahigh resolution imaging of large samples in their native state. The new JSM-IT300HR features exceptional image fidelity with a high brightness, long life emitter. Offering higher resolution and magnification than ever before in this series, the IT300HR greatly enhances surface topography and contrast. A rugged in-chamber specimen stage and large chamber accommodate a variety of samples of different shapes, sizes, and weights, enabling users to secure large, heavy, and odd-shaped objects on the stage with clear positioning prior to evacuating the chamber. JEOL USA Inc. (Peabody, Mass.) 978-535-5900 www.jeolusa.com Advanced metals recovery etals refiner MGannon & Scott Inc. recently introduced the TRU3Tec thermal reduction system that can recover precious metals from residual plating wastes with high efficiency. The system can process combustible materials with even a low percentage of precious metals, such as ion exchange resins, plating filters, and rags. It operates at relatively low temperatures to reduce formation of hazardous byproducts and features advanced environmental controls to further reduce waste emissions. Pollution controls for the Tru3Tec system include quenching, cyclonic separation, wet scrubbing of exhaust gases, and dust collection. Gannon & Scott (Cranston, R.I.) 800-556-7296 www.gannon-scott.com American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 43 Graduating Soon and Wondering What to Do? The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Sign up for a FREE year of membership in The American Ceramic Society! ACers can help you succeed with a FREE Associate Membership for the first year as a young professional or after graduation. As an ACers Associate Member, you\'ll have access to valuable resources that will benefit you now and throughout your career. With your complimentary membership, you will receive: • Young Professionals Network: includes resources for early career professionals, plus the chance to rub elbows with some of the most accomplished people in the field • Employment career center • Online membership directory • Networking opportunities • Free online access to the Journal of the American Ceramic Society (searchable back to 1918), the International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, and the International Journal of Applied Glass Science • Bulletin, the monthly membership magazine ⚫ ceramicSOURCE, company directory and buyers\' guide • Discounted registration at all ACers meetings and discounts on all publications • Ceramic Tech Today, ACerS ceramic materials, applications, and business blog Become an ACerS Associate Member as a young professional or after graduation! To join, contact Tricia Freshour at tfreshour@ceramics.org. For more information, visit ceramics.org/associate. resources Calendar of events October 2017 1-6 → EPD 2017: 6th Int\'l Conference on Electrophoretic Deposition: Fundamentals and Applications Gyeongju, South Korea; www.engconf.org/conferences 2-6 3rd Int\'l Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials - Hunguest Hotel Palota Lillafüred, Miskolc, Hungary; www.ic-rmm3.eu 8-12 MS&T17 combined with ACerS 119th Annual Meeting - Pittsburgh, Pa.; www.matscitech.org 8-13 European Microwave Week 2017 - Nürnberg Convention Center, Nuremberg, Germany; www.eumweek.com 18-19 60th Int\'l Colloqium on Refractories - Eurogress, Aachen, Germany; www.ic-refractories.eu 22-25 2017 ICG Annual Meeting and 32nd Sisecam Glass Symposium Sisecam and Technology Center, Istanbul, Turkey; www.icginstanbul2017.com 31-Nov. 3 6th Int\'l Symposium on ACTSEA 2017-Garden Villa, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; www.actsea2017.web2.ncku.edu.tw November 2017 6-9 78th Conference on Glass Problems Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org 12-16 Int\'l Conference on Sintering 2017 Hyatt Regency Mission Bay Spa and Marina, San Diego, Calif.; www.ceramics.org/sintering2017 12-16 CALL2017: Composites at Lake Louise - Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada; www.engconfintl.org/17AC December 2017 14-16 81st Annual Session of Indian Ceramic Society and International Conference on Expanding Horizons of Technological Applications of Ceramics and Glasses - College of Engineering Pune, India; www.81icsbmr2017.com January 2018 17-19 EAM 2018: ACerS Conference on Electronic and Advanced Materials DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando Sea World, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org 21-26 ICACC\'18: 42nd Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Hilton Daytona Beach Resort/Ocean Walk Village, Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org May 2018 20-24 GOMD 2018: Glass and Optical Materials Division Meeting Hilton Palacio de Rio, San Antonio, Texas; www.ceramics.org June 2018 4-14 14th International Ceramics Congress and the 8th Forum on New Materials Perugia, Italy; www.2018.cimteccongress.org/14th_ ceramics_congress July 2018 8-12 15th Int\'l Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids & 14th European Society of Glass Conference Le Grand Large, SaintMalo, France; www.ustverre.fr Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue. 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Wilson pwilson@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5826 fx: 614-794-5842 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 47 O deciphering the discipline A regular column offering the student perspective of the next generation of ceramic and glass scientists, organized by the ACerS Presidents Council of Student Advisors. Alexandra Loaiza Guest columnist Waste products for green building materials The amount of waste that humans generate has increased in recent years because of globalization and growing industry. All industrial processes generate byproducts because they are not 100% efficient. However, there are many possible ways to reduce and reuse those byproducts to help the planet where we live. Since I started studying for my master\'s in materials science at Universidad de Antioquia in Medellín, Colombia, I have been involved in research on green solutions for building materials, because I would like to contribute my knowledge to improve the environment. In addition, green solutions can save money by decreasing use of natural raw materials and reducing building material waste. Therefore, green building materials are attractive from many perspectives. I have worked to develop green building materials under the supervision of my advisor Henry Colorado, director of the Ceramics, Cements, and Composites Materials Research Group at the Universidad de Antioquia. My research has improved the durability and stiffness of asphalt reinforced with waste from the steelmaking industry, which is highly variable in composition because of its high amount of metallic oxides. I also have researched cement paste reinforced with coconut fibers for lightweighting applications and calcium phosphate cements for radioactive shielding applications. Incorporating these waste products into green building materials effectively treats the potential wastes by reducing the hazard they pose to the environment. The solidification/stabilization processes, which are inexpensive and simple, reduce the waste products\' surface area by encapsulating them in a cementitious material, making the waste easier to handle and decreasing its leachability into the environment. Working for almost five years has strongly increased my motivation to continue in this field, because I have experienced the advantages of taking care of the planet from industrial and academic environments. In addition, working in this field makes me even more sensitive to and respectful of nature. Hazardous wastes often are thrown away in landfills with no regulation, and some countries have weak laws to avoid this behavior. I expect to share my knowledge in Colombia and around the world to contribute to green building materials to design high-impact solutions for humanity and the environment. Alexandra Loaiza is a master\'s candidate in materials engineering at the University of Antioquia in Colombia, where she also received a bachelor\'s degree in materials engineering. She recently received a best poster award for her research in the Recycling and Sustainability Division at the TMS 2017 conference. Loaiza is a member of PCSA and the ACerS student chapter at her university. She also takes part in athletic teams at the university, which she says make her a more disciplined person. In addition, Loaiza loves to travel. Join ACers Global Graduate Researcher Network Addressing the leadership and career development needs of graduate-level students interested in ceramics and glass. Why do you need ACerS GGRN? Join GGRN and enjoy access to ACerS invaluable information, expertise, and programming resources as well as a network of graduate-level students. What can ACerS GGRN do for you? • Networking • Tools for career preparation • Leadership training • Recognition programs • Volunteerism Begin. Become. Belong. Visit ceramics.org/ggrn to join. For more information, contact Tricia Freshour at tfreshour@ceramics.org. The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org 48 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 96, No. 7 о Contribute to the growing conference! CALL FOR PAPERS! January 17 - 19, 2018 | DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel | Orlando, Fla. USA 990 2018 CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC AND ADVANCED MATERIALS Electronics Materials and Applications is now the Conference on Electronic Materials and Applications. The January 17-19, 2018 international conference focuses on • Fundamental properties and processing of ceramic and electroceramic materials, and Applications in electronic, electro/mechanical, magnetic, dielectric, and optical components, devices, and systems. CALL FOR PAPERS! Submit abstracts by September 6, 2017 For information on technical program, hotel, and more, visit ceramics.org/eam2018 о The 2018 meeting has expanded programming and is organized by ACers Electronics and Basic Science Divisions. The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org 田 AMERICAN ELEMENTS THE ADVANCED MATERIALS MANUFACTURER Ⓡ calcium carbonate nanoparticles europium p dielectrics catalog: americanelements.com carbon nanoparticl 27 Co Ni Cu Cu Zn Ga Ge As 34 S 32.065 Sulfur Se 17 F 18.9984032 Fluorine CI 35.453 Chlorine Br 210 iquids Nd: yttriu H 1.00794 Hydrogen Li 6.941 Lithium zinc nanoparticles Be 9.012182 Beryllium Na Mg 22.98976928 Sodium K 20 24.305 Magnesium Ca 39.0983 Potassium 40.078 Calcium medic rho Rb 37 85.4678 Rubidium adium cs 87 132.9054 Cesium tant Fr (223) Francium thin film 88 Sr Strontium Ba 137.327 Barium Ra Radium 57 89 optoelectronics palladium nanoparticles silicon nanopart copper an B C 99.999% ruthenium spheres surface functionalized nanoparticles iron nanoparticles Sc 44.965912 Scandium Y 88.90585 Yttrium La 138.90547 Lanthanum Ac 40 72 104 Ti V Cr Mn Fe 54.938045 Manganese 55.845 Iron 47.867 Titanium Zr 91.224 Zirconium Hf 178.48 Hafnium Rf 41 73 105 50.9415 Vanadium 42 51.9961 Chromium 43 Nb Mo Tc 92.90638 Niobium Ta 180.9488 Tantalum Db 74 96.96 Molybdenum 106 W 183.84 Tungsten 75 107 (98.0) Technetium Re 186.207 Rhenium 44 76 108 45 silver nanoparti 58.933195 Cobalt 46 58.6934 Nickel 47 63.546 Copper 48 Zinc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd 101.07 Ruthenium Os 190.23 Osmium Sg Bh Hs 77 109 102.9056 Rhodium 192.217 Iridium Mt 78 110 106.42 Palladium Pt 196.084 Platinum Ds 79 111 107.8682 Silver 80 112.411 Cadmium Au Hg 196.966569 Gold 112 200.59 Mercury Rg Cn 10.811 Boron 12.0107 Carbon 13 ΑΙ 26.9815386 Aluminum 14 Si 32 50 In 114.818 Indium TI 204.3833 Thallium Uut 82 114 15 14.0067 15.9994 Nitrogen Oxygen NP 28.0855 Silicon 30.973762 Phosphorus Sn 118.71 Tin Pb 207.2 Lead FI 51 83 115 Sb 121.76 Antimony Bi 208.9804 Bismuth 84 116 78.96 Selenium Te 127.6 Tellurium Po (209) Polonium Uup Lv Actinium (267) Rutherfordium Dubnium (271) Seaborgium (272) Bohrium (270) Hassium (276) Meitnerium (281) (280) (285) Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium (284) Ununtrium (289) Flerovium Ununpentium (293) Livermorium quantum dots 61 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm 140.90765 Praseodymium 144.242 Neodymium aluminum nanoparticles Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 157.25 Gadolinium To by Ho Er Dysprosium diamond m 140.116 Cerium refracto ten carbide bium dop nan American adva Th 232.03806 Thorium Pa 92 U 93 62 (145) Promethium 150.36 Samarium 63 95 151.964 Europium 96 97 158.92535 Terbium Np Pu Am Cm Bk 99 164.93032 Holmium 100 69.723 Gallium 167.259 Erbium 101 72.64 Germanium Thulium 102 74.9216 Arsenic 53 85 He 4.002602 Helium Ne 20.1797 Neon Ar 39.948 Argon Kr 79.904 Bromine 83.798 Krypton 126.90447 lodine At (210) Astatine 118 Xe 131.293 Xenon rod solid metals crystals cone sit Rnmistry (222) Radon Uuo um Uus (294) (294) Ununseptium Ununoctium nickel nanoparticl Lu 173.054 Ytterbium Es Fm Md No 98 Cf 231.03588 Protactinium 238.02891 Uranium (237) Neptunium (244) Plutonium (243) Americium (247) Curium (247) Berkelium (251) Californium (252) Einsteinium (257) Fermium (258) Mendelevium (259) Nobelium single crystal silicon tics Elements 20 th ANNIVERSARY 1997-2017 alter Mer gadolinium wire atomic layer depositio ymium foil REENDENTED! ent. europium phosphors 103 174.9668 Lutetium Lr (282) Lawrencium ing powder macromolecu nano gels anti-ballistic ceramics nanodispersions ultra high purity platinum ink tering targets Experience the Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs LED lighting net anode solar energy metamaterials silicon rods As one of the world\'s first and largest manufacturers and distributors of nanoparticles & nanotubes, American Elements\' re-launch of its 20 year old Catalog is worth noting. 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