AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin emerging ceramics & glass technology ACerS 2018 Annual Meeting, awards, and honors at MS&T18 SEPTEMBER 2018 132 32 32 32 Columbus, Ohio, October 14-18 Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.ortation fracture toughness testing | Keramos\' deep history and bright future When it comes to Heat, We Sweat the Details! Your firing needs are unique. So why use an “off the shelf” kiln in your process? At Harrop, we get it. That\'s why, for nearly a century, we\'ve been putting in the hard work to design and service custom kilns. Is it harder to do things this way? Yes. Is the extra effort worth it? You bet! At Harrop, we don\'t stop there. If you aren\'t sure what you need, we can help. Our laboratory can run tests to help identify your process boundaries. Through our toll firing facility, we can help to further define the equipment/processing combination that works best for your material. And if you are not ready for a new kiln, we can toll fire your material to help meet your production needs. Does your current kiln company sweat the details? HARROP Fire our imagination Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.harropusa.com 1.614.231.3621 contents September Vol. 97 No.7 feature articles cover story Honoring the ACerS Awards Class of 17 2018 The Society announces awards that will be presented at the Awards Banquet of the 120th Annual Meeting in October to recognize significant contributions to the engineered ceramic and glass field by members and corporations. departments News & Trends Spotlight 3 Ceramics in Biomedicine Research Briefs 13 14 Keramos powers a bright future with its 26 deep history A revitalized Keramos introduces students at all levels to the ceramic and glass engineering profession. by Kevin Fox columns Business and Market View 8 Deciphering the Discipline ..... 48 Electrical properties of biocomposites containing ferroelectric nanoparticles by Nelson Sepulveda From powder to optical devices: 29 Using CAPAD to create functional transparent ceramics Current-activated pressure-assisted sintering shows promise for densifying novel, transparent optical oxides. by Y. Kodera, A. D. Dupuy, E. H. Penilla, and J. E. Garay Sintering of nanopowders—The dream not & 32 (or partially) coming true Aderbed Trapped Sering Surface reactivity of nanopowders complicates sintering to dense nanoscale grain structure. by Ricardo H. R. Castro meetings MS&T18 and ACerS 120th Annual Meeting. 43rd International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites Ceramic Business and Leadership Summit resources New Products Calendar Classified Advertising Display Ad Index. . Indentation fracture toughness: 34 A review and application Vickers indentation eliminates the need for standardized samples to determine fracture toughness of brittle materials. The key is to select the correct system of equations to calculate fracture toughness from crack morphology. by Costandino Relias and Doug Ngai Downloaded from bulletin archief | www.ceramics.org 38 40 42 3447 45 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Obulletin Editorial and Production Eileen De Guire, Editor ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815 edeguire@ceramics.org Faye Oney, Assistant Editor Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Fei Chen, Wuhan University of Technology, China Thomas Fischer, University of Cologne, Germany Kang Lee, NASA Glenn Research Center Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline Inc. Gurpreet Singh, Chair, Kansas State University Chunlei Wan, Tsinghua University, China Eileen De Guire, Staff Liaison, The American Ceramic Society Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics.org Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director mthiel@ceramics.org ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles.com ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Charles Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher cspahr@ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Director of Communications & Marketing edeguire@ceramics.org Marcus Fish, Development Director Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation mfish@ceramics.org Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations mjohnson@ceramics.org Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec. Assistant slabute@ceramics.org Mark Mecklenborg, Director of Membership, Meetings & Technical Publications mmecklenborg@ceramics.org Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership kthompson@ceramics.org Officers Michael Alexander, President Sylvia Johnson, President-Elect William Lee, Past President Daniel Lease, Treasurer Charles Spahr, Secretary Board of Directors Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015-2018 Doreen Edwards, Director 2016-2019 Kevin Fox, Director 2017-2020 Dana Goski, Director 2016-2019 Martin Harmer, Director 2015-2018 Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016-2019 Sanjay Mathur, Director 2017-2020 online www.ceramics.org September 2018 Vol. 97 No.7 in g+ f http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... Credit: NASA Goddard, YouTube This is why NASA\'s Parker Solar Probe will stay intact when it reaches the sun NASA Goddard launched its Parker Solar Probe on a seven-year mission to study the sun\'s atmosphere, solar wind, and other important data. NASA scientists designed the spacecraft to survive the sun\'s intense heat, including a heat shield made of carbon foam and carbon-carbon composite. read more at www.ceramics.org/NASASpace Probe As seen in the August 2018 ACerS Bulletin... To infinity and beyond: 3-D printing for outer space Colonizing the moon or Mars will require small, functional ceramic components. Additive manufacturing using \"local\" soils may be an efficient way to get them there. Martha Mecartney, Director 2017-2020 Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015-2018 David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian read more at www.ceramics.org/outerspace American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. The American Ceramic Society is not responsible for the accuracy of information in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. Readers should independently evaluate the accuracy of any statement in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2018. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a \"dual-media\" magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramics.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100. Single issues, January-October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 97, No. 7, pp 1- 48. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 news & trends Credit: Kyocera Corporate Partner news Kyocera TCL Solar completes 28MW solar power plant in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan Kyocera Corporation and Tokyo Century Corporation announced that Kyocera TCL Solar LLC has completed construction of a 28 megawatt (MW) utility-scale solar power plant in the town of Taiwa, Kurokawa District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The company has developed this 28MW solar power plant in collaboration with Tokyo-based Tsuboi Corporation and started operations in late June 2018. This is the company\'s first solar power plant in Miyagi Prefecture and its second largest solar power plant following the 29.2MW solar power plant in Tottori Prefecture. 103,950 Kyocera\'s solar modules will generate an estimated 33,000 megawatt hours (MWh) per year enough electricity to power approximately 11,100 average households and capable of providing power to almost all local house- Kyocera\'s 28MW solar power plant in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan holds in the town of nity while coexisting with the region\'s rich nature. Taiwa, which is adjacent to Sendai City, the heart of the Tohoku region. The company hopes its solar power plant will be a local symbol of supporting people\'s lives and developing the local commuKyocera TCL Solar has constructed solar power plants in 67 sites across Japan, including this 28MW plant, with approximately 258.1 MW of total output since Heating Efficiency with Additive Manufacturing Improving furnace sustainability beyond what was previously possible SPYROCORT radiant tube inserts reduce emissions and generate >2 Billion BTUS of worldwide energy savings annually. AMASIC-3D™M additive-manufactured advanced silicon carbide enables the design of ceramic components in virtually any shape. Saint-Gobain leads with 30+ years\' experience in SiC materials for high-temperature furnace applications. www.spin-works.com Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.7 | www.ceramics.org был SAINT-GOBAIN 3 news & trends the company was established in August 2012. Kyocera TCL Solar, Kyocera and Tokyo Century remain committed to promoting renewable energy as well as contributing to environmental protection and the creation of a sustainable society through their solar energy business. Almatis constructing new Tabular Alumina plant in Falta, West Bengal to fuel Asia growth strategy Almatis will produce its tabular alumina Balls at the new Falta plant. Almatis, a global producer and supplier of premium alumina and alumina products is constructing a new tabular alumina plant in Falta, West Bengal to fuel its growth strategy in Asia. A positive outlook for Indian-produced steel, leveraged by growing GDP and per capita steel consumption requires premium alumina for longer refractory life. \"Almatis is committed to providing continuous support to the Business news BYD to quadruple battery production by 2020 (www.roskill.com) ...Orton Ceramic to offer seven short courses on refractories and glass (www.ortonceramic.com) … Guardian Glass to launch jumbo coater in North America (www.glass-international. com)...US applies 10% tariff on Chinese rare earth compounds, metals, and alloys (www.roskill.com) ... Schott to acquire Finnish glass bonding group (www.glassinternational.com) ...Pittsburgh Glass Works plant ceases production (www. triblive.com)...Ubiquitous Energy, Asahi Glass to speed commercialization of solar Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Credit: Almatis Indian refractory industry,\" Almatis CEO Emre Timurkan says in a news release. Operating since 1995, Almatis\' India business is based in Falta with a processing plant that has been growing steadily. Now with this forthcoming, world-class facility, Almatis will expand with an integrated manufacturing line in India with tabular alumina converters installed. This investment will enable shorter lead times and a further improvement of flexibility from a plant in the proximity of its Indian and Asian customers. General manager Sarit Kundu, responsible for execution of the project, affirmed Almatis\' commitment. \"This upcoming Falta India Tabular Alumina production facility would meet the needs of our valued Indian customers and provide supply security for this growing market.\" Rare Earth Extraction Facility could lessen US dependence on imports, pump up West Virginia economy Researchers at West Virginia University, with the help of a $3.38 million two-phase project from the National Energy Technology Laboratory, have opened the Rare Earth Extraction Facility to extract rare earth materials from acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage is the water pollution that results from coal mining activities. And it can be highly toxic to the environment. photovoltaic glass (www.solarmagazine. com)...Tethon 3D reveals new high alumina tethonite ceramic powder for inkjet 3-D printing (www.3dprintingindustry. com) …..Chinese refractories output rises by 4% in first five months of 2018 (www. roskill.com) ...FuelCell Energy to create over 100 new highly skilled manufacturing jobs (www.globenewswire.com) ...Press Glass to invest $43.55 million in its first Virginia manufacturing operation (www. usglassmag.com) ...Corning accepting applications for sabbatical program before August 31, 2018 (www.corning.com) The new facility is the second phase of the NETL-funded project to develop a process to separate REES from coal mining by-products. \"Acid mine drainage from abandoned mines is the biggest industrial pollution source in Appalachian streams, and it turns out that these huge volumes of waste are essentially pre-processed and serve as good rare earth feedstock,\" director of the West Virginia Water Research Institute Paul Ziemkiewicz says in a WVU news release. \"Coal contains all of the rare earth elements, but it has a substantial amount of the heavy rare earths that are particularly valuable.\" The extraction method involves acid leaching and solvent extraction, which involves dissolving drainage sludge in acid and then emulsifying it to pull rare earths from the water. Then the emulsion goes through a mixing process that \"strips the rare earths out as a concentrated solution and precipitates the rare earths as a solid,\" that can be further refined to usable rare earth metal, according to the release. Anything left over that is unusable, which would be minimal, goes to the acid mine drainage treatment plant\'s disposal system. Director of the WVU Energy Institute, Brian Anderson, uses the example of scandium to illustrate the amount of revenue extracted rare earths could generate. \"...Scandium, one of these rare earths, is worth about $4,500 per kilogram as an oxide, the form that it will leave this facility,\" he states. \"After refining, it would be worth $15,000 per kilogram.\" Two years ago, West Virginia was the largest coal producer east of the Mississippi River, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. But demand for coal has decreased, and coal production has declined considerably in the past decade. The Rare Earth Extraction Facility could boost the state\'s economy, creating jobs and generating revenue. \"Currently, acid-mine-drainage treatment is a liability, an environmental obligation,\" Ziemkiewicz adds. \"But it could turn into a revenue stream, www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 862 8062 DO Mixing units run in the Rare Earth Extraction Facility at the WVU Energy Institute/National Research Center for Coal and Energy. incentivizing treatment and creating economic opportunity for the region.\" According to the press release, the economic potential is large: The Appalachian region could produce 800 tons of rare earths annually—enough to supply the defense industry for a year. Color, eclectic design dominate Brick in Architecture Awards Although clay brick has been used since the medieval period, it became an increasingly popular building material during the Industrial Revolution. By 1952, advancements in automation enabled manufacturers to produce 12,000 bricks per daymore than the 36,000 bricks per week that previously were made by hand. Today, manufacturing over 200,000 bricks per day is not uncommon in the industry. Each year the Brick Industry Association (BIA) recognizes those who have brilliantly incorporated brick into their building and paving designs. The BIA recently announced the winners of its 2018 Brick in Architecture Awards. Now in its 30th year, the Brick in Architecture Awards competition honors U.S. architectural and design firms that “demonstrate outstanding design with clay brick,\" according to the association\'s press release. Credit: West Virginia University \"Brick has proven its effectiveness as a cladding for thousands of years,\" BIA COO Stephen T. Sears writes in an email. \"And it\'s refreshing to see so many architects and designers using brick in a range of color palettes and architectural styles. Brick truly stands up to the latest trends-from historic landmarks in classic red to cutting-edge innovations in vibrant color schemes.\" The contest rules on the BIA\'s website state that entrants can submit architectural work completed within the last five years, in which new clay bricks comprise more than half of the exterior building or paving material. A team of independent design professionals judged entries in six categories: • Commercial • • • • • Education, K-12 Higher education (colleges, universities) Residential, single family Residential, multi-family Paving and landscape projects View a photo gallery of the winning projects at www.bit.ly/BIA2018winners. Watch a video of the Best in Class winners at www.bit.ly/BIA2018video. Starbar and Moly-Delements are made in the U.S.A. with a focus on providing the highest quality heating elements and service to the global market. Freedom walkway, Rock Hill, S.C., 2018 paving category winner. Downloaded from bulletin archive frame.7 | www.ceramics.org Credit: The Brick Industry Association I\'R -- Over 50 years of service and reliability 53 1964-2017 I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Akron, NY Phone: (716) 542-5511 Fax: (716)542-2100 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com www.isquaredrelement.com 5 news & trends CODAGO ICC7 IC67 International Congress on Ceramic More than 650 people from 35 countries attended the 7th International Congress on Ceramics (ICC7) and 62 Congresso Brasileirior de Ceramica in Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, June 17-21, 2018. Environment, sustainability are focus of successful ICC7 conference The International Congress on Ceramics, hosted by the Brazilian Ceramic Society on behalf of the International Ceramic Federation, convenes every two years at various host locations around the world. This conference follows a sequence of successful ICC conferences held in Toronto, Canada (2006), Verona, Italy (2008), Osaka, Japan (2010), Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. (2012), Beijing, China (2014), and Dresden, Germany (2016). Antonio Carlos de Camargo, president, Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica, and Samuel Marcio Toffoli, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, served as lead organizers of the Congress. The Congress was held at the Recanto Cataratas Thermas Resort & Convention near the spectacular Iguassu Falls. The conference topic, \"Ceramizing the Future for a Sustainable Society\" included four plenary speakers, 129 invited speakers, and many contributed and poster presentations that covered a range of topics from bioceramics, ceramics for energy and environment, Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org ultrahigh temperature ceramics, polymer derived ceramics, porous and cellular ceramics, glass science and technology, electric and magnetic ceramics, mechanical behavior, green and energy efficient processing, additive manufacturing, and other relevant topics. \"The four plenary speakers were outstanding choices for the conference,\" ACerS Fellow Bill Fahrenholtz says. \"Each were leaders in their fields. Their presentations went beyond simply reviewing technical results and represented outstanding vision for their fields.\" \"Of the symposia that I was able to attend, I thought that the program in Bioinspired Ceramics and Composites symposium was very well-conceived,\" he adds. \"Many of the presentations were thought-provoking and really analyzed research needs or emerging trends in the field, which was the original intent of the ICC meetings.\" Future ICC conferences will take place in Busan, South Korea in 2020; Krakow, Poland in 2022; and Montreal, Canada in 2024. \'Glass Across Boundaries\' is theme of Corning\'s 2018 Glass Summit Hundreds of scientists, researchers, technologists, and students gathered at Corning\'s Headquarters building for the 2018 Glass Summit in June. Hosted by Corning, the Summit helps to build and strengthen Corning\'s relationships with the academic glass community by stimulating a broader discussion among researchers in academia, funding agencies, and other stakeholders around fundamental glass science. This year\'s Summit aimed to leverage research in adjacent fields that can be applied to glass research, such as plasmonics, mechanical deformation, polymer science, geochemistry, and surface characterization. \"Collaboration fosters knowledge sharing and the utilization of new tools to help us identify areas of opportunity that will enable the next generation of \'glass-centric\' innovations,\" said Mike Pambianchi, research director, glass research, and Glass Summit program director. \"Fifty universities, government agencies, and professional organizations were present for this year\'s event.\" This year\'s Summit focused on five research topics relevant to accelerating glass innovation: Optical Materials, Mechanics of Brittle Materials, Glass Transition & Relaxation, Glass Surfaces & Organic-Glass Interactions, and Structured/Complex Glasses. \"The Glass Summit highlights Corning\'s dedication to research and development and supports a commitment to leadership in materials science,\" said David Morse, executive vice president and chief technology officer. Morse encouraged participants to collaborate, communicate, and connect with one another. \"We hope your conversations inspire new approaches to inorganic glass problems. \"This year\'s theme-\'Glass across Boundaries\' emanated from a desire to expand the current thought process of what constitutes glass research into new www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Benchtop Laboratory Hot Press MODEL FR210 Advanced Thermal Design at an affordable price • 25 Ton • rating Accepts dies up to 3\" diameter x 4\" high • 2000°C Corning Glass Research Summit 2018. fields of study,\" said Pambianchi. \"Many of the most successful Corning researchers, such as Donald Stookey and George Beall, joined the company after studying in adjacent fields to glass science.\" Looking back at her time at the conference, Irene Peterson, senior research associate, glass melting, said; \"This conference gave me a more interdisciplinary perspective on my work. It was fascinating to learn how new experimental and modeling tools developed in adjacent fields can be used to study glass. The excellent combination of lectures and networking time led to many interesting and useful technical conversations.\" A new addition to this year\'s Summit was a poster session focusing on academic research. Postdoctoral researchers, undergraduate, and graduate students presented on a variety of topics related to glass and materials science. This event created a unique opportunity for Corning employees to interact with promising researchers from leading universities across the country. Closing the event was Chris Heckle, research director, inorganic materials research. Her discussion echoed the sentiments of the Glass Summit. \"We are dedicated to creating new businesses based upon materials science research. We focus on developing a fundamental understanding to drive technology forward by collaborating with selected external partners.\" She continued by saying, \"While forming collaborations we hope to provide industrial context for academic problems, support regional economic development, foster pipelines in core disciplines, and encourage revitalization of academic glass research\". Downloaded from bulletin archief.7| www.ceramics.org Credit: Coming OXYCON INDUSTRIES, INC. P.O. 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These materials can be atypical not only in terms of composition, but also as far as microstructure and/or configuration. Three main categories of advanced sintering technologies (AST)-currentassisted, which includes spark plasma sintering; vacuum-assisted; and electromagnetic radiation-assisted—are primarily used in six sectors: aerospace, automotive, electronics/optoelectronics, energy, mechanical/metallurgical and medical. The global market for AST equipment increased from $823 million in 2015 to $863 million in 2016 and is estimated to have been valued at $915 million in 2017, corresponding to a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% during the two-year period (Table 1). Electromagnetic radiation-assisted sintering (e.g., selective laser sintering and microwave sintering) currently account for the largest share of the market, at an estimated 70.7% of the total in 2017, corresponding to $647 million in sales. Within this segment, selective laser sintering systems for coatings and 3-D printing represent the most popular type. The next-largest category is vacuumassisted sintering with estimated equipment revenues of $184 million in 2017 (or 20.1% of the total), while the currentassisted sintering segment, which is primarily composed of spark plasma sintering systems, represented 9.2% of the total. Demand for AST systems is projected to continue to grow at a healthy pace during the next five years due to a variety of factors including: • Increasing popularity of 3-D printed devices • Higher penetration in different sectors, particularly medical, electronics, optoelectronics and energy • Need for sintering processes that allow for fast firing, high-throughput and more automation • Rapidly rising levels of related R&D activities Although sales volume of AST equipment is expected to be characterized by good growth, revenues will expand at a slower pace due to ongoing price pressure. As a result, the total market for AST equipment is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.6% from 2017 through 2022, reaching global revenues of nearly $1.3 billion by 2022. Sintering technologies have been divided in two main groups: pressureassisted and pressureless sintering, depending whether or not an external pressure is applied during the process. Advanced sintering technologies (Table 2) are finding increased use in the fabrication of nanostructured materials, exotic formulations and new generations of composites, as well as in rapid manufacturing. Most of them have been introduced to sinter monolithic, at times previously shaped components, and thick parts, while others are for sintering of coatings and for application in additive manufacturing, where parts are produced layer-by-layer. Table 1. Global market for AST equipment by type through 2022 ($ millions) CAGR% 2017-2022 Туре 2015 2016 2017 2022 Electromagnetic radiationassisted sintering 593 617 647 850 Total Vacuum-assisted sintering 162 171 184 260 Current-assisted sintering 68 75 84 147 838 863 915 1,257 5.6 7.2 11.8 6.6 Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org The forecast for the sintering systems market is characterized by moderate growth through 2022 (Table 3). Expanding at a CAGR of 5.4%, it will reach $7.4 billion in 2022. Table 2. Spark plasma sintering and other advanced sintering technologies Category Subcategory Technology Application Current-assisted Pressure-assisted Spark plasma Monolithic sintering Pressureless Flash parts Monolithic sintering parts,coatings Pressure-assisted Flash spark Monolithic plasma parts sintering Pressure-assisted Capacitor discharge Monolithic parts sintering Pressure-assisted Vacuum Monolithic parts Monolithic and pressureless sintering Microwave sintering parts coatings Atmosphereassisted Electromagnetic Pressureless radiation-assisted Pressureless Laser sintering Additive |manufacturing, Pressureless Infrared Additive sintering manufacturing, coatings Pressureless Photonic Additive sintering manufacturing sintering, coatings Table 3. Global market for sintering equipment by region through 2022 ($ billions) Region 2017 2022 CAGR% 2017-2022 United States Europe 1.6 2.1 5.6 1.3 1.7 5.5 Asia-Pacific 2.2 2.9 5.7 Rest of World 0.6 0.7 3.1 5.7 7.4 5.4 Total Advanced sintering technologies are expected to be one of the driving forces of market growth of sintering equipment. About the Author Margareth Gagliardi is chief research analyst in advanced materials for BCC Research. Contact Gagliardi at analysts@ bccresearch.com Resource Margareth Gagliardi, \"Global markets for spark plasma sintering and other advanced sintering technologies, BCC Research Report AVM146A, June 2018. www.bccresearch.com www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 acers spotlightSociety and Division news Expose your company to a global audience with ACers Corporate Partnership Program Is your company a supplier, manufacturer, or service provider to the technical ceramics and glass industry? Gain access to buyers and decision makers by becoming an ACerS Corporate Partner. ACerS Corporate Partners enjoy numerous benefits, including access to a members-only directory of sales leads and discounts on advertising and exhibitor booths. Visit www.bit. ly/ACerSCorpPartner to learn more, or contact membership director Kevin Thompson at kthompson@ceramics.org. Volunteer spotlight Volunteering for your professional society can be one of the most rewarding benefits of membership and an effective way for members to get closer to an organization. Volunteers gain from the knowledge, relationships, leadership development, and recognition that come with meaningful volunteer activities. They create mutually-beneficial relationships for the organization and the individual. But finding time to volunteer and make a difference can be challenging. The Member Services Committee is currently planning to expand ACerS volunteer programs. This includes identifying new \"micro-volunteer” opportunities or projects with specific goals and finite timelines. \"There will always be a need for board and committee members,\" says committee chair Kristin Breder. “Our goal is to identify volunteer projects outside of the traditional committee framework that will enable more members to get involved and participate in the Society as their time availability allows.\" The Member Services Committee is seeking new member welcome ambassadors at MS&T (October 14-18) and other upcoming ACerS meetings. If you are interested in volunteering, contact membership director Kevin Thompson at (614) 794-5894 or kthompson@ceramics.org. Watch for more volunteer news in this section in future issues. Names in the news Navrotsky appointed to CCST Board of Directors The California Council on Science TT TevTech MATERIALS PROCESSING SOLUTIONS Custom Designed Vacuum Furnaces for: • CVD SIC Etch & RTP rings CVD/CVI systems for CMC components ⚫ Sintering, Debind, Annealing Unsurpassed thermal and deposition uniformity Each system custom designed to suit your specific requirements Laboratory to Production Exceptional automated control systems providing improved product quality, consistency and monitoring Worldwide commissioning, training and service www.tevtechllc.com Tel. (978) 667-4557 AVIX 100 Billerica Ave, Billerica, MA 01862 Fax. (978) 667-4554 sales@tevtechllc.com MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS: COG/NPO, X5R, X7R, X8R, and Y5V AVX offers a wide range of surface mount MLCCs spanning from commercial and automotive grade to mission critical space applications: • Stable temperature compensating EIA Class I & EIA Class II ceramic materials ⚫ High volumetric efficiency & high voltage for EV applications • High reliability with low loss and stable capacitance • AECQ qualified automotive range including industry leading FlexiTermⓇ and FlexiSafe® options ⚫ Lowest inductance offering in the industry LEARN MORE AT WWW.AVX.COM and Technology appointed ACerS Fellow Alexandra Navortsky to its Board of Directors, which provides straor tegic vision and direction for CCST. Navrotsky is University of California, Downloaded from bulletin-archive cerami7 | www.ceramics.org FOLLOW US: OF▸ in 9 acers spotlight Society and Division news (continued) Davis Distinguished Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Earth and Planetary Science, and Land, Air and Water Resources. She is a previous recipient of ACerS Kingery Award. ACers Lifetime Membership lasts a lifetime! ACerS Lifetime Membership allows members to avoid future dues increases, maintain awards eligibility, and the need to renew each year. ACerS invites you to join the growing list of Lifetime Members while securing ACerS member benefits for your entire life. The cost to become a Lifetime Member and enjoy continuous member benefits is a one-time payment of $2,000. \"My affiliation with ACerS goes back to 1990,\" one Lifetime Member recalls. \"Since then, I have enjoyed excellent networking, peer support, several honors, and scholarly collaborations through the decades. Life membership is my lifelong commitment to ACerS and the science and engineering of ceramics and glasses. It\'s worth every penny!\" To learn more about Lifetime Membership, contact membership direc tor Kevin Thompson at (614) 794-5894 or kthompson@ceramics.org. Learn what\'s happening in your Division at MS&T18 Seven ACerS Divisions will hold executive and general business meetings at MS&T18 in the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Columbus, Ohio. Plan to attend to get the latest updates and your ideas with Division officers. share Most Division Executive Committee meetings will be held Sunday afternoon, October 14, in the Hilton Columbus Downtown Hotel. Check with the Division chair or Erica Zimmerman for times and locations at ezimmerman@ ceramics.org. Engineering Ceramics Division: Monday, October 15, Noon-1 p.m. Electronics Division: Monday, October 15, Noon-1 p.m. Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division: Monday, October 15, 4:45-5:45 p.m. Basic Science Division: Monday, October 15, Noon-1 p.m. Bioceramics Division: Tuesday, October 16, 1-2 p.m. Glass & Optical Materials Division: Tuesday, October 16, 4:45-5:45 p.m. Art, Archaeology & Conservation Science Division: Wednesday, October 17, 1-2 p.m. Awards and deadlines Apblett earns Rankin Award Apblett The Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division will present the Rankin Award to Allen Apblett, who has demonstrated exemplary service to the division. Apblett is professor of chemistry at Oklahoma State University (Stillwater). He has a Ph.D. from the University of Calgary (Alberta, Canada). In addition to creating innovative ways to produce high technology ceramics for use in electronics, medicine, water purification, homeland security, pollution prevention and remediation, and catalysis, Apblett has developed metal oxide and carboxylate materials that are capable of selectiveDownloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org ly removing radionuclides, heavy metals, and arsenic from water, juice, and rice syrup and can also be used to \"mine\" the ocean for useful metals such as uranium. Apblett is an ACerS Fellow. ACerS/BSD Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition The Roland B. Snow Award promotes microscopy and microanalysis tools in the scientific investigation of ceramic materials and is presented to the Best of Show winner of the 2018 Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition at MS&T18. Winning entries are featured on back covers of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Entries are due October 5, 2018. Learn more at http:// bit.ly/RolandBSnowAward. Upcoming award deadlines The Geijsbeek PACRIM International Award recognizes individuals who are members of the Pacific Rim Conference societies for contributions in the field of ceramics and glass technology that have resulted in significant industrial or academic impact, international advocacy, and visibility of the field. Industrial candidates are evaluated based on the technology development and commercialization and its current usefulness, importance, uniqueness, and economic significance. Two Geijsbeek awards will be presented at the 2019 PACRIM conference. Submit nominations by October 15, 2018. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 APC International, Ltd. Awards and deadlines (continued) W.A. Weyl International Glass Science Award recognizes abilities of a young scientist who would like to present a paper at an International Congress on Glass and provides funds to make this possible. Any young scientist years or younger whose research and publications in the field of glass science show ingenuity, initiative, and innovative thinking, is eligible for this award. age 35 The award covers the recipient\'s travel expenses, room and board, registration fees, and incidental expenses for attendance at the 25th International Congress on Glass in Boston, Mass., June 9-14, 2019. Recipient must present a paper at the Congress and provide a manuscript. The award consists of a certificate and suitable memento which will be presented during the Congress. Submit nominations with supporting material to Liping Huang, huangL5@rpi.edu by November 1, 2018. LEADING HI-TECH GLOBAL SUPPLIER of piezoelectric ceramics and components In-House Facilities Provide Custom Development & Assemblies Ensuring Reliability Of Every Day Medical Devices Focused on Customer Needs Supporting Successful Piezo Projects Providing Precision Components That Ensure Our Security www.americanpiezo.com 213 Duck Run Road, PO Box 180, Mackeyville, PA 17750 USA Telephone: +1-570-726-6961 Fax: +1-570-726-7466 Students and outreach Congratulations to ACerS Next Top Demo contest winners! The Next Top Demo competition focuses on ceramic and/ or glass outreach demonstration skills and educates the public while promoting the community outreach students already perform at university. Congratulations to this year\'s winners! Scientific choice Sadhana Bhusal and Jenniffer Bustillos, Florida International University, Plasma spray for ceramic coatings Viewers\' choice Laura Aalto-Setälä, Manuel Diemer, Jenni Sorsa, and Jaakko Liikanen, Åbo Akademi University, Phosphorescent filigree canes in glassblowing Students-Show off your creativity in PCSA\'s creativity and microstory contest Ever tried to combine science with art? Give it a try with this year\'s ACerS PCSA\'s creativity and microstory competition! Submission deadline is August 20, 2018. There are multiple prize categories and many ways to win. Winning entries will be displayed in the ACerS booth at MS&T18. Visit www.ceramics.org/pcsacreative for details. Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.7 | www.ceramics.org CENTORR Vacuum Industries ✓ Batch Hot Press Continuous All types of High Temperature Ceramics Processing Vacuum Furnaces ⋅ PRODUCTION AND LABORATORY All non-oxides: SIC, AIN, BN, TiB2, B4C & Si3N4 Hot Presses from 0.5 to 1500 tons CVI has built over 6,500 furnaces since 1954 Max Possible Temperature: 3,500°C (6,332°F) Hot Zones: 10 cc to 28 cu meters (0.6 cu in to 990 cu ft) • Debind, Sinter, Anneal, Hot Press, Diffusion Bond, CVD, CVI, MIM • CVI testing in our lab to 2,800°C (5,072°F) Worldwide Field Service, rebuilds and parts for all makes Centorr Vacuum Industries 55 Northeastern Blvd., Nashua NH 03062 USA Toll free: 800-962-8631 Ph: 603-595-7233 • Fax: 603-595-9220 E-mail: sales@centorr.com Details at www.centorr.com 11 acers spotlight Students and outreach (continued) Compete with students at Material Advantage and Keramos contests at #MS&T18 Join fellow students from around the world at MS&T18 and compete in the following contests: Undergraduate student speaking and poster contests Submit entries by September 24, 2018. Visit www.matscitech.org/students for contest rules and entry information. Ceramic mug drop and ceramic disc golf competitions Start working on your pieces for these contests, which will be held during MS&T18, Tuesday, October 16 in the exhibit hall. Contact Brian Gilmore at Brian.Gilmore@pxd.com to participate. For more information on any of the contests or student activities at MS&T, visit www.matscitech.org/students, or contact Yolanda Natividad at ynatividad@ceramics.org. Student travel grants and tour offered at the 79th GPC The Glass Manufacturing Industry Council is offering $500 travel grants to students who will attend the 79th Conference on Glass Problems, November 5-8, 2018 in Columbus, Ohio. Travel grants are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Students are also invited to attend Anchor Hocking\'s plant tour in Lancaster, Ohio, on November 5, Noon-4 p.m. Students must register in advance to participate. To apply for a grant or register for the tour, visit www.glassproblemsconference. org/student-information by September 28, 2018. Contact Donna Banks at dbanks@gmic.org with questions. Join the GGRN Facebook community! Whether or not you are an ACerS Global Graduate Researcher Network member, we invite you to join us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/ acersgrads to stay up to date with ACerS news, opportunities, competitions, career development tips and tricks, #MotivationalMondays, #FridayFunnies, and more! If you are not a current GGRN member but are a ceramics- or glass-focused graduate student, visit www.ceramics. org/ggrn to learn more and join GGRN today!. CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION Pittsburgh area teachers participate in materials science workshop The Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation recently partnered with HarbisonWalker International to provide a free one-day materials science workshop for teachers at HWI\'s Advanced Technology & Research Center. The workshop was designed to help 7th-12th-grade teachers bring materials science education into their classrooms through the use of the CGIF\'s Materials Science Classroom Kit. Volunteers from HWI and Almatis led 21 teachers from the Pittsburgh area through nine materials science demonstrations in the kit. Each teacher (Credit all images: ACerS) received a Materials Science Classroom Kit and \"The Magic of Ceramics\" book, a $250 value, sponsored by the HarbisonWalker International Foundation. \"We\'re eager to help teachers gain hands-on experience in materials science, so their students can learn more, and even consider it as a possible career path,” HWI manager, Applications Technology-Glass, Bryn Snow says of the workshop. If you would like to host a Materials Science Workshop in your area or sponsor a kit for a local school, contact outreach manager Belinda Raines at braines@ceramics.org. HWI HarbisonWalker International ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org HWI HarborWalker International FW F SPRE TRASH FIVE HOORED DOLLARS A12000 $150000 ceramics in biomedicine Graphene foam could be just the prescription for arthritis sufferers New research from scientists at Boise State University suggests graphene foam soon could play a crucial role in joint replacement and treatment of osteoarthritis pain. Led by Ph.D. student in the Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Katie Yocham, and codirector of the Boise State University\'s Advanced Nanomaterials and Manufacturing Laboratory, David Estrada, researchers mixed graphene foam with animal cells (ATDC5) to build bioscaffolds to replace cartilage destroyed by osteoarthritis, according to a Boise State news release. \"In tissue engineering, graphene represents a unique material with structure property processing correlations that can be used to design bioscaffolds to communicate electrically and mechanically with adhered stem cells, driving their differentiation down various pathways,\" Estrada adds in the article. Estrada writes in an email that chemical exfoliation is an area they plan to study. \"Graphene can be synthesized by chemical exfoliation, via chemical vapor deposition, and sublimation of Si from SiC surfaces,” he explains. \"This results in very different structure-property-processing correlations and our preliminary data shows this has a significant impact on the performance of graphene as a bioscaffold.\" According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 54.4 million adults in the U.S. suffer from arthritis. Over 30 million U.S. adults have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis, the most common form. The paper, published in Advanced Engineering Materials, is \"Mechanical Properties of Graphene Foam and Graphene Foam Tissue Composites\" (DOI: 10.1002/adem.201800166). KILNS FOR THE CERAMICS INDUSTRY NUTEC BICKLEY ENGINEERED THERMAL SOLUTIONS Sanitaryware, Electroporcelain, Refractories, Technical Ceramics, Abrasives, Vitrified Clay Pipe, Ceramic Colors, Ceramic Cores. SERVING CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE www.nutecbickley.com the American Society CONTACT US sales@nutecbickley.com spares@nutec.com Phone: +1 (855) 299.9566 +52 (81) 8151.0800 10/20/2016 HV curr HFW det mag 11:00:50 AM 3.00 kV 82.9 μm T2 5 000 x 25 PA Graphene foam bioscaffold. -40 μm Boise State Center for Materials Characterization Downloaded from bulletin archief.7| www.ceramics.org Credit: David Estrada, Boise State University EQUIPCeramic Behind every great product, there is a great project. Turnkey brick and roof tile plants Ctra. de La Pobla, 64 08788 Vilanova del Camí Barcelona (Spain) info@equipceramic.com Tel. +34 93 807 07 17 Fax +34 93 807 07 20 www.equipceramic.com 13 Oresearch briefs Novel MXene-ZnO composites made with cold sintering process A new paper published in Advanced Materials shows that thermal processing of composites may cease to be a barrier thanks to recent advances in cold sintering processing (CSP). And, the paper reports success making composites with wildly dissimilar materials. Each constituent brings functional properties, and the composite\'s properties are better than either constituent alone-a hallmark of a good marriage. The research collaboration between Clive Randall\'s group at Pennsylvania State University and Yury Gogotsi\'s group at Drexel University demonstrated the feasibility of using cold sintering to densify a composite of zinc oxide and the MXene compound, Ti̟CT. The collaboration sprouted from an NSF-sponsored workshop on the role of ceramics and glass on meeting society\'s grand challenges, which both researchers attended. MXenes are 2-D transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides made by selectively etching MAX phases. Their properties can be tuned with selection of the metallic elements-transition metal M (Ti, V, Cr, Ta, Mo, Nb, etc.,) and group A element (Al, Si, Sn, In, etc.). The etchant leaves surface functional groups, which can be engineered for desired surface CERAMIC COLOR & CHEMICAL x reactivity. In the chemical formula, TX designates the surfaceterminating functional group: oxygen, hydroxyl, or fluorine. MXenes have near-metallic conductivity, but are susceptible to oxidation, especially at elevated temperatures. Zinc oxide is semiconducting, but susceptible to uneven grain growth during sintering, typically at temperatures approaching 1,000°C. Cold sintering densifies ceramics at temperatures up to 300°C by balancing mass transport driven by temperature, pressure, time, and water content. At those temperatures, materials scientists can think of composites made with unexpected constituent pairings. Graduate students from the two groups made continuousmatrix composites by combining 0.5-5 wt% MXene with ZnO nanoparticles. Interestingly, the composite performed better than either constituent alone. That is, the two materials worked together to make a composite with better properties than either material alone has. The press release summarizes the impressive results: \"The metallic MXene coated the ceramic powder and formed continuous two-dimensional grain boundaries, which prevented grain growth, increased the conductivity by two orders of magnitude, transforming semiconducting zinc oxide into a metallic ceramic, and doubled hardness of the final product. The addition of MXene also improved the ability of zinc oxide to transform heat to electricity.\" \"This is one of a series of examples showing the ability to design grain boundaries in ways we previously couldn\'t do,\" Randall says in an interview. \"Now we can be proactive, adding unusual phases not even in the phase diagram and dissimilar phases.\" Cold Sintering Ceramic 2D SPECIALIZES IN: - Traditional Ceramics - Technical Ceramics - Metallurgical Applications - Electrical Component - Manufacturers - Coating and Paints Cement and Mortars - Brick and Structural Ceramics ceramiccolor.com ZnO 5 nm 2D Ti₂C, T ZnO ZnO Nanocomposite 7 ZnO 2D Ti₂C₂T 100nm The schematic illustration showing the cosintering of ceramics and 2D materials using cold sintering processing, and TEM image and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) map of cold sintered 99ZnO-1 Ti̟¸CT nanocomposite. The MXene nanosheets are distributed homogeneously along the ZnO grain boundaries, as seen in the TEM image and EDS map. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Credit: MRI/Penn State \"This is the first ceramic composite containing MXene,\" Gogotsi says in the release. \"Taking into account that about thirty MXenes with diverse properties are already available, we are opening a new chapter in research on ceramic matrix composites, with potential applications ranging from electronics to batteries and thermoelectrics.\" The paper is \"Cold sintered ceramic nanocomposites of 2D MXene and zinc oxide,\" by Jing Guo, et al., Advanced Materials (DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801846) Improving toughness of nanocrystalline ceramics By Ricardo Castro A major manufacturing and application challenge in ceramics is the characteristically low toughness. Although composites are known to improve toughness of ceramics, single-phased ceramics with high toughness are desirable, but not easily attainable, given that many functional properties, such as optical, are based on monolithic products. It was proposed that grain size reduction would improve toughness by allowing grains to slide against each other, much like woven polymers absorb impacts. However, most nanoceramics do not show the predicted high toughness, because grain-grain interfaces show much higher friction than expected, and so defects cannot move easily along boundaries, leading to facile crack propagation. A team of researchers from University of California, Davis, in collaboration with researchers from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have explored the weak interfaces in nanoceramics to demonstrate a new toughening mechanism for nanoceramics. In fibrous composites, fibers create an alternative crack path that deflects cracks and improves toughness. In nanocrystalline ceramics, the U.C. Davis team proposed that the extensive grain boundary network is a dormant crack path waiting to be awakened. In other words, there are many grain boundary possibilities for cracks to propagate. However, cracks typically go in one direction and are mostly linear, which lowers toughness. This is because grain boundaries are not all equal in crystalline materials. Some grain boundaries are weaker than others and hence, cracks mostly propagate through those that are easier to break, resulting in clean and linear cracks. It stands to reason, then, that eliminating disparity in grain boundary strength would remove a \"path of least resistance\" and lead to a more distributed or tortuous crack path, as shown in the image above. The team designed a way for all of the grain boundaries to be more alike. By using dopants that segregate to the grain boundaries, researchers showed they can reduce local energies and improve toughness of individual boundaries. However, more importantly, the researchers acknowledged the existence of weak as well as already strong boundaries. Therefore, they target the weakest grain boundaries primarily so they can be made as Downloaded from bulletin archive frame.7 | www.ceramics.org years WASHINGTON MILLS 1868-2018 Manufacturing abrasive grain and fused minerals since 1868. WASHINGTONMILLS.COM 716.278.6600 • 800.828.1666. info@WashingtonMills.com MRF Materials Research Furnaces, Inc. 2000°C 1ft Furnace with oil-free Turbo Pumping system Celebrating 27 years of serving the ceramic, R&D and production communities. Standard and customized furnaces; let our experienced team help you build a tool for your particular application. 65 Pinewood Rd., Allenstown, NH 03275 603-485-2394-Sales@mrf-furnaces.com www.mrf-furnaces.com 15 research briefs A B Eliminating disparity in grain boundary strength would remove a “path of least resistance\" and lead to a more distributed or tortuous crack path. Credit: Castro, UCD strong as the already strong boundaries. This causes all of them to be equally strong, and thus, cracks branch often as they propagate through grain boundaries and meet a triple joint (where three grain boundaries meet). A 20% improvement in toughness was observed. The researchers demonstrated the concept with zirconia as a model system, but there is no reason to believe the mechanism cannot be applied in other compositions. Besides better understanding toughening mechanisms, this method to improve toughness could impact design of more reliable monolithic ceramics. Mechanical stability and performance of many functional oxides, such as battery electrodes and capacitors, is limited due to the intrinsic brittleness of the material. This method could potentially enable impact resistance without compromising functional properties. Read more in Bokov et al., in the Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 38, Issue 12, September 2018, Pages 4,260-4,267 (DOI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc. 2018.05.007). Self-heating, fast-charging batteries Slow battery charging is a barrier to universal adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), which can take 30 minutes to 12 hours, depending on the charging point used and the EV\'s battery capacity. One factor that significantly impacts EV driving range is the outside temperature. According to the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, cold weather can affect the driving range of plug-in EVs by more than 25%. In a project at Idaho National Laboratory, researchers found that plug-in Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org hybrid electric Chevy Volts driven in winter in Chicago had 29% less range than those driven in spring in Chicago. Chao-Yang Wang and his team developed a self-heating lithium battery that uses thin nickel foil with one end attached to the negative terminal and the other end extending outside the battery, creating a third terminal. Wang is William E. Diefenderfer Chair of mechanical engineering, professor of chemical engineering, professor of materials science and engineering, and director of the Electrochemical Engine Center at Pennsylvania State University. The foil serves as a heater of sorts. A temperature sensor sets off electron flow through the foil-heating it up and warming the battery. The sensor switches off after the battery reaches 32°F, allowing electric current to continue flowing normally. Wang and his team have taken their technology a step further by enabling the battery to charge itself in 15 minutes at temperatures as low as -45°F. When the battery\'s internal temperature reaches room temperature and above, the switch opens to allow electric current to flow in and quickly charge the battery. \"One unique feature of our cell is that it will do the heating and then switch to charging automatically,\" Wang explains in a Penn State news release. He says their battery would not affect the current charging infrastructure. \"Also, the stations already out there do not have to be changed,\" he adds. \"Control of heating and charging is within the battery, not the chargers.\" \"The self-heating battery structure is also essential for all solid-state ceramic batteries because it thermally stimulates uniform lithium deposition at the lithium metal anode and compensates for insufficient ionic conductivity of ceramic or glass electrolytes,\" he explains in an email. \"Plus, solid-state batteries are inherently safe and more efficient to operate at high temperatures. Indeed, a solid state battery would be much inferior without the self-heating battery structure.\" He also says their technology is \"pretty mature and readily commercialized by auto OEMs and battery manufacturers.\" The paper, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, is \"Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures\" (DOI: 10.1073/ pnas.1807115115). Penn State researchers are working on a fastcharging battery that rapidly heats internally prior to charging. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Credit: Chao-Yang Wang, Penn State University Honoring the ACerS Awards Class of 2018 Over its long history, The American Ceramic Society has established a tradition of awards to recognize its members\' outstanding contributions and accomplishments and to create career benchmarks for aspiring young scientists, engineers, and business leaders. The most prestigious of ACerS awards is designation as a Distinguished Life Member, a recognition bestowed upon only two or three members each year. In 2018, three individuals will receive DLM honors: Amar Bhalla, John Halloran, and George Scherer. The Society will elevate 15 members to Fellow and recognize many more outstanding members with various Society, Division, and Class awards and lectures that will be presented at ACerS Annual Awards Banquet at MS&T18, October 14-18, in Columbus, Ohio. 2018 DISTINGUISHED LIFE MEMBERS Amar Bhalla Amar Bhalla always wanted to explore materials and ceramics, even after he earned his bachelor\'s degree in physics, chemistry, and mathematics and a master\'s degree in physics from Rajasthan University (India). It wasn\'t until he was working on his Ph.D. at Pennsylvania State University that he found his true calling in ceramics. As a Ph.D. student, Bhalla had the opportunity to work with Eugene White, a Penn State materials research professor and pioneer in the development of bioceramic implant materials. Those were the days, he says, that he \"got fascinated with bioceramics like coral, which [White] was using to design bone materials.\" Bhalla also worked with piezoelectric/ polymer composites for highly sensitive hydrophone materials in the ferroelectric group in Penn State\'s materials research lab. After earning his Ph.D. in solid state science, Bhalla\'s piezoelectric and electrostrictive research enabled him to collaborate with another professor, L. Eric Cross, whom he met while working on his Ph.D. That led to a research partnership that spanned 40 years and eventually expanded into organometallic ferroics research. Bhalla spent more than 30 years at Penn State as professor of electrical engineering and senior scientist for the Materials Research Institute. Taking advantage of an opportunity to study materials in space, Bhalla became a research associate at the National Academy of Science/National Research Council, where he worked with a team to process materials under zerogravity conditions at NASA\'s Marshall Space Flight Center. He then returned to Penn State and continued his work in developing piezoelectric glass ceramics, nanocomposites for MEMS substrates, and high temperature ferroics, among other research. Currently, Bhalla is Distinguished Research Professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at San Antonio. When Bhalla joined ACerS in the early 1980s, he hit the ground running by joining and getting involved in the Electronics Division-eventually becoming chair, trustee, and subsequently, Division representative on a Fellows panel. He was later honored as an ACerS Fellow in 1990. says Bhalla he received a lot of support from the ED, and has organized nearly 40 symposia for the Division over the years. Now he organizes one ED symposium every year. \"I haven\'t missed a year since 1989,\" he says proudly. One of Bhalla\'s significant ACerS achievements was in expanding the ED outside of the U.S. He was instrumental in helping to establish ACerS chapters in Thailand, Brazil, and India. Because of his efforts, membership in the Division increased by 20%-30%, and he was presented with ACerS Global Ambassador Award in 2016. Bhalla\'s devotion to the Society stems from his belief in helping the future of his profession by paying forward. \"The most important part of our duties is to the younger generation-our future,\" Downloaded from bulletin grehiybaeramics No. 7 | www.ceramics.org he says. \"It gives me a lot of satisfaction and joy to see my students growing and doing new research. And I always stay in touch with them.\" Bhalla says his nearly 40-year ACerS membership has been invaluable. And although he a member of other international societies and attends their meetings when time permits, he has never missed an ACerS Annual Meeting since joining the Society. \"It is an avenue I can keep open with colleagues, students, and collaborators,\" he explains. \"By going to these meetings, you see everyone in one place. There is not a single person in the Electronics Division that I don\'t know,\" he adds. \"That is the rewarding part of being an ACerS member.\" John Halloran engineering career. From the start, John Halloran has had an eye for opportunity, along with a willingness to seek guidance and to take the unexpected path. Consider how a teenaged Halloran chose his ceramic \"I\'m a St. Louis boy, and I went to Rolla night at St. Louis Engineers club. There was a long line for the chemical engineering table, but no line at the ceramic engineering table. Prof. Bob Moore called me over and offered me a $400 scholarship,\" recalls Halloran. And that was that. At University of Missouri, Rolla (now Missouri University of Science and Technology), Halloran got his first taste 17 of research working in Harlan Anderson\'s lab, which he \"rather enjoyed.\" But not enough to steer him away from his goal of working in the aerospace industry. McDonnel Douglas hired the young B.S. ceramic engineer. “I went there and realized this is a project business. When a project is done, the job is done. These guys are migrant workers, kind of like the construction industry. I started to think, maybe I don\'t want to do that, and maybe I could go to graduate school.\" He sought the advice of his Rolla mentor, Harlan Anderson. Acting on Anderson\'s advice to choose a school based on the advisor he\'d like to work with, Halloran went to MIT to work with a new professor, a guy named Kent Bowen. From MIT, Halloran joined the faculty at Pennsylvania State University and \"worked with lots of great people.\" Three years later, he joined the faculty at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. \"It was a wonderful time working with Art Heuer, Terry Mitchell, and Al Cooper,\" he says. After six years, it was time for a change so he joined Ceramic Processing Systems, Kent Bowen\'s start-up company in the Boston area. His experience in the trenches of a start-up would serve him well in later years. \"Different people in the ceramics community telling me what to do have been major forks in my career. It\'s funny how when you look back at things, how random everyone\'s life is. I have to hand it to Bob, Harlan, and Kent for telling me what to do,\" says Halloran. Eventually, Halloran felt the pull of academia and joined the University of Michigan faculty. But the entrepreneurial bug had bitten. He has cofounded Applied Materials Inc., a manufacturer of solid oxide fuel cells and now a subsidiary of Ultra Electronics Holdings plc, and DDM Systems, which 3-D prints molds for precision investment casting molds. The companies Halloran cofounded are all based on research done in the academic lab. \"When a grad student is finished, nobody else can do the work [because each student\'s work must be an original contribution]. You end up abandoning activities more or less when they begin,\" Halloran notes. The role of the university, he says, to suggest potential, whereas industry realizes the potential, “but has to do it better.\" \"When you go to commercialize, you see where the hard work comes in. Any Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org is defect anywhere makes [the part] worthless. Trying to take a technology from lab to a commercial product is really, really hard. It\'s given me a deeper appreciation of industry,\" Halloran says. The American Ceramic Society has served as a basso continuo along the way. \"My whole career was built around conferences-meeting people, getting people to work with me, as collaborators or funding agencies. They all came through the global ceramics community,\" Halloran says. Now emeritus at the University of Michigan, Halloran focuses his energy on DDM Systems and his duties as editor of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. He admits surprise at the new lifestyle. “I\'m busier now than I was before I retired!\" George Scherer They say chance favors a prepared mind. Instead, chance smiled on a young George Scherer and prepared him for a career that led to him becoming a world-renowned expert in glass, sol-gel processing, and cements. Raised in Teaneck, N.J., outside New York City, Scherer knew he was collegebound, but admits “I did not know the first things about colleges.\" He turned to his older brother, who had a Peterson\'s Guide to Colleges. Together they selected a handful of schools that seemed like good fits based on the young men\'s selection criteria-schools with the shortest application forms. Massachusetts Institute of Technology fit the criteria. Intending to become a chemist, he says \"In my first chem lab I blew up some glassware, and I figured I should stick to solids.\" Undergraduate research led him to his true calling. “I started working with Don Uhlmann on the melting rate of quartz, and I got completely hooked,\" he says-hooked enough to earn B.S., M.S. and Sc.D. degrees with Uhlmann. After MIT, Scherer joined the research staff at Corning Glass Works, landing in Peter Schultz\'s group studying vapor deposition processes for making optical fiber preforms. \"Pete showed me around and then said, \'Find something to do.\' I started looking into predicting kinetics, and that\'s how I got into sintering,\" Scherer recalls. It was an interesting time, as the science and marketplace alternatively drove the new optical communication technology. \"We were doing lots of basic science while the market was still trying to figure out what it wanted,\" Scherer says. After 11 years with Corning, Scherer moved to DuPont to work in the Central Research area. Earlier, he had invented a process for making amorphous materials from colloid precursors. DuPont charged its scientists to \"just do science to see what would come out of it. That\'s when I got seriously into sol-gel,\" he says. Scherer stayed with DuPont for 10 years, surprising himself with the length of his career in industry. \"My plan was to work in industry for a year or two then go to academia, but I was having so much fun that I couldn\'t imagine leaving,\" he says. However, the opportunity reappeared when Princeton invited him to join the civil engineering faculty with a joint appointment with the Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials. It was quite a leap for the glass scientist. “I felt like a complete fraud. I had to look up the difference between cement and concrete because I didn\'t know,\" he remembers. However, he soon discovered the gap was smaller than it appeared. \"What\'s important to understand [about concrete] is durability, which led back to my roots. The deterioration mechanisms have to do with growth of crystals of water and salts in porosity,\" says Scherer, a problem that he dealt with when studying permeability of gels. He says, \"I never learned anything that didn\'t turn out to be useful. One of the advantages of getting older is realizing that you\'ve seen this before.\" Besides research, he says, \"Teaching was really fun. It was great to see students \'turn on\' when they get it, especially undergraduates.\" Of ACerS, Scherer says \"The Society is like my family. The people I met were remarkably encouraging and welcoming to new people. The Society offered a way for people to meet and connect.\" In the end, that short college application proved to be the portal to a long, distinguished career. Chance knew what she was doing. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 The 2018 Class of Fellows Alpay S. Pamir Alpay is the General Electric Endowed Professor in Advanced Manufacturing in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Connecticut (Storrs, Conn.) and execu tive director of UConn Tech Park. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland (College Park, Md.). His research focuses on the development of electrically tunable dielectrics, pyroelectrics for solid state heating/cooling, and atomistic design of compositionally graded ferroelectric devices. Alpay is a member of ACerS Electronics Division and has organized four symposia at the Electronic Materials and Applications meetings. Cesarano Joseph Cesarano is president of Robocasting Enterprises LLC. He holds a Ph.D. in materials science from the University of Washington (Seattle). His research interests include colloidal science and manipulation of fine particles for the development of material manufacturing technologies and process improvement. He also is an inventor of robocasting technology for 3-D printing of ceramics. Cesarano is a member of ACerS Basic Science Division and taught an ACerS short course on Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Ceramics. Dominique Chatain is senior scientist, National Center for Scientific Research/ Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience of Marseille, joint laboratory of CNRS and AixMarseille University (Marseille, France). She holds a Ph.D. in physics and materials science from the Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble (France). Her Chatain research focuses on dual physical and chemical perspectives on interfaces and wetting phenomena. She currently works with metal/metal and metal/ ceramic interfaces, with emphasis on heteroepitaxy and grain growth in thin films and their applications to interface engineering. Chatain was program chair for ACerS Basic Science Division and has coorganized sessions at MS&T. Damjanovic Dragan Damjanovic is professor at the Institute of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne-EPFL (Switzerland). He has a Ph.D. in ceramics science from Pennsylvania State University (State College). His research interests focus on emergent electromechanical phenomena in oxide materials, low temperature properties of relaxor-ferroelectrics, symmetry breaking in oxides on different length scales and on application of piezoelectric materials in transducers, sensors and actuators. Damjanovic is a member of ACerS Electronics Division and is associate editor for the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Ferraris Monica Ferraris is full professor of science and technology of materials at Politecnico di Torino, Italy. She has a master\'s degree in solid state chemistry from University of Torino, Italy. Her main research activity is on glasses, glass ceramics and composites for joining and coating and her current area of activity is on joining and mechanical testing of ceramics and CMC. Ferraris is a member of ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division, chair of ACerS Italy Chapter, a member of ACerS Meeting Committee, and has served as member of ECD\'s International Committee. She was also chair of the John Jeppson Award Committee. Ferraris was associate editor and now is coeditor-in-chief of the International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. Downloaded from bulletin grehiybaeramics No. 7 | www.ceramics.org Fu Zhengyi Fu is chief professor of materials science and engineering at the Wuhan University of Technology (China). He received a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from the Wuhan University of Technology. His research focuses on multifunctional ceramics and ceramic-based composites, structural/functional integrative composites, novel materials structure and properties, combustion synthesis, in-situ reaction synthesis and processing, fast and ultrafast sintering, bio-process inspired synthesis, and fabrication. Fu is a member of the International Committee of the Engineering Ceramics Division and served on ACerS David Kingery Award Committee. He received ACerS Global Ambassador Award and the Engineering Ceramics Division\'s Global Star Award. Gates Glenn Alan Gates is conservation scientist at the Walters Art Museum (Baltimore, Md.). He earned his Ph.D. in physical (polymer) chemistry at the University of South Florida (Tampa). His research interests include applications of nanotechnology to the preservation of cultural heritage and leveraging research discoveries for education in science and technology. Gates helped rejuvenate ACerS Art Division into the current Art, Archaeology and Conservation Science Division. He is current treasurer and past chair of the new division. Grasley Zachary Grasley is Presidential Impact Fellow and professor in the Zachry Department of Civil Engineering and in the Materials Science & Engineering Department at Texas A&M University (College Station) and the director of the Center for Infrastructure Renewal. He has a Ph.D. 19 The 2018 Class of Fellows (continued) in civil engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research interests include novel cementitious materials, experimental techniques, and advanced models to help innovate the cement and concrete industry. He is currently involved in the Cements Division and was previously secretary, chair-elect, and chair. Haugan Timothy Haugan is senior research physicist, team leader, and program manager for the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from SUNY-Buffalo (Buffalo, N.Y.). His current research interests cover a wide range of materials and device technologies, with potential application for high electric power aerospace systems. He also has a special interest in superconduc tivity/cryogenics materials and devices development. Haugan was subcommittee officer for ACerS Electronics Division, cochaired many symposia and conferences at MS&T and Electronic Materials and Applications, and coauthored more than 100 presentations at ACerS conferences. James G. Hemrick is director of technology at Reno Refractories in Morris, Ala. Previously, he was senior research engineer where he designed and characterized refractory ceramic materials for iron and steel, non-ferrous, cement, lime, aggregate production, and other manufacturing industries. Hemrick holds a Ph.D. in Hemrick ceramic engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla. Katiyar Ram S. Katiyar is professor of physics at the University of Puerto Rico (San Juan). He has been involved in oxide ceramics research, including ferroelectrics and semiDownloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org conductor materials for applications in energy efficient electronics, energy storage, and energy harvesting. His other research areas include fabrication and characterization of thin films of oxide ferroelectrics for the above applications and Li-ion/Li-S battery materials for rechargeable batteries. Katiyar has a Ph.D. in physics from the Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore, India). He has been involved in ACerS Electronics Division, organized symposia, presented invited talks, and chaired sessions at ACerS meetings, including MS&T. McCloy John S. McCloy is professor in the School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering and director for the Materials Science & Engineering Ph.D. program at Washington State University (Pullman). He has a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from the University of Arizona (Tucson). His research ranges from infrared transmitting ceramics to magnetic nanomaterials to glasses and ceramics for nuclear waste forms. He currently studies predicting crystallization from silicate melts using optical and magnetic characterization methods to understand glass structure, and Iron Age vitrified forts as analogues for understanding long-term glass corrosion. McCloy is chair of ACerS Art, Archaeology & Conservation Science Division, a member of the Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division, served as conference chair of the Glass & Optical Materials Division, and as chair of ACerS Bulletin Editorial Advisory Board. Julie M. Schoenung is professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of California, Irvine. She holds a Ph.D. in materials engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). Her areas of research include material systems that exhibit Schoenung unique behavior, mechanical behavior, including novel work on the nanoindentation and nanoscratch behavior in ceramics and nanocomposites. Research interests include additive manufacturing, microstructural characterization, includ ing in-situ techniques and modeling efforts. Schoenung is a member of ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division. Sisson Richard D. Sisson, Jr. is the George F. Fuller Professor, the director of manufacturing and materials engineering and director of the Center for Heat Treating Excellence at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Worcester, Mass.). He holds a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from Purdue University (West Lafayette, Ind.). His primary research interest is the application of the fundamentals of diffusion kinetics, modeling, and thermodynamics to the solution of materials problems. He currently works on heat treatment of steels and aluminum alloys and additive manufacturing of ceramics and metals. Sisson also has studied effects of deposition process parameters on microstructure and cyclic thermal stability of partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings and green processing ceramics. He is a member of ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division. Steyer Todd Steyer is senior manager of specialty materials and integration at The Boeing Company (Huntington Beach, Calif.). He holds a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). His research focuses on development of high temperature structural materials and thermal protection systems for aerospace applications. Steyer is a member of the Basic Science Division and the Engineering Ceramics Division. He is also a trustee of the Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Society Awards W. DAVID KINGERY AWARD recognizes distinguished lifelong achievements involving multidisplinary and global contributions to ceramic technology, science, education, and art. Yamazaki Shunpei Yamazaki is founder and president of Semiconductor Energy Laboratory, Co. Ltd., Japan. He has a Ph.D. in engineering and honorary doctor of culture from Doshisha University (Kyoto, Japan). His current research focuses on development of an oxide semiconductor, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, which could potentially replace the conventional silicon technology. Yamazaki received the Richard M. Fulrath Award and ACerS Medal for Leadership in the Advancement of Ceramic Technology. JOHN JEPPSON AWARD recognizes distinguished scientific, technical, or engineering achievements. Krishan L. Luthra is chief materials scientist at General Electric Global Research (Schenectady, Science Award. His research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel ceramics materials for electrochemical energy storage and energy conversion. ROSS COFFIN PURDY AWARD recognizes authors who made the most valuable contribution to ceramic technical literature in 2016. \"Improved chemical and electrochemical stability of perovskite oxides with less reducible cations at the surface\" Nature Materials, Volume 15, pages 1010-1016 (2016) by Nikolai Tsvetkov, Qiyang Lu, Lixin Sun, Ethan J. Crumlin and Bilge Yildiz RICHARD AND PATRICIA SPRIGGS PHASE EQUILIBRIA AWARD honors authors who made the most valuable contribution to phase stability relationships in ceramic-based systems literature in 2017. \"Crucial role of octahedral untilting R3m/P4mm morphotropic phase boundary in highly piezoelectric perovskite oxide\" Acta Materialia 134 (2017) 195-202 by Minxia Fang, Shuai Ren, Xiaobing Ren, and Kang Yan Ethan J. Crumlin is career staff scientist at the Advanced Light Source at Fang Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Calif.). Crumlin Qiyang Lu is postdoctoral associate at Materials Ren Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge, Tenn.). Lu Minxia Fang is a Ph.D. candidate at Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi\'an Jiaotong University (China). Shuai Ren is a Ph.D. candidate at Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi\'an Jiaotong University (China). Luthra N.Y.), where he developed a lightweight and tough ceramic composite that has saved billions of dollars in aircraft fuel costs and industrial gas turbines. He has a Ph.D. in metallurgy and materials science from University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia). His current research focuses on commercialization of CMCs and on development of next generation of CMCs. Luthra is an ACerS Fellow. ROBERT L. COBLE AWARD FOR YOUNG SCHOLARS recognizes an outstanding scientist who is conducting research in academia, in industry, or at a government-funded laboratory. Michael Naguib is assistant professor in the department of physics and engineering physics at Naguib Tulane University (New Orleans, La.). He holds a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from Drexel University (Philadelphia, Pa.). His ACerS awards include the Ross Coffin Purdy Award and the Graduate Excellence in Materials Sun Tsvetkov Lixin Sun is a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Ren Nuclear Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.). Nikolai Tsvetkov is research assistant professor in Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (Daejeon, South Korea). Bilge Yildiz is associate professor in the Nuclear Science and Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Departments at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). Yildiz Downloaded from bulletin grehiybaeramics No. 7 | www.ceramics.org Yan Xiaobing Ren is managing researcher and professor at National Institute for Materials Science (Japan). Kang Yan is associate professor at College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (Nanjing, China). GLOBAL DISTINGUISHED DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AWARD recognizes a distinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and glass discipline. Dong Yanhao Dong is postdoctoral associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). He earned his Ph.D. in materials science from the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia). His research focuses on cation diffusion in zirconia ceramics, cover21 ing from phenomenological grain growth experiments to continuum-level transport to atomic-level defect energetics. His current research interest is on functional oxides for energy application, especially on cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. MEDAL FOR LEADERSHIP IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY recognizes individuals who have made substantial contributions to the success of their organization and expanded the frontiers of the ceramics industry through leadership. Coors John K. Coors is chairman of Coors Tek (Golden, Colo.), where he has grown the company into a global engineered ceramics leader. He has an Eng.D. from Technical University of Munich (Germany). He created the CoorsTek Center for Applied Sciences and Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines to facilitate academia and industry collaboration to solve complex problems. Coors is a member of the Engineering Ceramics Division and an ACerS Lifetime Member. Shou Peng Shou is CEO of Triumph Group (Berwyn, Pa.), a group company evolved from Bengbu Design & Research Institute for Glass Industry. He has a master\'s degree in enterprise management from Wuhan University of Technology (China). He has led efforts to diversify the glass industry from traditional building glass to a steadily expanding business of solar energy glass and optoelectronic display glass, where he successfully established TFT-LCD glass and power-generating glass industry in China. Shou is a member of ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division and the Glass & Optical Materials Division. DU-CO CERAMICS YOUNG PROFESSIONAL AWARD is given to a young professional member of ACers who demonstrates exceptional leadership and service to ACers. Hemmer Eva Hemmer is assistant professor for materials | chemistry at the University of Ottawa (Canada) where she focuses on the design and study of lanthanidebased nanocarriers for biomedical and energy conversion applications as well as the investigation of optical features in lanthanide-based materials and molecules. She holds a Ph.D. in materials science from Saarland University (Saarbrücken, Germany). Hemmer has received ECD\'s Global Young Investigator Award and is an active member of the Global Young Investigator Forum Organizing Committee. She is a member of the Engineering Ceramics Division and has organized other symposia at ACerS conferences. She also has served on ACerS Book Publishing Committee and is currently treasurer of ACerS Canada Chapter. ACERS/EPDC: GREAVES-WALKER LIFETIME SERVICE AWARD recognizes an individual who has rendered outstanding service to the ceramic engineering profession and who, by life and career, has exemplified the aims, ideals, and purpose of the Education and Professional Development Council Madsen Lynnette D. Madsen is program director, ceramics at the National Science Foundation, where she develops programs and initiatives in nanotechnology, commercialization, manufacturing, sustainability, education, and diversity. She also leads cooperative activities in materials with European researchers and oversees an active independent research program. She has a Ph.D. from McMaster University (Ontario, Canada). Madsen is an ACerS Fellow and a member of ACerS Board of Directors. Corporate Technical Achievement Award recognizes a single outstanding technical achievement made by an ACerS corporate member in the field of ceramics A. AdValue Photonics Innovative & Reliable AdValue Photonics is the recipient of ACerS Corporate Technical Achievement Award for the development of highly rare-earth doped silicate glass fibers. At the heart of the company\'s innovative technology is its custom glass and fiber design and production capability. The capability to control glass composition as well as the fiber\'s mechanical and geometric properties allows the company to optimize fiber for each of its laser designs. By using higher doping concentrations and shorter fiber lengths, it is able to minimize nonlinearities which result in higher pulse energies and peak powers than would be achievable with commercial off-the-shelf fibers. AdValue Photonics, located in Tucson, Arizona, delivers groundbreaking products based on its proprietary fiber laser technology. Its main product lines include fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, broadband fiber sources, and fiber-based components. Its mission is to provide the most innovative and reliable laser products to customers that \"Add Value\" to their businesses and markets. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL: OUTSTANDING EDUCATOR AWARD recognizes truly outstanding work and creativity in teaching, directing student research, or general educational process among ceramic educators. Edwards Doreen Edwards is dean of the Kate Gleason College of Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology (Rochester, N.Y.). She has a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Her research focuses on oxide materials for fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectric devices, environmental remediation, and solar energy applications. Edwards is an ACerS Fellow and member of ACerS Board of Directors. KARL SCHWARTZWALDERPROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN CERAMIC ENGINEERING (PACE) AWARD honors the past president of the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers and focuses public attention on outstanding achievements of young persons in ceramic engineering and illustrates opportunities available in the ceramic engineering profession. Kang Myungkoo Kang is research scientist in the Glass Processing and Characterization Laboratory at CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central Florida (Orlando). He earned his Ph.D. in materials science and engineering at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor). His research focuses on understanding how irradiation processes can be utilized on a wide variety of semiconductors and glass systems to efficiently create novel nanocomposites with spatially-tunable nanostructure dimensions and desirable properties that are promising for next generation plasmonic and phase-change optical devices. Kang is a member of ACerS Glass and Optical Materials Division. THE AMERICAN Ceramic SOCIETY 2018 ANNUAL HONORS AND AWARDS BANQUET 120 YEARS OF ADVANCING THE Ceramics anD GLASS COMMUNITY Join us to honor the Society\'s 2018 award winners at ACerS Annual Honors and Awards Banquet Monday, October 15 at MS&T18 6:45 - 7:30 p.m. Reception 7:30-10:00 p.m. George Bellows Ballroom, Hilton Purchase banquet tickets with your conference registration or contact Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org. Tickets must be purchased by noon on October 15, 2018. Downloaded from bulletiz-gchiybgeramics. No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 23 McCloy Richard M. Fulrath Symposium and Awards To promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists Symposium: October 15, 2018 | 2-4:40 p.m. John S. McCloy Undividing the discipline: Social interfaces in ceramics science and engineering John S. McCloy is professor in the School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering and director for the Materials Science & Engineering Ph.D. program at Washington State University (Pullman). He has a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from the University of Arizona (Tucson). His research ranges from infrared transmitting ceramics to magnetic nanomaterials to glasses and ceramics for nuclear waste forms. He currently studies predicting crystallization from silicate melts using optical and magnetic characterization methods to understand glass structure, and Iron Age vitrified forts as analogues for understanding long-term glass corrosion. McCloy is chair of ACerS Art, Archaeology, & Conservation Sciences Division, a member of the Nuclear & Environmental Technology Division, served as conference chair of the Glass & Optical Materials Division, and chair of ACerS Bulletin Editorial Advisory Board. Naoya Shibata Atomic-scale understanding of ceramic interfaces by advanced electron microscopy Shibata Convention Center Room A111/112 Naoya Shibata is professor in the Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo. He has a Ph.D. in materials science from University of Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan). His research focuses on the development of new imaging techniques in scanning transmission electron microscopy and their application to grain boundaries and interfaces in materials and devices. Kawada Shinichiro Kawada Potassium sodium niobate-based multilayer piezoelectric ceramics co-fired with nickel inner electrodes Shinichiro Kawada is senior manager of Development Section 1 of the sensor product division at Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Japan, where he develops piezoelectric ceramics including lead zirconate-titanate-based ceramics and lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. He has a master\'s degree in science from the Graduate School of Science, Osaka University (Osaka, Japan). His main achievement is fabricating potassium sodium niobate-based multilayer piezoelectric ceramics co-fired with nickel inner electrodes. Takahashi Yosuke Takahashi Development of ceramics and glass materials for solid oxide fuel cell and oxygen permeable membrane Check matscitech.org for latest updates. Yosuke Takahashi is deputy general manager of Research and Development Center at Noritake Co. Limited, Japan. He has an Eng.D. from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan. His research focuses on development of mixed-ion conducting ceramics of perovskite oxides and glass sealing materials. He also developed process technologies using these materials for solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen permeable membranes at Noritake. Waugh Mark D. Waugh Blending cultures to achieve innovation Mark D. Waugh is senior strategic marketing manager, healthcare at Murata Electronics North America Inc. (Smyrna, Ga.), where he leads strategic marketing efforts for Murata\'s healthcare strategy in the U.S. This includes technology evaluation, new business proposal creation, contract negotiations, new product development, and customer and partner relationship management. He also develops partnering relationships with hospitals, clinicians, universities, start-up companies, incubators, collaborators, and other related organizations. He has a bachelor\'s degree in materials science and engineering from Pennsylvania State University (State College). Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 ACers Award Lectures All award lectures will be held at The Greater Columbus Convention Center ACERS/EPDC ARTHUR L. FRIEDBERG CERAMIC ENGINEERING TUTORIAL AND LECTURE Monday, October 15, 2018 | 9-10 a.m. | Room: A111/112 Jennifer A. Lewis, Wyss Professor for Biologically Inspired Engineering in the Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute at Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.) Digital assembly of colloidal suspensions, gels and foams Jennifer A. Lewis holds an Sc.D. degree in ceramic science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). She is an ACerS Fellow and has received ACerS Sosman Award and the Cements Division\'s S. Brunauer Award. Her research focuses on programmable assembly of functional, structural, and biological materials. Lewis is a member of ACerS Basic Science Division. EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE MS&T PLENARY SESSION Tuesday, October 16, 2018 | 8-10:40 a.m. | Room: Union Station B Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; director, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut (Hartford). Regenerative engineering: Materials in convergence Cato T. Laurencin has a Ph.D. in biochemical engineering/biotechnology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge) and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School (Cambridge, Mass.). Laurencin has received ACerS Rustum Roy Lecture Award. A Lifetime Member, Laurencin is a member of ACerS Bioceramics and Engineering Ceramics Divisions. ACERS FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY-RUSTUM ROY LECTURE Tuesday, October 16, 2018 | 1-2 p.m. I Room: A111/112 David L. Morse, executive vice president and chief technology officer, Corning Inc. (Corning, N.Y.) Imagination and innovation in the land of machines David L. Morse has a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). He is responsible for leading Corning\'s global research, development and engineering organizations, the corporate new product and process innovation portfolio, and the creation of new growth drivers for the company. Morse belongs to ACers Glass and Optical Materials Division. BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION ROBERT B. SOSMAN AWARD AND LECTURE Wednesday, October 17, 2018 | 1-2 p.m. | Room: A111/112 Jürgen Rödel, professor of ceramics at the Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Lead-free piezoceramics: From local structure to application Jürgen Rödel has a Ph.D. in materials science from University of California, Berkeley. His research has focused on sintering, mechanical properties, electrical reliability, and lead-free piezoceramics. His current research interests include exploring opportunities of tuning functional properties of ceramics by applied stress or by introducing dislocation networks. Rödel is a member of ACerS Basic Science and Electronics Divisions. ACERS GOMD ALFRED R. COOPER AWARD SESSION Tuesday, October 16, 2018 | 2-4:40 p.m. I Room: D144/145 COOPER DISTINGUISHED LECTURE PRESENTATION Tanguy Rouxel, University of Rennes 1, France 2018 ALFRED COOPER YOUNG SCHOLAR AWARD A Multiscale Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Glass Ricardo F. Lancelotti, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil Abstract title to come Downloaded from bulletiz-gchiybgeramics. No. 7 | www.ceramics.org Check matscitech.org for latest updates. 25 Keramos holds its Annual Convocation and business meeting in conjunction with MS&T. Keramos powers a bright future with its deep history By Kevin Fox A revitalized Keramos introduces students at all levels to the ceramic and glass engineering profession. Keramos, the professional fraternity engineers, was by students who felt that ceramic engineers needed a path to professional recognition. The American Ceramic Society, founded around the same time as Keramos, focused on addressing the scientific needs of the nascent ceramic engineering profession. Students formed Keramos to help achieve the same professional recognition for ceramic engineering that other engineering fields enjoyed. Keramos\' mission -\"To promote and emphasize scholarship and character in the thoughts of students, to stimulate mental development, and to promote interest in the professional aspects of ceramic engineering, technology, and science\"-still applies today. The first professional fraternity for ceramic engineers, Beta Pi Kappa, was founded at the Ohio State University in 1902. The first, or alpha, chapter of Keramos was founded at the University of Illinois in 1915. Eventually Beta Pi Kappa and other Greek letter organizations merged to establish Keramos as a national organization in 1932. Arthur Frederick Greaves-Walker was elected as the Downloaded aded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Credit: ACerS first national president, with chapters at the University of Illinois, The Ohio State University, North Carolina State University, and Alfred University. Keramos grew quickly by initiating new members at existing chapters, establishing new chapters, and electing honorary members. More than 15 Keramos chapters were founded across the United States. Chapter activities fluctuated with ceramic engineering curricula and transitions to materials science. Keramos successfully fulfilled its mission to provide professional recognition by establishing the Institute of Ceramic Engineers (later NICE, now the Education and Professional Development Council) and work with the Engineers Council for Professional Development (now ABET). Today nine active Keramos chapters carry forward the Keramos mission, including Alfred University, Clemson University, Colorado School of Mines, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, Rutgers, University of Arizona, University of Illinois, and University of Washington. Most recently, Colorado School of Mines students founded a chapter in 2016. Keramos has inducted more than 10,000 members over its 100+ year history. Members are found throughout the ceramic and glass industries, government labs, and academia. Professionalism and service are the focus of Keramos, and its student chapters are the driving force. Keramos students log hundreds of hours each year promoting ceramic and glass sciences as a profession. Their efforts include outreach events at local schools, hosting exhibitions in their university departments, community service projects, Keramos ceramic mug drop The Ceramic Mug Drop Competition has been a highlight of ACerS Annual Meeting for decades. Sponsored by Keramos with the support of Material Advantage, the competition offers students a chance to demonstrate their skill in fabricating a ceramic mug that can survive drops from increasing heights. The competition typically draws entrants from a dozen or more schools, with more than 100 spectators gathering to watch the action. Keramos students designed the contest rules to highlight the strength and durability of ceramic materials overcoming the common notion of brittleness as a design limitation. Mugs must be designed and built by students, consist entirely of ceramic or glass materials, contain no store-bought parts, have a useful handle, and meet size and volume requirements. The entire mug must be fired as a single body, with no pieces attached after firing. During the competition, mugs are dropped from increasing heights until failure. The first drop height is 30 cm, and heights increase in 15 cm increments. Some top performing mugs have survived drops of 210 cm and more! As one might imagine, failures from drops of these heights can be spectacular. Geopolymer mugs developed by the University of Illinois Keramos Chapter dominated the contest for a few years. The mugs routinely survived drops of more than 5 meters. During the ACerS meeting in 2005, Keramos resorted to dropping the Illinois mugs from a balcony competing in academic competitions, tutoring, tours of ceramic and glass corporations, organizing lunch-and-learns, and hosting guest speakers. This past year, several chapters helped judge local elementary school science fairs. Keramos members provided feedback on the scientific method and helped promote young students\' excitement in science. Keramos enjoys a close relationship with the American Ceramic Society. This year, the Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation (CGIF) began a partnership with Keramos to expand student chapter activities. Chapters may apply for an annual grant from CGIF to support outreach activities on campus and at local schools. The first round of grant applications in early 2018 generated some novel and creative methods for spreading the word about ceramic engineering to the future work force. For example, The Credit: ACerS Keramos organizes some of MS&T\'s most visible and entertaining student activities, the annual Keramos ceramic mug drop and disc golf competitions. Brian Gilmore emcees the 2016 competition with aesthetic competition mugs in the foreground. outside the conference center, and the mugs survived! Difficulty breaking geopolymer mugs forced a rule change; mugs must now be fired at a temperature of 1,000°C or more. In addition to drop strength, mugs are also judged for their aesthetics. Recent winners in this category have highlighted students\' skills in glazing and glass blowing. Thankfully, contest rules do not require that mugs competing in the aesthetics category submit to the drop contest. \"Being able to witness Keramos\'s presence at the conferences, especially the excitement the competitions elicit, helps to reaffirm students\' choices in pursuing ceramic and glass sciences,\" Katie Gann, Colorado School of Mines, says. Building on the success of the mug drop competition, Keramos students developed the ceramic disc golf competition a few years ago. This contest combines skill fabricating discs using ceramic materials with skill throwing discs to a goal at distances up to 9 meters. Be sure to check out the mug drop and ceramic disc golf competitions during the exhibition at MS&T\'18 on Tuesday, Oct. 16, in Columbus, Ohio. Check schedule details at www.matscitech.org. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics,.7 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society 27 Keramos powers a bright future with its deep history Colorado School of Mines Keramos Chapter plans to host a High School Materials Science Demo Day, bringing local students to the campus for a tour and ceramics and glass demos including the new hot glass shop. The Missouri S&T Keramos Chapter will purchase cotton candy machines to demonstrate (edible) fiberglass production. Locally, Keramos students do an excellent job promoting ceramics and glass. At a national level, the Keramos Board of Directors works to bring students together at the ACerS Annual Meeting and MS&T Conference. This exposes students to the ceramics and glass profession at national and international levels and glass industry is an invaluable experience. Attending the Annual Convocation and business meeting shows delegates that we do have a hand in shaping the organization as a whole,\" Katie Gann, student at Colorado School of Mines, says. Beyond the student experience Students members of Keramos need your support for their continued success. Professionals in industry, government labs, and academia can support Keramos students by offering to visit a chapter as a guest \"To promote and emphasize scholarship and character in the thoughts of students, to stimulate mental development, and to promote interest in the professional aspects of ceramic engineering, technology, and science.\" give them an opportunity to interact with peers during the Keramos Annual Convocation, as well as to network with professionals and future employers throughout the conference. \"Often, MS&T is the first conference many Keramos members attend-getting to see the community within the ceramics and WHY BUY PHASE? TRUSTED. COMPREHENSIVE. CONVENIENT. SMART. AFFORDABLE. -the mission of Keramos speaker, providing a tour of your facility, and helping students understand more about opportunities available in careers in ceramics and glass. As a Keramos member, keeping up with your annual dues (only $10!) or providing additional donations will help students at your alma mater and other Keramos chapters. You can do this via the Keramos page at www.ceramics.org. The Board of Directors concentrates Scan to watch product demo almost all the fraternity\'s funds on supporting student travel to the MS&T conference, with a small amount going to professional recognition such as the Outstanding Chapter Award. In other words, all funds support student engagement in the ceramic and glass profession! You can stay in touch with Keramos through our newsletter, the Keragram. It\'s available on the Keramos page at www.ceramics.org/classes/keramos and distributed by email. The Keramos page also has every chapter\'s annual reports, so it\'s a great place to check up on your home chapter. Anyone, regardless of Keramos membership, is welcome to join the Keramos Annual Convocation on the Sunday morning prior to the MS&T conference. The Convocation highlights activities and accomplishments of all chapters. Each year a \"career speaker\" is selected to provide a comprehensive view of his or her career in ceramics and glass, providing important lessons and suggestions for students as they prepare to graduate. About the author Kevin Fox is fellow engineer at Savannah River National Laboratory and past president/herald of Keramos. Contact him at kevin.fox@srnl.doe.gov. Produced jointly by ACerS and NIST under the ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibria for Ceramics program AT + A₁₂O₂ The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org NIST UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Z+AT + Al₂03 PHASE Equilibria Diagrams ceramics.org/buyphase Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Z + AT + Liq. Z + AT Liquid T + ZT + Liq. Figure 1. Current-activated pressure-assisted densification (CAPAD) machine at University of California, San Diego. CAPAD offers excellent control of temperature, heating/ From powder to optical devices: Using CAPAD to create functional transparent Credit: Garay, UCSD ceramics O ne of the most practical goals of materials processing is fabricating materials for use in devices. The clear majority of ceramics used in industrial applications are freesintered continuously in tunnel furnaces. or in large batch furnaces. Pressure-assisted techniques such as hot pressing (HP) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are ubiquitous for applications where very low porosity is essential. Because of excellent temperature, heating/cooling rate, and pressure control, current-activated pressure-assisted densification (CAPAD) 1,2 has emerged as a reliable method for attaining dense materials. Interest from cooling rate, and pressure processing parameters, making the academic community is widespread, and it is it a reliable method for attaining dense materials. By Y. Kodera, A. D. Dupuy, E. H. Penilla, and J. E. Garay Current-activated pressure-assisted sintering shows promise for densifying novel, transparent optical oxides. Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics etin-archive ceramics, OK 6.7 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Bulletin, Vol. 97, increasingly important in industrial settings. Sintering efficiency, as measured by significantly lower temperatures and processing times, is often cited as CAPAD\'s primary advantage. However, efficiency by itself is not enough to truly compete with continuous or large batch processes for traditional ceramics. The true promise is the ability to reliably and reproducibly fabricate materials with unique nano/microstructures and metastable phase content, i.e., for making materials that are difficult to make by more conventional techniques. Here we briefly discuss our ongoing efforts using CAPAD to make ceramics for useable, novel optical devices at the Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis Lab at University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Specifically, we give examples of optical amplitude modulators and laser gain media made from CAPAD fabricated polycrystalline oxides. One of the benefits of functional optical ceramics is that typical sizes of CAPAD fabricated materials are large enough to be used directly in optical devices. Figure 1 shows the CAPAD machine that we use at the UCSD. For many structural applications, a pressing need exists for producing ever larger parts. CAPAD has no fun29 (a) Photodetector BXT Ceramic Polarizer Lens Light intensity, 1/10 1 0.9 0.8 370 Volts 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Electric field (MV/m) Figure 2. (a) Electrooptic amplitude modulator based on a BXT ceramic synthesized via CAPAD. (b) Light Intensity-Voltage characteristics of a BXT amplitude modulator. damental limit to scale-up, but there are some practical challenges to overcome. Transparent ceramics Polycrystalline, optically translucent ceramics have received attention both technologically and fundamentally since Coble\'s ground breaking work showed that polycrystalline alumina can be sintered to translucency,³ leading to extensive application of sodium vapor lamp technology. The chemical and temperature resistance coupled with mechanical robustness makes ceramics attractive for demanding applications compared to more widely used optical materials like glasses and single crystals. A relatively common way of achieving high transparency is free sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or hot pressing followed by HIP. These methods work extremely well for isotropic cubic ceramics but are less effective for anisotropic ceramics because it is often to difficult to achieve very fine grain sizes. In randomly oriented polycrystalline ceramics there is light scattering even in the absence of porosity because each neighboring grain presents a discontinuity in refractive index. Fortunately, scattering can be minimized by reducing grain size. 4,5 Electrooptic modulator Electrooptic (EO) materials are used Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Lab at UC San Diego AMPS Lab research focuses on advanced material processing and synthesis with particular emphasis on designing the micro/nano-structure of materials for property optimization. The lab has in-house property measurement and device design capabilities, allowing seamless integration between materials design and evaluation of material performance in devices. On the fundamental side, current research emphasizes the understanding of the role of length scales (nano/microstructure) on light, heat, and magnetism. On the applied side, we are developing materials for next generation optical devices, magnetic devices, and thermal energy storage. AMPS Lab group with director Javier E. Garay (front left). extensively for light modulation. EO materials such as lithium niobate (LN) can be used for optical-beam deflection, giant optical pulse generation, telecommunication optical switching, Q-switching, and mode-locking of lasers. Good EO materials often have excellent ferroelectric properties. Inspired by promising ferroelecric properties 6,7 of the leadfree material, (1-x)Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8)O3-x(Ba 0.7 Ca 3)TiO3 (called BZT-BCT or BXT), we worked on introducing transparency to the system. BXT has been studied extensively for piezoelectric applications, but it is commonly opaque, making it a candidate for CAPAD processing. BXT is a barium titanate based solid solution with Ca substituted on the Ba sublattice and Zr doped on the Ti sublattice. BXT has high optical anisotropy, containing uniaxial (two different refractive indices) and biaxial (three different refractive indices) crystal structures, which make it relatively difficult to achieve transparency. Our approach was to develop a new powder synthesis route that can be calcined and densified at significantly lower temperatures. The new processing route produces ceramics with very low porosity and fine grains resulting in transparency. EO coefficients were substantially higher than state-of-the-art materials like LN and lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT). Figure 2a shows a picture of a BXT based amplitude modulator. Because BXT\'s EO properties outperform other materials, this optical device can be operated at a substantially lower voltage than competing devices.8 Figure 2b shows light modulating (intensity increasing) as electric field is increased. Measurements so far show that the EO device works at least Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Credit: Dupuy, UCSD (b) up to 10 kHz. We attribute this large EO effect to the coexistence of phases with different optical symmetries through a combination of efficient domain switching and phase conversion. Laser gain media 11 Lasers are used in an increasingly important range of medical, scientific and industrial applications. Encouraged by pioneering work on cubic (optically isotropic) yttrium alumina garnet (YAG) ceramics that demonstrated lasing performance rivaling their single-crystal counterparts, we decided to work on extending the materials palate available for lasing ceramics to noncubic (anisotropic) ceramics. In most solid-state laser designs, the maximum allowable power scales directly with the thermal conductivity, k, of the gain media, so that a 10-fold increase in k translates to a 10 times more powerful laser. Specifically, we worked on making rare earth doped Al2O3,10,11 because alumina has substantially better thermomechanical properties than state of the art YAG. Recently, we introduced a powder processing route in conjunction with single-step CAPAD reaction/densification to produce transparent bulk polycrystalline Nd:Al2O3 with Nd incorporated at concentrations that are two to three orders of magnitude greater than possible with melt based techniques. The ceramics have high transmission at both the pumping and emission wavelength, which makes inversion population and gain possible. Figure 3a shows a ceramic sample on top coin, demonstrating transparency. We measured the optical gain of the ceramics using a single pass set-up to prove their viability as laser gain materials. Figure 3a and 3b show the schematic and prototype optical gain device. Interestingly, the emission bandwidth is higher than previously developed Nd-doped media. Wide bandwidths can be used for building tunable lasers and for producing short pulses. Moreover, the significantly higher thermomechanical properties of Nd:Al2O3 promises a significantly higher duty cycle and peak power. of a We note, too, that these strategies based on tailoring the crystallite size to other important length scales-the wavelength of light and interatomic dop(a) (c) DEN (b) PD1 ant distances are applicable to many other oxides and nitrides and carbides. Thus, CAPAD should be an avenue for producing laser ceramics that were not previously considered. About the authors Y. Kodera is research scientist (research faculty) at the Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Lab at University of California, San Diego., E. H. Penilla is a post-doctoral researcher at UCSD. A.D. Dupuy recently earned his Ph.D. with the group. J.E. Garay is professor at UCSD and directs the AMPS Lab. Contact Garay at jegaray@eng.ucsd.edu. References ¹U. Anselmi-Tamburini and J. Groza, \"Critical assessment: electrical field/current application - a revolution in materials processing/sintering?\" Materials Science and Technology, 2017, Vol. 33, No. 16, 1855-1862 2J. E. Garay, \"Current Activated Pressure Assisted Densification of Materials,\" Annual Reviews of Materials Research (2010), 40, 445-468 3R. L. Coble, Transparent Alumina and Method of Preparation 1962, US Patent 3026210 4Y. Kodera, C.L. Hardin and J.E. Garay, \"Transmitting, emitting and controlling light: Processing of transparent ceramics using current-activated pressure-assisted densification\" Scripta Materialia (2013), 69, 149-154. Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, 0.7 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Bulletin, Heat Exchanger 1064 nm PD3 Nd:Al2O3 Ceramic 40W FAP PD2 806 nm Nd³-Al₂O Sample Figure 3. (a) CAPAD-produced bulk, transparent, polycrystalline Nd:Al2O3. (b) Schematic design of optical gain device with Nd:Al2O3 and (c) laboratory prototype of optical gain device. Credit: Penilla, UCSD 5E. H. Penilla, C. L. Hardin, Y. Kodera, S. A. Basun, D. R. Evans and J. E. Garay, \"The role of scattering and absorption on the optical properties of birefringent polycrystalline ceramics: Modeling and experiments on ruby (Cr:Al2O3)\" Journal of Applied Physics (2016) 119, 023106 (DOI: 10.1063/1.4939090) 6W. Liu, X. Ren, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 1 \'M. Acosta, N. Novak, V. Rojas, S. Patel, R. Vaish, J. Koruza, G.A. Rossetti, J. Rödel, Appl. Phys. Rev. (2017) 4 041305 8A. D. Dupuy, Y. Kodera and J. E. Garay, \"Unprecedented electro-optic performance in lead-free transparent ceramics\" Advanced Materials, (2016) 28, 7970-7977 (DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600947) ⁹A. Ikesue, Y. L. Aung, T. Yoda, S. Nakayama, T. Kamimura, Optical Mater., (2007) 29 1289- 1294 1ºE. H. Penilla, Y. Kodera and J. E. Garay, “Blue-green emission in terbium doped alumina (Tb:Al2O3) transparent ceramics\" Advanced Functional Materials (2013) 23, 6036-6043(DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201300906). \"E. H. Penilla, L. F. Devia-Cruz, M. A. Duarte, C. L. Hardin, Y. Kodera, and J. E. Garay, \"Gain in polycrystalline Nd-doped alumina: Leveraging length scales to create a new class of high-energy, short pulse, tunable laser materials\" Light: Science & Applications, (2018) 7 (DOI:10.1038/ $41377-018-0023-z) Acknowledgments We thank C. Hardin for the gain schematic. The EO work was funded by the NSF with L. Madsen as program director. The laser gain work was funded by the HEL-JTO through the ARO with M. Bakas as program manager. 31 Sintering of nanopowders-The dream not (or partially) coming true Similar neck/particle radii Agglomerates Nano-Micron Adsorbed Molecules CO Nano Crystals Trapped Molecules B Major challenges and peculiarities related to the usage of nanopowders in sintering. Interfacial Energies By Ricardo H. R. Castro Surface reactivity of nanopowders complicates sintering to dense nanoscale grain structure. The he advent of nanoparticles caught significant attention from the sintering community looking for lowering sintering temperatures of ceramics. In principle, nanoparticles have high surface areas and, according to the most accepted sintering theories, the driving force for densification relies on the curvatures of the particles and their surface energies. The excess of both leads one to expect pronounced sintering when substituting microsized particles by those with sizes at the nanoscale. Researchers hoped more pronounced densification with shorter sintering times could potentially retain nanoscale grain sizes in the final sintered body and result in, for example, improved mechanical strength. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org It did not take long for the community to realize the picture is more complicated (see diagram). Nanoparticles are highly reactive and absorb all sorts of molecules on their surfaces to reduce the excess energies coming from unsatisfied chemical bonds and bonding coordination. Molecules such as H₂O, CO₂, SO 4, and other chemicals commonly found in the synthetic environment reduce the surface energy, hence the driving force for densification. In addition to negatively acting on the thermodynamics of the process, those chemicals will be released during sintering in the form of gases, causing residual porosities that are generally difficult to remove. Although one could use such reactivity-with H₂O in particular-to exploit mechanisms such as cold sintering (where the surface of the particle is partially dissolved and Sintering recrystallized), for most conventional sintering this is a critical problem and addressed by diligently cleaning the surface of the particles using degassing procedures before sintering. However, some of those chemicals are strongly bonded to the surface and require elevated temperatures to remove. For example, CO₂ reacts with the surface of magnesium and magnesium aluminate oxides to form carbonates, which can only be decomposed above 1,100°C. At such high temperature, coarsening is unavoidable, which compromises nanostructural features. Gas Induced Porosity The high surface reactivity of nanoparticles also results in undesirable agglomeration and aggregation of powders. During synthesis, calcination, or other processing step, nanoparticles can easily form solid-solid interfaces to reduce the total energy of the system. Such interfaces can have different nature, ranging from weak van der Waals interactions to strong aggregates that behave as presintered structures. Therefore, it is actually very difficult to find nanoparticles that are indeed one single crystal with dimensions in the nanoscale. Most commonly, those nanocrystals aggregate in particles that may or may not have nanosized dimensions. Such particles are still composed of nanocrystals, but the total excess energy, and therefore the driving force for sintering, is largely reduced. An alternative way to reduce agglomeration, or at least avoid the strong aggregates, is to use powder synthesis methods that use low temperatures and solvents that prevent agglomeration during drying (such as the classic example of the effect of water on zirconia nanoparticles). An additional but unexpected problem from sintering nanoparticles relates to a more fundamental problem with the accepted sintering theory. The driving force for sintering is the difference in curvature radius between the www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 necks formed when particles touch each other and the surface of the particles themselves. In deriving phenomenological equations, the underlying assumption is that the difference in between those radii is so large that the neck radius is deemed negligible. While this is a reasonable assumption for microscale particles, a common neck radius can measure up to a few nanometers, suggesting that below 10nm, there is effectively no driving force enhancement as one could expect.¹ This aspect connects to an additional peculiarity of sintering of ceramic nanoparticles. Although thermodynamics of interfaces is relevant for sintering of microsized particles, the fact that a much larger fraction of the atomic volume in nanoparticles is located at the interfacial regions implies a more relevant role in defining microstructural evolution of nanopowders. From an energetic perspective, sintering is a process of surface elimination and grain boundary formation (followed by elimination by grain growth). Therefore, if the grain boundary energy is lower, and the surface energy is high, one can expect more densification with limited grain growth taking place. In fact, it is not uncommon to assume this a favorable thermodynamic condition for densification in most ceramic systems, but recent experimental thermodynamic data show this is not often true, and interfacial thermodynamic engineering by using dopants can really allow major improvements in the control of sintering. This simplistic approach has been shown effective on the design of sintering of nanopowders of zirconia, for example. 2,3 This literature suggests, however, that while having a favorable interfacial thermodynamics is a necessary condition for densification to occur in nanoparticles, it is not a sufficient one because atomic mobility must take place to allow mass transport towards the formation of boundaries and porosity elimination. This mobility leads to the necessary mass redistribution, but if not well controlled can lead to undesirable grain growth. Although the understanding of sintering of nanopowders has largely improved in the past decades, maintaining the grain sizes at the nanoscale during and after sintering is still a major challenge for conventional pressureless sintering. The apparent connection between the need for (at least limited) growth to achieve densification of nanoparticles compromises the smallest grain sizes that can be achieved in the final sintered product.¹ Sintering additives that segregate to grain boundaries and pin, either kinetically or thermodynamically, the movement of boundaries in the final stage of sintering are certainly candidates to improve conventional sintering of nanocrystalline dense ceramics. However, maintaining sizes in the 10-20nm range in truly fully dense samples is more realistically obtained using pressure assisted processes such as spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of pressure has been studied for many years in the sintering community, and the results are generally positive in achieving high densities. However, pressure alone does not reduce grain growth potential, and smaller grain sizes are obtained with pressure mostly because it allows lower processing temperatures, which limit the activation of coarsening. Because sintering time and temperature are the two major regulators of grain growth during sintering, SPS offers significant benefits over regular hot pressing process. Also known by a number of other names, such as CAPAD (current-activated pressure-assisted densification) or FAST (field-assisted sintering), the benefits of SPS to sintering of ceramics have been systematically shown to be related to the very rapid heating rates and high applied pressures, 4 at least in the cases of insulating ceramics. In SPS, dies are conductive and constitute the heating elements themselves through which a high current density is passed to cause high heating rates. Because the die is in contact with the sample, the heat rapidly transfers to the sample that is also under pressure. Up to 2GPa can be applied, depending on the die material.5 Application of SPS to nanopowders can indeed deliver ultrafine nanocrystalline ceramics. However, the topics discussed regarding the implications of utilizing nanoparticles in sintering must be taken into account for effective densification and growth inhibition. For example, when sintering magnesium aluminate nanoparticles by SPS, a critical step is the degassing of the sample to eliminate deleterious effects Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, 7 | www.ceramics.org from the surface pre-absorbed molecules.6 This is not to say that the sample cannot be sintered to full density without degassing, as has been shown several times in the literature, but clean surfaces are necessary to achieve small grain sizes by keeping the sintering time the shortest, i.e., without unnecessary holding times to eliminate residual porosities from the evolved gases. In truth, the recent efforts to understand the impact of physical chemistry of interfaces and powder condition on processing enabled much progress on the control of sintering of nanoparticles. Significant challenges are, however, still at hand by academia and industry, in particular when considering more complex processing techniques such as additive manufacturing. However, the search for ceramics with smaller grain sizes and novel functionalities makes mandatory the choice of nanopowders as the starting material, encouraging us to further pursue this processing science to uncover the technological potentials. About the author Ricardo H. R. Castro is professor of materials science and engineering at University of California, Davis. Contact Castro at rhrcastro@ucdavis.edu. Acknowledgements This work was supported by NSF DMR Ceramics 1609781, Lynnette Madsen, program director. References \'Castro, R.H.R. and D. Gouvêa, \"Sintering and Nanostability: The Thermodynamic Perspective,\" Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2016. 99(4): p. 1105-1121 2Li, H., S. Dey, and R.H.R. Castro, \"Kinetics and thermodynamics of densification and grain growth: Insights from lanthanum doped zirconi,” Acta Materialia, 2018. 150: p. 394-402 3Li, H., F.L. Souza, and R.H.R. Castro, \"Kinetic and thermodynamic effects of manganese as a densification aid in yttria-stabilized zirconia,\" Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018. 38 (4): p. 1750-1759 *Guillon, O., J. Gonzalez-Julian, B. Dargatz, T. Kessel, G. Schierning, J. Räthel, and M. Herrmann, “FieldAssisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments,\" Advanced Engineering Materials, 2014. 16(7): p. 830-849. \"Bokov, A., S. Zhang, L. Feng, S.J. Dillon, R. Faller, and R.H.R. Castro, \"Energetic design of grain boundary networks for toughening of nanocrystalline oxides,\" Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018. 38(12): p. 4260-4267. \"Muche, N.F., J. Drazin, J. Mardinly, S. Dey, and R.H.R. Castro, \"Colossal Grain Boundary Strengthening in Ultrafine Nanocrystalline Oxides,\" Materials Letters, 2017. 186: p. 298-300. ■ 33 Indentation fracture toughness: A review and application By Costandino Relias and Doug Ngai Vickers indentation eliminates the need for standardized samples to determine fracture toughness of brittle materials. The key is to select the correct system of equations to calculate fracture toughness from crack morphology. racture toughness (K) is an intrinsic provide accurate, consistent results. However, these tests must have a designated specimen geometry and use with specific test equipment. In contrast, the indentation fracture toughness (IFT), K₁, test method does not have significant restraint to specimen size or geometry; the specimen, typically, only requires a scratch-free, lum surface finish. The ease of testing and low financial cost of the indentation fracture method compared to standardized methods makes it a preferred choice for estimating fracture toughness of brittle materials.¹ The indentation fracture toughness testing uses cracks emanating from Vickers hardness indents to estimate the material\'s K. These cracks are formed when high load Vickers indentation is applied to the test specimen. The ideal crack profile has one crack protruding from each corner of the indent, as shown in Figure 1. If there are multiple cracks and/or uneven crack a material resists fracture. The standardized testing methods for K involve creating a small crack in a fracture toughness test specimen and propagating the crack under an applied load. Examples of standardized methods for ceramics and brittle materials include: the chevron-notched beam (CNB), single-edge lengths, then the indent would not be suitable for K estimaprecracked beam (SEPB), and the surface crack in flexure (SCF) methods.\' These methods are described in ASTM C1421, and when performed in accordance with standards, they Unfortunately, no single equation can measure fracture toughDownloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org tion. An example of a poor crack profile is shown in Figure 2. When an ideal indent is created, a multitude of equations may be considered to calculate fracture toughness from the crack length information. These equations originate from different experimental studies and will be discussed later. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 100m Figure 1. A 98N Vickers indent in Si̟N with ideal cracks. ness accurately for a variety of different materials; thus, a standardized method of performing indentation fracture toughness testing has not been established. 1,2,3 Crack systems and fracture toughness equations With Vickers indentation fracture toughness testing, two possible crack systems may be considered. These two crack systems are Palmqvist cracks and Median cracks. The type of crack formed depends Palmqvist cracks a 100 mV Figure 2. A 98N Vickers indent in Si¸№ with irregular cracking not suitable for K₁c calculation. Median cracks on the material and indentation load, with Figure 3. Crack profile comparison.4 the Palmqvist cracks forming at low loads or in high fracture toughness materials while the Median cracks form under opposite conditions. 4,5 The Palmqvist crack system consists of four cracks that initiate at the corners of the Vickers indent and stay close to the material\'s surface. In contrast, the Median crack system has a half-penny profile which contains two cracks that extend under the indent. 5 These two crack systems are depicted in Figure 3. Because these crack systems appear the same from the surface, the only way to verify the actual crack system is to examine the cross section of the indent. This is not feasible when performing indentation fracture toughness testing, so the c/a ratio was developed to determine which crack system is formed with each indent. The value c is the radius of the halfpenny crack, a is the indent half-diagonal and is the average crack length. These values are used in the indentation fracture toughness equations and correspond to the lengths shown in Figure 4. According to Niihara, when c/a> 2.5 the crack is assumed to be Median and below 2.5 it will be Palmqvist.? Other studies have shown that there is a transition period where the crack has a possibility of being both. 5 The general rule is that if c/a> 2.5 then the crack system is most likely to be Median; while, if c/a < 2, then it is most likely Palmqvist. If it is in between, it could be either depending on the material. Determining the crack system is important for indentation fracture toughness calculations, as it regulates which equation should be applied. The origin of many indentation fracture toughness equations is based on fracture mechanics analysis and Downloaded from bulletin-archive ceramics, O.7 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Bulletin, fitting of experimental 2a 2c Vickers data. The formation of Median cracks is consid ered to be equivalent to a center loaded crack at the indent, while Palmqvist cracks are equivalent to a semi-infinite crack loaded at each indent corner. This difference in modeling results in the variance in the equation form between the crack systems. Below are the most widely used indentation fracture toughness equations for each crack system. Figure 4. Defined lengths of Vickers indent and cracks.6 Palmqvist crack system equations Shetty equation Niihara equation? KIC = 0.04285 1/(1-v²) (HP/1)1/2 = 0.0123 (E/H)2/5 (HP/1) 1/2 Median crack system equations Anstis equation⁹ Niihara equation? Miyoshi equation 10 = K₁C = = 0.016 (E/H) 1/2 (P/c3/2) K=0.0309 (E/H) 2/5 (P/c³/2) K₁ = 0.018 (E/H) 1/2 (P/c³/2) E Young\'s Modulus (GPa) H = Hardness (GPa) P = Indent force (N) 1 = Average crack length (10-3 m) c = Average length (10-4 m) v = Poisson\'s Ratio 35 Indentation fracture toughness: A review and application The Anstis and Miyoshi equations use the same basic form, based off a center loaded half-penny crack. The difference between these two equations is its respective constant, which is determined by fitting the equation with experimental data. Anstis used various ceramic materials to fit to the equation, while the Miyoshi equation was mainly focused on silicon nitride. The Niihara equations have a slightly different form because they are based on curve fitted behavior, not crack models. Niihara has two equations because they determined from the fitting of experimental data sets for Palmqvist and Median cracks separately. The other Palmqvist crack equation used to estimate fracture toughness is the Shetty equation. This equation uses Poisson\'s ratio instead of Young\'s Modulus and is based off a wedge loaded two dimensional through crack.³ Indentation fracture toughness application The concern with using indentation fracture toughness to estimate K is that for every situation and material, different equations need to be evaluated and considered. When performing indentation fracture toughness testing on a general ceramic material, Miyoshi\'s equation has shown to provide a rough correlation with actual fracture toughness values for most ceramics.³ According to Miyazaki and Yoshizawa, Miyoshi\'s equation tends to underestimate fracture toughness while Niihara\'s equation for Median cracks tends to overestimate it.3 The Miyoshi equation is for Median crack systems, so a sufficiently high load is required to ensure c/a> 2.5. If the c/a> 2.5 ratio is not attainable, a c/a ratio greater than 2 will be adequate for most scenarios. Some materials provide more accurate indentation fracture toughness results and have a specified equation that is more applicable. For example, when testing Si3N4, using Miyoshi\'s equation shows good correlation with actual fracture toughness values and provides an accurate estimation. 1,3 Two other ceramic materials that have received notable attention are WC-Co and SiC. Multiple studies using indentation fracture toughness on WC-Co cemented carbides have concluded that Shetty\'s equation provided the best fit with actual fracture toughness values. 4,11 WC-Co cemented carbides are materials with a high fracture toughness, so the Palmqvist crack system forms in most scenarios. Therefore, K, calculations using Median crack system equations will be inaccurate. SiC is another popular ceramic material tested significantly with the indentation fracture toughness method. In most cases, using the Miyoshi equation with SiC will result in an overestimation of fracture toughness and studies have shown that the Anstis equation provides the most accurate K₁ value. 1,2,3 Figure 5 is a guide to select the proper equation based on material. Comparative testing is another way to utilize the indentation fracture toughness method. The indentation testing is a fast and convenient method to compare various samples\' fracture toughness. Especially those specimens that cannot be measured by other methods. This comparative testing is best done with the same type of material and caution should be used when comparing different materials that have similar fracture toughness values. A good example of comparative testing Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org Ceramic Materials Material choice AIN Sic Equations Niihara (Median) Anstis WC-Co and other cemented Shetty carbides Si3N4, Al2O31 and any other materials Miyoshi Figure 5. Diagram showing the equations that are suitable for the various variety of ceramic materials including: AIN,³ SiC,2,3 WC-Co, 4,¹¹ Si¸№ 4,³ Al2O3,³ and any others. 4,11 is examining the fracture toughness of a material with different alloying elements or composition changes. This type of experimentation and assessment is shown in Soleimanpour, et al., for WC-Co cemented carbides.11 Silicon nitride indentation fracture toughness experimental tests A 3M silicon nitride specimen with a reference fracture toughness value of 6 MPa.m² was used to demonstrate effectiveness of the indentation fracture toughness method and provides an example of how each equation relates to one another. A piece of Si3N4 material was sectioned, mounted, and polished in preparation for the testing. After specimen preparation, the indentation fracture toughness testing was performed using a Buehler VH3100 automated hardness tester, integrated with Diamet software, v1.7. Three loads were used for testing (29.4, 49, 98 N) and five tests were performed for each load. Figure 6 and Table 1 show the indentation fracture toughness values calculated using each equation for Median and Palmqvist crack models. The Palmqvist crack equations show a load dependence of the fracture toughness values which implies that the Palmqvist model does not fit with Si̟N material and the Palmqvist equations should not be used calculating Si₂N IFT value. In contrast, the Median crack equations show no load dependence, and the fracture toughness values calculated by the Miyoshi equation are very close to the reference value of 6 MPa.m². These experimental results agree with the earlier conclusions that the Miyoshi equation is best for estimating indentation fracture toughness of silicon nitride. Concluding remarks The indentation fracture toughness method is a quick and simple assessment for estimating fracture toughness values. When the test specimen is too small and/or unique in size to meet standardized fracture toughness methods\' specimen www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 (a) Fracture toughness (Mpa vm) 8.00 7.50 $7.00 6.50 6.00 $5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 Median crack system equations + + 3.50 60 Load (N) 80 100 120 (b) 7.00 Fracture toughness (Mpa vm) 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 Palmqvist crack system equations 4.00 O 40 60 80 100 120 Load (N) Niihara Miyoshi Anstis Reference Value Shetty Nihara Reference Value Figure 6. Indentation fracture toughness results of silicon nitride with a reference value of 6 MPa.m². The error bars represent +/- 1 standard deviation. (a) Results from the median equations do not show load dependence for silicon nitride fracture toughness value. (b) The Palmqvist equations show load dependency for this material. These results determine that the Palmqvist crack equations should not be used for silicon nitride. geometry, IFT is an option to estimate fracture toughness. Even though, the application of this method to assess fracture toughness varies with the selection of equations for different materials, it is still a useful tool for certain materials and applications. The Miyoshi equation is an ideal choice for a variety of ceramic materials and has been shown to give good agreement with reference fracture toughness values for silicon nitride. Indentation fracture toughness is a useful tool for fracture toughness estimation. With a good understanding of the various equations, matching them with the proper material can provide accurate results. More detailed information about how to perform indentation fracture toughness testing will be published in the Jan/Feb 2019 ACerS Bulletin. About the authors Costandino Relias interned with Buehler in 2016, and Doug Ngai is applications engineer at Buehler, an ITW Company. Contact Doug at doug.ngai@buehler.com. References \'G. D. Quinn and R. C. Bradt, \"On the Vickers Indentation Fracture Toughness Test,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 673-680, 2007 2A. Ghosh, Z. Li, C. H. Henager, A. S. Kobayashi, and R. C. Bradt, \"Vickers Microindentation Toughness of a Sintered SiC in the MedianCrack Regime,\" Fract. Mech. Ceram., Vol. 12, pp. 219-232, 1996 3H. Miyazaki and Y.-I. Yoshizawa, \"Correlation of the indentation fracture resistance measured using high-resolution optics and the fracture toughness obtained by the single edge-notched beam (SEPB) method for typical structural ceramics with various microstructures,\" Ceram. Int., Vol. 42, pp. 7873-7876, 2016 4R. Spiegler, S. Schmadder, and L. S. Sigl, \"Fracture Toughness Evaluation of WC-Co Alloys by Indentation Testing,\" J. Hard Mater., Vol. 1, No. 3, 1990 5Y. Tang, A. Yonezu, N. Ogasawara, N. Chiba, and X. Chen, “On radial crack and half-penny crack induced by Vickers indentation,\" Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., Vol. 464, pp. 2967–2984, May 2008 6Z. Li, A. Ghosh, A. S. Kobayashi, and R. C. Bradt, \"Indentation Fracture Toughness of Sintered Silicon Carbide in the Palmqvist Crack Regime,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 904-911, 1989 \'K. Niihara, R. Morena, and D. P. H. Hasselman, “Evaluation of K of brittle solids by the indentation method with low crack-to-indent ratios,\" J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol. 1, pp. 13-16, 1982 8D. K. Shetty, I. G. Wright, P. N. Mincer, and A. H. Clauer, \"Indentation fracture of WC-Co cermets,\" J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 20, pp. 1873-1882, 1985 \'G. R. Anstis, P. Chantikul, B. R. Lawn, and D. B. Marshall, “A Critical Evaluation of Indentation Techniques for Measuring Fracture Toughness: I Direct Crack Measurements,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 46, pp. 533-538, 1981 10T. Miyoshi, \"A Study on Evaluation of K for Structural Ceramics,\" Trans. Jap. Soc. Mech. Eng., Vol. 51A, pp. 2489-2497, 1985 \"A. M. Soleimanpour, P. Abachi, and A. Simchi, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-10Co cemented carbide containing VC or (Ta, Nb)C and fracture toughness evaluation using different models,\" Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., Vol. 31, pp. 141-146, 2012. 12Indentation Fracture Toughness Application Guide Table 1. Indentation fracture toughness results of silicon nitride with a reference value of 6 MPa⚫m-2. The Miyoshi equation gave the most accurate fracture toughness values. Indentation load (N) Average diagonal half-length, α (μm) Average crack length, | (pm) Antis (median) Miyoshi (median) Fracture toughness values Niihara (median) Niihara Shetty (Palmqvist) 29.4 30.59 ± 0.28 26.80 ± 0.95 4.99 ± 0.12 5.62 ± 0.14 7.10 ± 0.18 49 39.94 ± 0.27 40.44 ± 0.87 5.08 ± 0.08 5.71 ± 0.09 7.20 ± 0.12 5.29 ± 0.10 5.54 ± 0.06 (Palmqvist) 5.85 ± 0.14 6.07 ± 0.08 98 56.53 ± 0.27 71.59 ± 1.30 5.05 ± 0.08 5.68 ± 0.09 7.16 ± 0.11 5.89 ± 0.05 6.45 ± 0.06 Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics,.7 | www.ceramics.org American Ceramic Society 37 OCTOBER 14 - 18, 2018 | GREATER COLUMBUS CONVENTION CENTER | COLUMBUS, OHIO, USA WWW.MATSCITECH.ORG MS&T18 Schedule current as of 8.11.2018 REGISTER BEFORE SEPTEMBER 12, 2018 TO SAVE! Now in its 14th year, MS&T brings together 3,000-plus attendees for more than 2,000 presentations, a robust plenary speaker lineup, society based special events, and a collaboration among five leading materials science societies. If you work in ceramics and glass, you not only get to network with other materials scientists, but also attend ACerS 120th Annual Meeting. The MS&T technical program is unmatched, addressing structure, properties, processing, and performance across the materials community. MS&T brings together scientists, engineers, students, suppliers, and business leaders to discuss current research and technical applications, and to shape the future of materials science and technology. PLENARY LECTURES TUESDAY, OCT 16, 2018 | 8:00 - 10:40 a.m. ACERS EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; Director, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut, USA Regenerative Engineering: Materials in Convergence AIST ADOLF MARTENS MEMORIAL STEEL LECTURE John G. Speer, FASM, John Henry Moore Professor of Physical Metallurgy at Colorado School of Mines, and Director of the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, USA Steel A Lot to Learn ASM/TMS JOINT DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP IN MATERIALS AND SOCIETY SPECIAL EVENTS SUNDAY, OCT 14 5-6 p.m. 5-7 p.m. 5-7 p.m. MONDAY, OCT 15 8:30 a.m. - 6 p.m. 1-2 p.m. MS&T Women in Materials Science Reception ACers Keramos Reception PCSA Alumni Reception ACers Basic Science Division Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition ACers 120th Annual Membership Meeting ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Banquet Reception 5-6 p.m. NEW MS&T Partners\' Welcome Reception 6:45 7:30 p.m. 7:30 – 10 p.m. ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Banquet TUESDAY, OCT 16 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. 11 a.m. – 1 p.m. Noon - 2 p.m. 1-6 p.m. 4 – 6 p.m. ACers Basic Science Division Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition Exhibition Show Hours General Poster Session with Presenters MS&T Food Court General Poster Viewing Exhibitor Networking Reception WEDNESDAY, OCT 17 7 a.m. - Noon 9:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Lynnette D. Madsen, Program Director, National Science Foundation, USA 9:30 a.m. - 2 p.m. Noon - 2 p.m. ACers Basic Science Division Ceramographic Exhibit and Competition General Poster Viewing Exhibition Show Hours MS&T Food Court Organizers: The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org The Ecosystem of Research, Education, and Community AIST ASSOCIATION FOR IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org ASM MET SOC TMS INTERNATIONAL Metallurgy & Materials Society The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Sponsored by: NACE INTERNATIONAL The Worldwide Corrosion Authority\" www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 ACERS LECTURES AND AWARDS MONDAY, OCT 15 9 - 10 a.m. ACerS/EPDC Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture - Jennifer A. Lewis, Harvard University, USA, Digital Assembly of Colloidal Suspensions, Gels and Foams 2 - 4:40 p.m. ACers Richard M. Fulrath Award Session - Naoya Shibata, University of Tokyo, Japan, Atomic-scale Understanding of Ceramic Interfaces by Advanced Electron Microscopy - Yosuke Takahashi, Noritaki Co., Ltd., Japan, Development of Ceramics and Glass Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Oxygen Permeable Membrane Mark D. Waugh, Murata Electronics North America, Inc., USA, Blending Cultures to Achieve Innovation - Shinichiro Kawanda, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Japan, Potassium Sodium Niobate-based Multilayer Piezoelectric Ceramics Co-fired with Nickel Inner Electrodes - John McCloy, Washington State University, USA, Undividing the Discipline: Social Interfaces in Ceramics Science and Engineering TUESDAY, OCT 16 8 10:40 a.m. MS&T PLENARY SESSION ACers Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; Director, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut, USA, Regenerative Engineering: Materials in Convergence 1-2 p.m. ACers Frontiers of Science and Society - Rustum Roy Lecture David L. Morse, Corning Incorporated, USA, Imagination and Innovation in the Land of Machines 2- 4:40 p.m. ACERS GOMD ALFRED R. COOPER AWARD SESSION Cooper Distinguished Lecture - Tanguy Rouxel, University of Rennes 1, France, A Multiscale Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Glass 2018 Alfred R. Cooper Young Scholar Award Presentation - Ricardo F. Lancelotti, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil WEDNESDAY, OCT 17 1-2 p.m. ACers Basic Science Division Robert B. Sosman Lecture - Jürgen Rödel, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, Lead-Free Piezoceramics: From Local Structures to Application Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.7 | www.ceramics.org Join us MS&T18 for the ACerS 120th Annual Meeting LEARN WHAT\'S GOING ON IN YOUR INDUSTRY. VOICE YOUR OPINION. NETWORK WITH CERAMIC AND GLASS COLLEAGUES. YOUR EXPERIENCE INCLUDES: - ACers award lectures -The 120th annual ACers Membership Meeting -The ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Reception and Banquet - ACers division-led business meetings - And more! HOTEL INFORMATION RESERVATION DEADLINE: SEPTEMBER 15, 2018 For best availability and immediate confirmation, make your reservation online at www.matscitech.org. Rooms sell out quickly! Hilton Columbus Downtown - ACERS HQ US $195 plus tax/night single or double Beware of Room Poachers! Unauthorized third-party companies have been contacting members to get them to reserve hotel rooms. This is a scam! You will NEVER receive a phone call directly from MS&T organizers or vendors on their behalf. Please use the links on www.matscitech.org to make a legitimate hotel room reservation. U.S. Government Rate rooms are extremely limited; proof of federal government employment must be shown at check-in or higher rate will be charged. U.S. Government rate is the prevailing government rate. Cancellation: Reservations cancelled less than 72 hours prior to noon of scheduled arrival date will be charged one night rate and tax. 39 www.ceramics.org/icacc2019 Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center | Daytona Beach, Florida, USA 43 RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org Engineering Ceramics Division The Americor Ceram Soc etv SAVE THE DATE JAN 27-FEB 1, 2019 ICACC 2019 will feature 17 symposia, four focused sessions, one special focused session, the Fulrath symposium, and the 8th Global Young Investigator Forum. These technical sessions, consisting of both oral and poster presentations, will provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, and engineers from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances on various aspects related to ceramic science and technology. The key event in the 43rd ICACC is the international 40th Anniversary Richard M. Fulrath Award Symposium on \"Frontiers of Ceramics for Sustainable Society.\" The Richard M. Fulrath award began in 1978 to promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists and encourage understanding among the diverse cultures surrounding the Pacific Rim. The technical program contains important areas of ceramics and advanced composites, with a particular emphasis on the current trends in research, development, engineering, and application of advanced ceramics and composites. The core symposia include: Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites; Advanced Ceramic Coatings; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Armor Ceramics; Bioceramics; Advanced Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion and Rechargeable Energy Storage; Functional Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites; Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies; Porous Ceramics; Virtual Material Design; Industrial Root Technologies; Materials for Extreme Environments; Ceramics for Sustainable Nuclear Energy and Fusion Energy; Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications; Additive Manufacturing and 3-D Printing Technologies; Geopolymers; and Photonics and Energy. The ECD executive committee and volunteer organizers sincerely hope you will join us at ICACC 2019 for a stimulating and enjoyable conference. We look forward to seeing you in Daytona Beach, Florida in January 2019! Surojit Gupta Program Chair, ICACC 2019 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North Dakota E-mail: surojit.gupta@engr.und.edu TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Sunday, January 27, 2019 Conference registration Welcome reception at Hilton Monday, January 28, 2019 Conference registration 2-7 p.m. 5:30-7 p.m. 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. Opening awards ceremony and plenary session 8:30 a.m. - Noon Companion coffee Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 9 10:30 a.m. Noon 1:20 p.m. 1:30-5:30 p.m. Young Professional Network, GGRN, student mixer 7:30 - 9 p.m. Tuesday, January 29, 2019 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 7:30a.m.-6 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon 1:20 p.m. 1:30-6 p.m. Exhibits and poster session A, including reception 5-8 p.m. Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions 7:30a.m.-5:30 p.m. 8:30 a.m. Noon Noon–1:20 p.m. 1:30-5 p.m. Exhibits and poster session B, including reception 5-7:30 p.m. Thursday, January 31, 2019 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions Lunch on own Concurrent technical sessions Friday, February 1, 2019 Conference registration Concurrent technical sessions OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES 7:30a.m. - 6 p.m. 8:30 a.m. - Noon Noon–1:20 p.m. 1:30-5 p.m. 8 a.m. - Noon 8:30 a.m. Noon bulletin Ceramic TechToday emerging ceramics & glass technology FROM THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 HILTON DAYTONA BEACH RESORT 100 North Atlantic Ave., Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Phone: 1-386-254-8200 Rates: One to four occupants: US government employee: $175 plus tax Prevailing rate Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate or group code ACRS19. Room rates are effective until January 4, 2019, and are based on availability. ICACC19 TECHNICAL PROGRAM S1 Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites S2 Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications S3 16th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Cells (SOC): Materials, Science and Technology S4 Armor Ceramics - Challenges and New Developments S5 Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites S6 Advanced Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal Energy Conversion and Rechargeable Energy Storage S7 13th International Symposium on Functional Nanomaterials and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environmental and Health Applications S8 13th International Symposium on Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials and Systems (APMT13) S9 Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications S10 Ceramics Modeling, Genome and Informatics S11 Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing Ideas for Production Root Technologies S12 Advanced MAX/MXene Phases and UHTC Materials for Extreme and High Temperature Environment S13 Development and Applications of Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy Systems S14 Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications S15 3rd International Symposium on Additive Manufacturing and 3-D Printing Technologies S16 Geopolymers, Inorganic Polymers and Sustainable Materials S17 Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy FS1 Bio-inspired Processing of Advanced Materials FS2 Image-based Characterization and Modelling of Ceramics by Nondestructive Examination Techniques FS3 Molecular-level Processing of Functional Materials: Understanding the Conversion of Molecular Compounds to Solid-State and Hybrid Structures FS4 Green Technologies and Joining of Ceramics 40th Anniversary Richard M. Fulrath Award Symposium 8th Global Young Investigator Forum EXHIBITION INFORMATION Reserve your booth today for the premier international advanced ceramics and composites expo. Connect with decision makers and influencers in government labs, industry, and research and development fields. ICACC19 is your destination to collaborate with business partners, cultivate prospects, and explore new business opportunities. Exhibit hours Tues., January 29, 2019, 5 - 8 p.m. Wed., January 30, 2019, 5 – 7:30 p.m. Exposition location Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL Exhibit space is filling up fast. To reserve your booth, visit www.ceramics.org/icacc2018 or contact Mona Thiel at mthiel@ceramics.org or 614-794-5834. CM Furnaces Haiku Tech Exhibitor Booth Alfred University 315 AVS 307 Centorr Vacuum Industries 200 Ceramics Expo 311 210 Gasbarre (PTX) 203 215 Harper International 309 H.C. Starck Surface Technology Lithoz America LLC Microtrac 305 103 314 300 Oxy-Gon Industries, Inc. 214 Praxair Surface Technologies 219 Reserved 208 Spinger Nature 107 Tev Tech 206 Thermcraft, Inc. 303 Zeiss Microscopy 201 202 Netzsch Instruments Zircar Ceramics Downloaded from bulletin archieff7|www.ceramics.org 41 THIS EVENT IS HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH MS&T18 The American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY\'S 7TH CERAMIC BUSINESS AND LEADERSHIP SUMMIT OCTOBER 16 – 17, 2018 | COLUMBUS, OHIO SUCCEEDING IN TODAY\'S MANUFACTURING MARKETPLACE Join ceramic and glass industry leaders for the 2018 Ceramic Business Leadership Summit (CBLS), a one-and-a-half day leadership event focused on the latest trends and topics from experts in the field. Your registration fee not only includes a full day of strategy sessions from industry leaders, but also an Expo pass for MS&T18 and an invitation to Corning Inc.\'s Chief Technical Officer David Morse\'s Rustum Roy lecture entitled \"Imagination and Innovation in the Land of Machines.\" Early-bird registration is $525 for ACerS members and $645 for nonmembers. Seats for CBLS 2018 will sell quickly, so register today at www.ceramics.org/cbls2018. SCHEDULE Hilton Columbus Downtown Tuesday, October 16-17 410 N. High Street, Columbus, Ohio For more information, visit www.ceramics.org/cbls2018. Tuesday, October 16 - Arrive Early! (Optional) Your registration to the Ceramic Business & Leadership Summit includes these optional events: 10:30-11:15 a.m. Emerging and Evolving Technologies that will Impact Manufacturing and their Economic Predictions - Jon Riley, National Center for Manufacturing Sciences Case Study: Digital Transformation in the Ceramics Industry: Using Simulation to Optimize Sintering Processes Dr. Marc-Antoine Thermitus, NETZSCH Instruments, NA Lunch The Profit Equation: Five Key Numbers to Better Manage Your Business - Daniel J. Gisser, AdviCoach 11:15 - Noon 1-2 p.m. Frontiers of Science and Society-Rustum Roy Lecture featuring David L. Morse, chief technology officer and executive vice president at Corning Inc. 4-6 p.m. Happy hour reception at the MS&T Expo Noon - 1 p.m. 1-2 p.m. Wednesday, October 17 2-2:45 p.m. 8:30 9 a.m. Continental breakfast 2:45-3 p.m. Introductions and overview - Dr. Dana Goski, Allied Mineral Products, Inc. 3-3:45 p.m. 9:30 10:15 a.m. Federal Funding and Legislation Outlook for Advanced Ceramics - Glen Mandigo, United States Advanced Ceramics Association 10:15 10:30 a.m. Break 3:45-4 p.m. Human Resources Q&A 4-4:30 p.m. Facilitated discussions 4:30-5:30 p.m. Networking reception 9 - 9:30 a.m. Table discussions: How can you implement in your business? Break Innovative and Modern Ways to Hire and Retain TalentJono Starr, StarrTrax Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org new products MUNGON Region Centrifugal Sifter ason Corporation now offers Centria levered shaft that offers greater screening area and higher capacity than the company\'s previous models. The sifter can scalp in excess of 100 tons (90 tonnes) per hour of dry or moist powders or granular material, and de-lump materials that tend to ball or agglomerate. It can also dewater solids-laden slurries at rates exceeding 500 gpm (1900 lpm) depending on application. The sifter has a time-delay function for operator safety, safety interlocks on the end cover, side access door, and removable feed screw cover. Kason Corporation (Millburn, N.J.) 973-467-8140 www.kason.com Modern Ceramic Engineering Properties, Processing, and Use in Design, Fourth Edition FOURTH EDITION MODERN CERAMIC ENGINEERING Properties, Processing and Use in Design David W. Richerson Willan E. Lee David Richeson stand edition includes updated content on nanotechnology, the use of ceramics in integrated circuits, flash drives, and digital cameras, and the role of miniaturization that has made modern digital devices possible. The book has two new chapters focusing on applying ceramics to real world challenges and highlights the increasing importance of modeling and simulation. It can stand alone as introductory text for a one-semester course and includes helpful study guides for each chapter. Use promo code FLR40 to save 20% and free shipping when ordering online. CRC Press (Boca Raton, Fla.) 800-634-7064 www.crcpress.com Rotary Continuous Mixer An new stainless steel Rotary Continuous Mixer model CM-16X4SS from Munson Machinery provides continuous, high-capacity mixing of bulk materials with or without liquid additions at low cost per volume of output. The mixer consists of a 16 x 48 inch (41 x 122 centimeter) diameter long cylindrical drum with fixed internal mixing flights that impart a gentle, back-flow mixing action free of dead spots, maximizing uniformity, while minimizing degradation and abrasive wear. Optional stainless steel piping with spray nozzles distributes liquids evenly onto cascading material without overspray onto drum surfaces. Munson Machinery Company Inc. (Utica, N.Y.) 315-797-0090 www.munsonmachinery.com CureView Gradient Oven 660 CTOC The CureView Gradient Oven peron samples for the evaluation of thermal stability, flow behavior, chemical resistance, and sample preparation for further testing. The oven can heat up test panels on a glass bed to a variety of temperature profiles, varying from ambient 41°F662°F (+5°C to 350°C). The CureView Gradient Oven allows importing of gradient profiles, measured by the CurveX oven logger system in order to simulate the production process on laboratory scale. Paul N. Gardner Company Inc. (Pompano Beach, Fla.) 954-946-9454 www.gardco.com Downloaded from bulletin-archieffi.7 | www.ceramics.org Flexible Screw Conveyor F lexicon introduces a new low profile Flexible Screw Conveyor with integral bin and caster-mounted frame. The conveyor can roll below mezzanines and other low-headroom areas, receive material from overhead equipment, and discharge the material into process equipment and vessels throughout the plant. The self-contained unit features a \"push type\" drive system positioned at the lower intake end of the conveyor, versus a standard \"pull-type\" drive positioned at the upper discharge end of the conveyor, reducing overall height by approximately 2 feet (610 millimeters). Flexicon Corporation (Bethlehem, Pa.) 888-353-9426 www.flexicon.com MultiScan MS20 Stability Tester ataPhysics Instruments\' new D Multiysan MS20 automatically measures and analyzes stability and aging characteristics of emulsions, dispersions, and slurries used in ceramic applications. The MS20 allows for connection and simultaneous analysis from one to six samples via independent, temperature-controlled sample scanning towers. A special barcodereading system plus user-friendly software guarantees seamless documentation of each individual measurement, evaluation, and error analysis, as well as the graphical presentation and export of results. DataPhysics Instruments (Filderstadt, Germany) 704-777-9063 www.dataphysics-instruments.com 43 resources Calendar of events September 2018 10-12 China Refractory & Abrasive Minerals Forum 2018 - Regal Int\'l East Asia Hotel, Shanghai, China; www.bit.ly/CRAMF2018 17-19 Advanced Ceramics and Applications VII: New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Processing - Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia; www.serbianceramicsociety.rs/index.htm 26-27 61st Int\'l Colloquium on Refractories 2018 - Eurogress Aachen, Aachen, Germany; http://bit.ly/Collqon Refr October 2018 1-4 MMA 2018: 10th Int\'l Conference of Microwave Materials and their Applications - Nakanoshima Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; www. jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp/~conf/MMA2018 8-12 ic-cmtp5: 5th Int\'l Conference on Competitive Materials and Technology Processes - Hunguest Hotel Palota, Miskolc, Hungary; www.ic-cmtp5.eu 14-18 MS&T18, combined with ACerS 120th Annual Meeting - Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.matscitech.org 15-17 Fluorine Forum 2018 - Hotel Wellington, Madrid, Spain; www.bit.ly/FluorineForum18 November 2018 5-8 79th Conference on Glass Problems - Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org January 2019 23-25 EMA2019: 2019 Conference on Electronic Materials and Applications DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/ema2019 Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org 27-Feb. 1 ICACC19: 43rd Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org/icacc2019 February 2019 14-16 8th Congress of Int\'l Academy of Ceramic Implantology www.iaoci.com March 2019 26-28 55th Annual St. Louis Section/Refractory Ceramics Division Symposium on Refractories - Hilton St. Louis Airport Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.; www.ceramics.org April 2019 30-May 15th Ceramics Expo I-X Center, Cleveland, Ohio; www.ceramicsexpousa.com June 2019 9-14 25th Int\'l Congress on Glass Boston Park Plaza Hotel and Towers, Boston, Mass.; www.ceramics.org/icg2019 July 2019 21-26 4th Int\'l Conference on Innovations in Biomaterials, Biomanufacturing, and Biotechnologies (Bio-4), combined with 2nd Global Forum on Advanced Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Development (GFMAT-2) - Toronto Marriott Downtown Eaton Centre Hotel, Toronto, Canada; www.ceramics.org/gfmat-2-and-bio-4 September 2019 22-27 HTCMC10: 10th Int\'l Conference on High-Temperature Ceramic-Matrix Composites - Palais des Congrès, Bordeaux, France; www.ht-cmc10.org 29-Oct. 3 MS&T19 combined with ACerS 121st Annual Meeting - Portland, Ore.; www.ceramics.org October 2019 13-16 UNITECR 2019: United Int\'l Technical Conference on Refractories Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan; www.unitecr2019.org 27-31 PACRIM 13: 13th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology - Okinawa Convention Center, Ginowan City, Okinawa, Japan; www.ceramics.org 28-31 80th Conference on Glass Problems - Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org January 2020 22-24 EMA2020: Electronic Materials and Applications - DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel, Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org 26-31 ICACC20: 44th Int\'l Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites - Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org October 2020 4-8 MS&T20 combined with ACerS 122nd Annual Meeting - David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.; www.ceramics.org Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue. Entries in BLUE denote ACerS events. denotes meetings that ACerS cosponsors, endorses, or otherwise cooperates in organizing. SEAL denotes Corporate partner www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 classified advertising Career Opportunities ACers is Hiring... WRITER AND EDITOR Bulletin and Ceramic Tech Today Do you enjoy writing and communicating science as much as you love doing the science? Do your colleagues and peers seek your help with their manuscripts? If so, have you considered a career in science writing and publishing? The American Ceramic Society is hiring a Science Writer/Managing Editor to report on trends in the field, attend Society events, plan editorial content, and manage magazine production. Experience with web-based publishing systems, email vendors, and publishing processes are required. 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Nelson Sepulveda Guest columnist Electrical properties of biocomposites containing ferroelectric nanoparticles Credit: Nelson Sepulveda Biopolymer composites represent a market with great potential due to the materials\' numerous applications, including bioceramic, biosensing, biomedical, bionanotechnology, and biological assembly applications. These biocomposites have unique characteristics, includ ing biocompatibility, low environmental impact, and nontoxicity in humans. And because the materials are biodegradable, they can be recycled-which translates into reduced waste and material costs. In my research on biocomposites, I have also found that these materials possess low fabrication costs compared to petroleum-based polymeric composites. Other researchers have used biopolymers as matrices for composites containing ferroelectric particles, specifically ceramic particles such as BaTiO3, SrTiO 3, CaTiO3, and PbTiO3. These ferroelectric constituents represent an appealing alternative for processable high-permittivity materials and have high dielectric constant, moderate dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, and high electrical resistivity. In effect, such electrical characteristics make these ferroelectric composites particularly suitable for flexible capacitors, transistors, and actuators. Some of my research reveals that, when embedded into a biopolymer matrix, ferroelectric nanoparticles turn biocomposites into tunable materials that can be readily adapted to several applications.¹² Combining more complex multifunctional biopolymers, Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org 0.5μm Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope image of a bioferroelectric nanocomposite containing 20% strontium titanate nanoparticles. such as lignin and alginates, with ferroelectric nanoparticles, such as PbTiO3 and PbZnO, opens new possibilities. Bioferroelectric composites therefore represent an inexpensive and environmentally-friendly electronic alternative for novel devices. However, future studies of bioferroelectric composites need to consider volume percent of the biopolymer and concentration of ferroelectric nanoparticles. Further, electrical characterization could enhance that materials\' capacitance and resistivity and enable tunability of these properties. Capacitance of the composites could also be adjusted to specific values when a given voltage is applied. Additionally, capacitors made with nanocomposites could enable higher current flows than commercial capacitors. In particular, biocomposite capaci tors are suitable for radio frequency and microwave applications that require high electrical tunability and low dielectric loss. This research therefore can impact safety of workers regularly exposed to chemical materials and demonstrates a simple approach to manufacture flexible and biocompatible electronics with tunable capabilities. References ¹A. Declet-Vega, N. Sepúlveda-Ramos, J. Martínez-Santos, et al., “Study of electrical properties of biocomposites containing ferroelectric nanoparticles,\" J. Compos. Mater.; 51: 1979-1985 (2017). 2A. Declet-Vega, N. Sepúlveda-Ramos, O.M. Suárez, \"On the mechanical and dielectric properties of biocomposites containing strontium titanate particles,\" Ferroelectrics and Their Applications, H. Irzaman, Ed., (2018). Nelson E. Sepulveda-Ramos is an undergraduate studying electrical engineering at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. His dream is to be first in his family to earn a Ph.D., and he wants to combine his studies with materials sciences to create new novel electronic devices that can shape the world. Sepulveda-Ramos enjoys hiking, playing video games, STEM outreach, and mentoring early-level college students. www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 CALL FOR PAPERS ABSTRACTS DUE JANUARY 15, 2019 www.ceramics.org/icg2019 25 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON GLASS (ICG2019) HOSTED BY ACERS GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION 100 years BOSTON PARK PLAZA HOTEL AND TOWERS | BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS | USA Make your plans now to attend the International Congress on Glass (ICG) 2019 in Boston, Mass., June 9-14, 2019, to join the expected 1,000 attendees and more than 900 papers and posters representing the best and brightest glass science and technology minds in the world. Held every three years, the International Congress on Glass has been providing valuable networking and collaborative efforts since the late 1980s. ICG 2019 will include: ― Special recognition of the 100th anniversary of GOMD - Technical, cultural, and historical excursions in and around the Boston area - Student career roundtables - Student poster contest TECHNICAL PROGRAM Symposia 1 Glass Structure and Chemistry Symposia 2 Glass Physics Symposia 3 Glass Technology and Manufacturing Symposia 4 Emerging Applications of Glass Symposia 5 Glass Education (TC23) Symposia 6 Arun K. Varshneya Festschrift ICG 2019 Congress president ICG 2019 program chair Richard Brow John Mauro The Missouri University of Science & Technology Pennsylvania State University jcm426@psu.edu ICG American Ceramic Society www.ceramics.org International Commission Glass brow@mst.edu www.ceramics.org/icg2019 SAVE THE DATE FOR THIS IMPORTANT GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEETING. ACERS GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION IS THE ICG 2019 HOST. Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org AMERICAN ELEMENTS calcium carbonate nanoparticles europium ph dielectrics catalog:americanelements.com carbon nanoparticle THE ADVANCED MATERIALS MANUFACTURER Ⓡ palladium nanoparticles liquids H silicon nanopart HH He Nd: yttri medic rho 11 37 1.00794 Hydrogen Li 6.941 Lithium Na 22.98976928 Sodium K 39.0983 Potassium Rb 85.4678 Rubidium 12 20 38 56 zinc nanoparticles Be 9.012182 Beryllium Mg 24.305 Magnesium 21 optoelectronics 99.999% ruthenium spheres copper anarticles. surface functionalized nanoparticles iron nanoparticles Ca Sc 40.078 Calcium Sr 44.965912 Scandium Y 88.90585 87.62 Strontium Yttrium nadium Cs Ba 87 132.9054 Cesium tant Fr (223) Francium thin film 88 137.327 Barium 89 40 2 72 Ti V Cr Mn 47.867 Titanium Zr 91.224 Zirconium 41 73 50.9415 Vanadium 42 51.9961 Chromium Nb Mo 92.90638 Niobium La Hf Ta 138.90547 Lanthanum Ra Ac 104 178.48 Hafnium Rf 105 180.9488 Tantalum 2 74 95.96 Molybdenum 106 W 183.84 Tungsten 43 75 107 54.938045 Manganese Tc (98.0) Technetium 44 76 silver nanoparti Cu Zn Fe Co Ni Cu 55.845 Iron 45 58.933195 Cobalt 58.6934 Nickel 63.546 Copper Ru Rh 101.07 Ruthenium 102.9055 Rhodium 46 Pd 106.42 Palladium 18 47 Ag 107.8682 Silver Re Os 186.207 Rhenium Db Sg Bh 108 190.23 Osmium Hs (226) Radium (227) Actinium (267) Rutherfordium (268) Dubnium (271) Seaborgium (272) Bohrium (270) Hassium diamond m refracto sten carbide Ce 140.116 Cerium ༥ ཱཿ།སྐ ༅ ༄ 33 , ༣ 77 Ir 192.217 Iridium ༥ ༥༠ ༥ 65.38 Zinc B C 10.811 Boron 12.0107 Carbon 13 ΑΙ 26.9815386 Aluminum 14 Si 28.0855 Silicon Ga Ge 69.723 Gallium 72.64 Germanium 33 14.0067 Nitrogen 15.9994 Oxygen NP 30.973762 Phosphorus S 32.065 Sulfur As Se 74.9216 Arsenic 78.96 Selenium 48 Cd 112.411 Cadmium In 114.818 Indium Sn 118.71 Tin 51 Sb 78 Pt 195.084 Platinum 79 80 Au Hg 196.966569 Gold 112 200.59 Mercury Cn 81 113 TI 204.3833 Thallium Uut 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 ས མ བྲཱ ཀ 114 121.76 Antimony Pb 207.2 Lead 83 Bi 208.9804 Bismuth 영 115 Uup unc 84 116 17 35 F 18.9984032 Fluorine CI 35.453 Chlorine Br 79.904 Bromine 126.90447 lodine Te 127.6 Tellurium 53 85 Po At (209) Polonium (210) Astatine Lv 117 ON ཐ ༧ 10 18 36 54 86 118 4.002602 Helium Ne 20.1797 Neon Ar 39.948 Argon Kr 83.798 Krypton Xe 131.293 Xenon rod solid metals crystals cone site Rn mistry (222) Radon Uus Uuo um Rg FI (276) Meitnerium (281) Darmstadtium Roentgenium (285) Copernicium (284) Ununtrium (289) Flerovium (288) Ununpentium (293) Livermorium (294) Ununseptium (294) Ununoctium quantum dots 62 aluminum nanoparticles Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 140.90765 Praseodymium 91 92 144.242 Neodymium 61 93 (145) Promethium 94 150.36 Samarium 63 95 151.964 Europium 96 157.25 Gadolinium 158.92535 Terbium Dysprosium 164.93032 Holmium Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf 100 167.259 Erbium 101 168.93421 Thulium 102 173.064 Ytterbium Fm Md No 71 103 Lu nickel nanoparticl 174.9668 Lutetium Lr Es 232.03806 Thorium 231.03588 Protactinium 238.02891 Uranium (237) Neptunium (244) Plutonium (243) Americium (247) Curium (247) Berkelium (251) Californium (252) Einsteinium (257) Fermium (258) Mendelevium (259) Nobelium (262) Lawrencium single crystal silicon rbium doped fiber optics nano ribbons advanced polymers gadolinium wires atomic layer deposition ing powder macromolecu nano gels anti-ballistic ceramics TM nanodispersions Now Invent. ultra high purity mat dielectrics alternative energy europium phosphors Experience the Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs ttering targets LED lighting rmet anode super alloys osynthetics As one of the world\'s first and largest manufacturers and distributors of nanoparticles & nanotubes, American Elements\' re-launch of its 20 year old Catalog is worth noting. In it you will find essentially every nanoscale metal & chemical that nature and current technology allow. In fact quite a few materials have no known application and have yet to be fully explored. But that\'s the whole idea! CIGS laser platinum ink solar energy metamaterials silicon rods zirconium nanofabrics photovoltaics crystal growth American Elements opens up a world of possibilities so you can Now Invent! iron ionic spintronics rare earth dysprosium pellets palladium shot ©2001-2018. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. www.americanelements.com gadolinium wire Downloaded from bulletin-archive.ceramics.org
